Indore (state)
| Indore इन्दौर रियासत |
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| 1818-1948 | |||||
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| Capital | Indore | ||||
| Form of government | Princely State (19 rounds salute) | ||||
| surface | 25,646 km² | ||||
| population | 1,325,000 (1931) | ||||
| founding | January 6, 1818 | ||||
| resolution | June 15, 1948 | ||||
| State religion: Hinduism Dynasty: Holkar |
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Indore (also Principality of Holkar , Hindi इन्दौर रियासत Indaur riyāsat ) was one of the princely states of the Marathas in central India , which the Peshwa of Pune wrested from the empire of the Grand Mogul of Delhi in 1724 . The equestrian general Malharrao Holkar was enfeoffed with Maheshwar and Indore in 1734 and founded the Holkar dynasty. After the defeat of Peshwa in the Battle of Panipat in 1761, the Marathas fell apart and the generals founded de facto independent princely states. 1767–1795 ruled the daughter-in-law of the state founder, Ahalya Bai (Rajmata Ahalya Devi Holkar). The Maharani was described by a contemporary British diplomat as "the most exemplary ruler who ever lived". She was a kind of central Indian Queen Victoria who, apart from the establishment of the modern city of Indore, had palaces, temples, dharamshalas (pilgrims' hostels) and charitable institutions built throughout her territory. After her death in 1795, her four grandchildren dragged the empire into a bloody civil war.
This was followed by several skirmishes with the Marathas and the East India Company , which led to the treaty of January 6, 1818, which secured the dynasty a small but rich Dominion under British protection. Indore was declared its capital on November 3, 1818. The princely state remained a British protectorate until 1947 (see History of India ). The Maharaja Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (1886-1903) accepted the title of Maharajadhiraj. Yashwantrao Holkar II. Bahadur (1926–1956) commanded the Indore troops in Iraq during World War II and was made an honorary field marshal by the British.
In 1941 Indore had an area of 25,645 km² and 1.5 million inhabitants. The Holkar State was annexed to India on June 15, 1948 and joined the Madhya Bharat Princely Union on June 16 . On November 1, 1956, all princely states of the Union were dissolved and incorporated into the state of Madhya Pradesh .
Indore had its own state post from 1886 to 1950 and from 1885 its own postage stamps.
See also
literature
- William Barton: The princes of India . With a Chapter on Nepal. Nisbet, London 1934, (Reprinted edition. Cosmo, New Delhi 1983).
- Andreas Birken : Philatelic Atlas of British India. CD-ROM. Birken, Hamburg 2004.
- Ian Copland: The princes of India in the endgame of empire, 1917-1947 (= Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society. 2). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1997, ISBN 0-521-57179-0 .
- NJ Harkawat: The Indore State Hand Book. The postal history of Indore State 1829-1950. Sat-Prachar, Indore 1973.
- George B. Malleson: An historical sketch of the native states of India. Longmans, Green & Co., London 1875, ( digitized version ).
- Paul E. Roberts: India (= A Historical Geography of the British Dominions. Vol. 7, Part. 1-2). 2 volumes (Vol. 1: History to the End of the East India Company. Vol. 2: History under the Government of the Crown. ). Clarendon Press, Oxford 1916-1923, (Reprinted edition: Historical Geography of India. 2 volumes. Printwell, Jaipur 1995).
- Joseph E. Schwartzberg (Ed.): A historical atlas of South Asia (= Association for Asian Studies. Reference Series. 2). 2nd impression, with additional material. Oxford University Press, New York NY et al. 1992, ISBN 0-19-506869-6 .
