Leininger spur
| Leininger spur | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| surface | 44.8 km² | ||
| Systematics according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany | ||
| Greater region 1st order | 07–23 → Layer level land on both sides of the Upper Rhine Rift |
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| Greater region 2nd order | 17–19, 26 → Palatinate-Saarland layer level country |
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| Greater region 3rd order | 17 → Palatinate Forest |
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| 4th order region (main unit) |
→ Middle Palatinate Forest |
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| 5th order region | Leininger spur | ||
| Natural area characteristics | |||
| Landscape type | Low mountain range ( red sandstone ) of a layered landscape ; Mountain spur | ||
| Highest peak | Rahnfels ( 516.5 m ) | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 49 ° 29 '36.2 " N , 8 ° 7' 7.7" E | ||
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| circle | Bad Dürkheim | ||
| state | Rhineland-Palatinate | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Leininger spur is a strongly raised, up to 516.5 m above sea level. NHN ( Rahnfels ) rising mountain ledge in the northeast of the Palatinate Forest . The mountain spur, which is primarily built up by the rock formations of the Middle and Upper Buntsandstein , forms the western boundary of the Upper Rhine Plain between Grünstadt in the north and Leistadt , a district of Bad Dürkheim , in the southeast .
geography
location
The Leininger Sporn lies between the valleys of the Isenach in the south and the Eckbach in the north and has an area of approximately 44.8 km². Its length from north to south is about 10 km, its width from west to east about 4–5 and in the northern tip only 2–3 km.
The outer border of the mountain spur runs from Kleinkarlbach in the north-east along the edge of the Rhine rift valley to the south, and then turns to the south-west at Leistadt. Here it follows the Lambrecht Fault, a fault line that crosses the Isenach Valley between Peterskopf and Teufelsstein near Hausen and separates the Haardt mountain range from the Leininger Sporn and the Limburg-Dürkheimer Wald to the southwest . From the Alte Schmelz it turns north and over the Rahnfels ( 517 m above sea level ) reaches the valley of the Höninger Bach with the town of Höningen . Here, the natural area flows into the foothills of the Inner Palatinate Forest in the west and the stump forest and the cleared areas of the Eisenberg basin in the northwest . From Altleiningen , the boundary then follows the Eckbach valley in a north-easterly direction to Kleinkarlbach.
Natural allocation
The term "Leininger Sporn" was first used in 1964 by the geographer Harald Uhlig , who in the follow-up work 1: 200,000 to the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany on sheet 150 Mainz had to structure the extreme north of the Palatinate Forest. In 1969, his colleague Adalbert Pemöller also used this name in his work on the adjoining sheet 160 Landau to the south and delimited the landscape to the south.
Uhlig assigned the spur to the Lower Palatinate Forest unit as a sub-unit, which Pemöller also took over. The Lower Palatinate Forest consisted mainly of the stump forest in the middle north, the Otterberg Forest in the northwest and the unforested landscape around Sembach in between - all landscapes that drop off by a noticeable height compared to the Middle Palatinate Forest and only heights below 400 m above sea level. Reach NHN . The forest area immediately east of Kaiserslautern and (on Pemöller's leaf area) around the Queitersberg was not assigned to the Palatinate Forest at all, although in geology, relief and altitude it is very similar to the Stump Forest and Otterberg Forest - while the Leininger Sporn is the typical altitude of the Middle Palatinate Forest in the area north of the Isenach valley and, on the eastern edge, the steep slopes of the Haardt continue to the northwest.
In terms of altitude and geomorphology, the Leininger Sporn can ultimately be attributed to the Middle Palatinate Forest. Although this does not appear as a unit in Pemöller's structure, it designates the central part of the low mountain range in the widespread structure according to Beeger, Geiger and Reh and is clearly better known by name than the individual, largely unknown landscape names introduced by Pemöller within the central part. More details result from the integrating structure concept of the low mountain range .
Surname
The name of this natural spatial unit is based on the historical name Leiningerland , which in turn is named after the formerly most important noble family in the region, the Leininger . From a geographical point of view, the Leiningerland, in addition to the low mountain range of the Leininger Sporn, also has a share in the wine route region or the foothills of the mountain edge and the Upper Rhine Plain.
Landscape character
The relief of the natural area is characterized by a distinctive ridge with steep mountain flanks, which extends from the Pickelhaube (360.7 m above sea level) in the north to the Rahn and Heidenfels (496.0 m above sea level) in the south and in the direction Eckbachtal and Upper Rhine Plain, but above all to Isenach Valley, drops steeply by 250 to 300 meters. Smaller and larger flowing waters have cut deeply into the red sandstone package, so that a diverse surface structure with notched valleys , rock formations and steep slopes has emerged. Larger valleys include the Langental in the northwest of the Sporn and the Krumbachtal , which begins at the Ungeheuersee and extends in a north-easterly direction to Kleinkarlbach. In the south, however, the mountain range is only drained by a few smaller streams that flow in narrow valley valleys to the Isenach.
The landscape of the Leininger Sporn is mainly characterized by dense forest, with coniferous trees dominating in the east, especially pure pine monocultures or mixed stands of pines and mixed beeches , the flora of which is often composed of heather , simple grasses and blueberry bushes . These pine forests were created in the 19th and 20th centuries through the targeted reforestation of areas that were overexploited and devastated over long periods of time due to intensive farming - for example to obtain wooden poles for viticulture . In addition to these typical Haardt forests , sweet chestnuts can also be found in heat-favored locations at the eastern foot of the mountains , which are often found in larger stands. Wine and fruit growing also demonstrate the favorable climate of the wine route region and, alternating with the foothills of the Haardtwald, create a varied landscape.
The forest areas in the west of the natural area, on the other hand, are composed somewhat differently. Here, in the Rahnfels and Heidenfels areas, among others, there are larger mixed forests with a higher proportion of hardwood and a more balanced age structure, so that these areas largely correspond to the other landscape areas of the Middle Palatinate Forest in terms of forest cover and composition.
Settlement activities are limited to the outskirts of the Leininger Sporn, whereas the mountainous area itself is not populated. Particularly eye-catching is the one on a clearing island in the northeastern edge of the spur at a height of about 300 m above sea level. NHN-located community of Battenberg with Battenberg Castle . Mainly arable farming is carried out on this cleared area , as the loamy - clayey weathered soils of the Upper Buntsandstein are more nutritious and therefore enable higher yields in contrast to other regions of the Middle Palatinate Forest. In contrast, viticulture, which was also widespread in the past, is on the decline, which is clear from the former vineyard terraces in the north of the municipality; In addition, there are orchards and fallow areas on the slopes of the Battenberg district . The lightning tubes below Battenberg Castle are a geological peculiarity and classified as a natural monument . These are tubular iron slabs that run through an ocher-colored sandstone wall several meters high and were created by the precipitation and sintering of iron solutions.
Further settlements are located in the north-western outskirts of the Leininger spur. In the Eckbachtal are the village and castle Altleiningen and in the valley of the Höninger Bach the village of Höningen with the ruins of the former monastery .
Historic iron region
To the west, the settlement is concentrated - reinforced by earlier ironworks - on the valleys of the Eckbach with the village and Altleiningen Castle and the Höninger Bach with the village of Höningen and the ruins of the former monastery. Isolated (Paleozoic?) Iron ore is geologically related to faults at the edge of the Leininger spur.
The Eckbachtal was involved in the historical iron processing of the region, which shows, for example, a large work below Altleiningen called Dradura . The stream was dammed up to storage lakes for the iron works and also drove a few sawmills. Upstream it has the character of a meadow valley.
literature
- August Becker: The Palatinate and the Palatinate. 7th edition, Pfälzische Verlagsanstalt, Landau / Pfalz 2005 (1st edition 1857), pp. 138–154, ISBN 3898571939
- Michael Geiger: Haardt and Weinstrasse in a geographical overview. In: Michael Geiger (Ed.): Haardt and Weinstrasse - Contributions to regional studies . Publishing house of the Palatinate Society for the Advancement of Science, Speyer 1996, pp. 6–35 ISBN 3-932155-14-9
- Michael Geiger: The landscapes of the Palatinate. In: Michael Geiger (ed.): Geography of the Palatinate . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau / Pfalz 2010, pp. 92–113 ISBN 9783981297409
- Daniel Häberle: The Palatinate Forest. A contribution to the regional studies of the Rhine Palatinate. Georg Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig and Berlin 1913
- Karl Heinz: Palatinate with Wine Route. Landscape, history, culture, art, folklore. Glock and Lutz Verlag, Heroldsberg 1976, pp. 375-381
- Klaus Meyer: The Haardt Forests: yesterday - today - tomorrow . In: Michael Geiger (Ed.): Haardt and Weinstrasse - Contributions to regional studies . Publishing house of the Palatinate Society for the Advancement of Science, Speyer 1996 ISBN 3-932155-14-9 , pp. 248–249
- Adalbert Pemöller: The natural spatial units on sheet 160 Landau id Pfalz. Geographical land survey 1: 200,000 natural spatial structure of Germany. Self-published by the Federal Research Center for Regional Studies and Regional Planning, Bad Godesberg 1969
- Heinz Wittner: Great Palatinate Leader. German hiking publisher Dr. Mair & Schnabel & Co., Stuttgart 1981 pp. 307-312, ISBN 3813401065
Web links
- Landscapes in Rhineland-Palatinate: Leininger Sporn
- Natural division of Rhineland-Palatinate; 17 = Palatinate Forest (PDF; 253 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Natural area table with area data from the State Office for the Environment, Water Management and Trade Inspectorate Rhineland-Palatinate (PDF; 250 kB)
- ↑ The structure concept of the manual was modified for the interior of the Palatinate Forest
- ↑ a b Landscape profile of the landscape area 170.03 of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration ( notes ) Leininger Sporn
- ↑ a b c State Office for Surveying and Basic Geographic Information Rhineland-Palatinate (Ed.): Topographic map 1: 25,000 Bad Dürkheim and the surrounding area. Self-published by the State Office, 6th edition, Koblenz 2003.
- ↑ Harald Uhlig : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 150 Mainz. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. → Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
- ↑ Adalbert Pemöller: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 160 Landau i. d. Palatinate. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. → Online map (PDF; 4.2 MB)
- ↑ Michael Geiger et al. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest in a geographical overview . In: The Palatinate Forest, a portrait of a landscape . Publishing house Palatinate cultural studies, Landau / Pf. 1987, p. 19.
- ↑ Klaus Meyer: The Haardt Forests: yesterday - today - tomorrow . Pp. 250-251.
- ↑ Edmund Mainberger: The forest . In: Michael Geiger et al. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape . Publishing house Palatinate cultural studies, Landau / Pf. 1987, pp. 101-126.