Braunau Parliament

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The Braunau parliament is a name for the Bavarian state defense congress in Braunau am Inn in December 1705 . It is the first parliament in Bavaria in which - almost a hundred years before the French Revolution - representatives of the peasants, the urban bourgeoisie and the regional nobility had equal voting and speaking rights. This first free parliament in Bavaria called for a popular uprising against imperial suppression from outside and organized and sent troops for this purpose. Braunau is one of the - somewhat forgotten - "birthplaces" of modern democracy and political freedom.

The Bavarian popular uprising against the occupation by the Roman-German Emperor Joseph I, who resided in Vienna, of 1705/06 is usually known from the Sendlinger Murder Christmas and the folk tale of the blacksmith von Kochel . What is less well known is that this uprising in the Oberland, mainly carried out by farmers, was only a relatively small part of a large Bavarian popular uprising that ruled large areas of Lower Bavaria , the Innviertel and eastern Upper Bavaria . The towns and fortresses in these regions were conquered and the uprising of the peasants and the townspeople there spread to the Bavarian Forest, parts of the Upper Palatinate and Kelheim an der Donau ( Kraus rebellion ). The Braunau parliament contributed significantly to this popular uprising by raising troops, which, unlike the Oberlanders, were led by aristocratic aristocrats who were knowledgeable in the military and armed with weapons captured from the arsenals of the conquered cities. When they advanced before Munich in December 1705, the union of the troops of the Braunau parliament with the Oberland peasant who had advanced at the same time did not succeed, which contributed to the failure of the planned conquest of Munich and to the later military defeat of the Bavarian people's uprising.

Coat of arms Bavaria 1703

"Liberty, equality, fraternity"

At the beginning of the 18th century, Europe looked to Bavaria. In the Battle of Höchstädt in 1704, the political axis shifted in the War of the Spanish Succession . Due to the victory of the Allies over the Bavarian Elector Max Emanuel , the latter had to leave Bavaria, and imperial-Austrian occupation forces squeezed the country out. Passive turned into active resistance.

The people in Bavaria took their fate into their own hands. This only real popular uprising in Bavarian history was directed against imperial foreign rule , which Bavaria and its people ruthlessly exploited. The Bavarian state defense organized troops and even a parliament that met in Braunau and is therefore also known as the Braunau parliament. In this parliament, all four Bavarian estates were represented with equal voting and speaking rights, including the nobility and, to a small extent, the clergy.

Max Emanuel in front of the city of Mons

During the popular uprising, some of the revolutionary slogans were uttered, which amounted to general freedom rights and popular sovereignty, not just to liberation from the imperial-Austrian occupation.

Schedule

On November 26, 1705, the fortress Braunau was handed over to the rebels by the imperial fortress commander Georg Ignaz Graf von Tattenbach . Long before the French Revolution and early German parliamentarism , representatives of the four estates of the nobility , clergy , citizens and peasants met on December 21, 1705 in the town quarter of Baron von Paumgarten at the Breuninger inn in Braunau am Inn .

Resolutions of the defense congress in Braunau

Peasant sons, probably mainly heirs to the court , were originally strongly represented among the rebels, but according to Christian Probst these turned out to be particularly unreliable national defenders; their fathers bribed the officers to let their sons go home. For this reason the Congress decided on December 23, 1705, among other things:

"And should no officer , even he is, take power and authority to dismiss a well-placed man from his company wherever he has been placed, lest it happen, as was previously done, that the officers of those rich peasant sons should not happen take the money, the poor then stop. "

defeat

When news of the destruction of Hoffmann's corps in the Battle of Aidenbach arrived in Braunau on January 9, 1706 , the State Defense Congress was seized by deep discouragement.

Detail from the fresco by Wilhelm Lindenschmit the Elder

On the following day, however, the Congress ordered the implementation of its decisions of the last few days, in particular the implementation of the general contingent and the formation of the dragoon regiment. You didn't want to submit. On the other hand, the representatives of the cities and markets in particular now demanded more and more emphatically that peace negotiations should be initiated, whereupon the congress decided to send a deputation to the Prince Archbishop of Salzburg Johann Ernst Graf von Thun and through Count Tattenbach with Freiherr von Kriechbaum Get in touch with.

Blacksmith von Kochel in Kochel am See

On January 11, 1706, the deputation traveled to Salzburg for peace negotiations. In addition to Mayor Franz Dürnhardt, it included the Barons von Paumgarten and von Prielmayr, Mayor Georg Ludwig Harter von Burghausen and the farmer Franz Nagelstätter. On January 13th, Schärding , on the 16th of Cham , on the 17th of Braunau was handed over to the imperial family and on January 18th, 1706 Burghausen surrendered as the last town that was still in the hands of the Landesdefension.

Map of Bavaria in 1728

Directory of the Braunau Parliament

Mock picture of parliament, probably contemporary

According to Henric L. Wuermeling , the following six members formed the board of directors of the congress:

Wuermeling names the landlord Paulus Hartinger as a representative of the Burghausen magistrate, Franz Platianer as a representative of the Burghausen citizens and Nagelstätter as a farmer. The official spokesman for the farmers' group is Andreas Thanner , a coppersmith from Braunau.

About the engraving

The rebel Bavarian parliament in Brauna

Copper engraving, district museum Braunau am Inn (11859) Transcription: Dr. Stephan Deutinger, Munich

  1. The French Han so woke the rebel bayrn.
  2. City judge Martin Schalckh. Burgers, Bauren and all Lansleith, Get Schlagts Kaisa Landsknecht Todt alzgleich.
  3. Hofbaur Georg Hamershlag. i däzu my belongings and good, wans a same goes may aigens bluet.
  4. Millner and Stadschreiber to filshoff. Say it narrowly, just stiffly, oh, because our elector is mighty vil dro.
  5. Judge von Pläting Adam Zweiffelhracht. I say tight grod and do not remain silent, the end hard käma comes to an end and zil, dan skaisa leith are strong and fresh, we pound like fish.
  6. Tailor to Brauna. I alone beat 6 men dead.
  7. Schoolmaster Peter Limel. Tell me about it, wans get to the räffä, dschuler bueben measure al with läffä.
  8. Matthaeus Crausburger and Metzger zu Kelheimb. As long as my balck and krogn apply, I will help the Kaisa Soltaten.
  9. Pastor and building commentant, said Camb. Heillig writes clearly and frankly that there are no two masters to serve.
  10. The Keyserlich Allied Soltat shows the rebel Bavarian parliament the cowards.
  11. Christoph Haltnvöst Stadtschörg. all abdöckha and schörgenknecht, are closely a to serve.
  12. a black dog so the Bavarian Parliament on the Concept Sch ...

See also

literature

  • The state defense congress in Braunau. In: Christian Probst : Better to die Bavarian. The Bavarian popular uprising in 1705 and 1706. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-7991-5970-3 , pp. 295–306.
  • The insurgents create their own parliament and their own government, or Monday, December 21, 1705, in Braunau. In: Henric L. Wuermeling : The Sendlinger Murder Christmas 1705 - the first European revolution. Completely revised and expanded new edition. Langen Müller, Munich et al. 1985, ISBN 3-7844-2085-0 , pp. 159-177.
  • 14th Bavarian Contemporary History Days from September 23-24, 2005: Exhibition "The Bavarian People's Uprising 1705/06 in the Burghausen Rent Office"
  • Stephan Deutinger: The "Braunau Parliament" in the Bavarian peasant uprising 1705/06. In: Zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, vol. 81, 2018, pp. 47–70.
  • Harro Honolka: "The forgotten Bavarian revolution. The popular uprising 1705/1706 and the Braunau parliament, in: MUH - Bavarian Aspects, Winter 2018/2019.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Braunau as the "birthplace" of democracy
  2. ↑ The history of the Vilstal