Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh - मध्य प्रदेश

status	State
Capital	Bhopal
founding	1950
surface	308,209 km²
Residents	72,597,565 (2011)
Population density	236 inhabitants per km²
languages	Hindi
governor	Lalji Tandon
Chief Minister	Shivraj Singh Chauhan ( BJP )
Website	www.mp.gov.in
ISO code	IN-MP

Madhya Pradesh ( Hindi मध्य प्रदेश Madhya Pradeś = "middle state") is an Indian federal state with an area of ​​308,209 km² and around 72.6 million inhabitants (2011 census). The capital of Madhya Pradesh is Bhopal . The official language of the state and the mother tongue of more than 87% of the population is Hindi .

The state is one of the poorest and least developed in the country. With a score of 0.577, Madhya Pradesh was ranked 27th among the 29 states of India in the Human Development Index in 2015 .

geography

Narmada near Fort Maheshwar near Indore

In the east of the country the Narmada flows through deep mountain gorges, here the marble rocks near Bhedaghat

Madhya Pradesh borders the states of Maharashtra , Gujarat , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh (clockwise, starting in the south). In terms of area, the state is somewhat smaller than Germany (around 357,000 km²) with around 308,000 km². In terms of area, Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state in India (after Rajasthan).

In Madhya Pradesh, different landscapes can be distinguished. The Narmada flows from east to west in a large river plain . To the north of this is the Vindhya Mountains , a maximum of 850 m high , which merges further northwest into the Malwa plateau. South of the Narmada valley, the Satpura mountain range with the highest mountain in the state ( Dhupkar , approx. 1350 m) runs parallel to the river .

Valley between the Malwa plateau and the Mandu plateau

Biggest cities

(Status: 2011 census)

	city	Residents		city	Residents
1	Indore	1,960,631	8th	Sagar	273.357
2	Bhopal	1,795,648	9	Ratlam	264.810
3	Jabalpur	1,054,336	10	Rewa	235.422
4th	Gwalior	1,053,505	11	Katni ( Murwara )	221.875
5	Ujjain	515.215	12	Singrauli	220.295
6th	Dewas	289,438	13	Burhanpur	210.891
7th	Satna	280.248	14th	Khandwa	200,681
Source: Census of India 2011. (PDF; 154 kB)

population

In terms of population, Madhya Pradesh ranks fifth among the Indian states. The population density of 236 people / km² is significantly lower than the Indian average (382 people / km², 2011 census). 70.6 percent of the population can read and write (men 80.5 percent, women 61 percent). The literacy rate is thus below the national average of 74 percent (as of the 2011 census). The gender ratio is unbalanced: for every 1000 men there are only 931 women (the Indian average is 943). Between 2010 and 2014, the average life expectancy was 64.2 years (the Indian average was 67.9 years), making the state one of the lowest life expectancies in the country. The fertility rate was 2.29 children per woman (as of 2016) while the Indian average was 2.23 children in the same year.

The state has a large tribal population .

Population development

Madhya Pradesh census population (within today's boundaries) since the first Indian census in 1951.

Census year	population
1951	18,615,700
1961	23,218,950
1971	30.017.180
1981	38.169.500
1991	48,566,800
2001	60.385.090
2011	72,597,565

languages

Languages ​​in Madhya Pradesh
language			percent
Hindi			87.32%
Bhili (Bhilodi)			4.93%
Marathi			2.10%
Urdu			1.97%
Gondi			1.53%
Korku			0.62%
Data after the 2001 census

The official state language of Madhya Pradesh is Hindi, which is spoken by almost 90% of the population as their mother tongue. The state is a heartland of the so-called Hindi belt ("Hindi belt") in northern India. Other languages ​​spoken are the Indo-Aryan languages Bhili , Marathi , Urdu (especially by the Muslim population), Dravidian languages such as Gondi or Austro-Asian languages such as Korku . English is present as an administrative and higher educational language, as well as supra-regional communication language, as everywhere in India.

Religions in Madhya Pradesh
religion			percent
Hinduism			90.9%
Islam			6.6%
Other			2.5%
Distribution of religions (2011 census)

Religions

The vast majority of Madhya Pradesh's population are Hindus ; according to the 2011 census, they make up 91 percent of the state's population. There is also a Muslim minority of just under 7 percent who mainly live in the cities. Other religions such as Jainism (0.8 percent), Sikhism and Christianity (0.3 percent each) only play a subordinate role.

history

Madhya Pradesh was created as a federal state in 1950 through the merger of the former British Central Provinces and Berar with the former princely states of Makrai and in the area of ​​Chhattisgarh. The capital was initially Nagpur . In 1956, Madhya Pradesh underwent a major overhaul with the States Reorganization Act . The previously independent states of Bhopal , Madhya Bharat and Vindhya Pradesh came to Madhya Pradesh together with the Rajasthan exclave Sironj . In return, the Marathi- speaking districts ( Vidarbha region ) including the previous capital Nagpur ceded to the state of Bombay . The new capital of Madhya Pradesh then became Bhopal. Another territorial change took place in November 2000 when the southeastern part of the state was separated and organized as the new state of Chhattisgarh .

Cultural history

The area of ​​Madhya Pradesh is a heartland of Indian culture and therefore extremely rich in cultural legacies: The prehistoric rock paintings of Bhimbetka are just as much a part of it as the Buddhist stupas of Sanchi and Bharhut , the Hindu Heliodorus column , the temple caves of Udayagiri near Vidisha and the free-standing ones Gupta temples of Tigawa , Nachna , Eran and Bhumara . Only a little later the more developed temples of Amrol , Naresar , Gyaraspur and Bhojpur were built . The temple district of Khajuraho , recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site , is far better known , but the forts and palaces of Gwalior and Orchha should also be mentioned in this context. The two Chausath Yogini temples of Khajuraho and Bhedaghat are exceptional . Several museums (e.g. in Bhopal , Indore , Gwalior and Jabalpur ) keep sculptures and other testimonies from the heyday of the Indian Middle Ages.

politics

Political system

The legislature of the state of Madhya Pradesh consists of a unicameral parliament , the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly or Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha . The parliament has 231 members, 230 of whom are elected by direct election every five years and one is appointed by the governor to represent the Anglo-Indian minority. Parliament is seated in Bhopal . The Chief Minister of the State of Madhya Pradesh is elected by Parliament. But is appointed by the President of India Governor (at the head of the State Governor ). Its main tasks are to appoint the Chief Minister and to entrust him with the formation of the government. The highest court in Madhya Pradesh is the Madhya Pradesh High Court, with headquarters in Jabalpur and branches in Indore and Gwalior .

In the all-India parliament , Madhya Pradesh has 29 members in the Lok Sabha , the lower house, and eleven seats in the Rajya Sabha , the upper house.

See also : List of Governors of Madhya Pradesh  and List of Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh

Parties

Distribution of seats after the 2018 parliamentary elections
INC	114
BJP	109
E.G	2
SP	1
Independent	4th
total	230

The party politics of Madhya Pradesh is dominated by two supraregional parties, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Since India's independence, the Congress Party has provided most of Madhya Pradesh's governments, and the Hindu nationalist BJP ruled for 15 years without interruption from 2003 to 2018 . In the last parliamentary election on November 28, 2018, the BJP lost its previous majority in parliament and won 109 of the 230 constituencies. The Congress Party won 114 and then formed a government with the support of four independent MPs, two MPs from the Bahujan Samaj Party and one MP from the Samajwadi Party . On December 17, 2018, Kamal Nath was sworn in by the Congress Party as the new Chief Minister. However, his term of office only lasted about 15 months, as a group of 22 MPs split from the Congress Party in March 2020 and joined the BJP. As a result, the government lost its parliamentary majority, Kamal Nath resigned as Chief Minister and Shivraj Singh Chauhan (BJP), who had already held this office from 2005 to 2018, became the new Chief Minister on March 23, 2020 .

In the 2014 all-India parliamentary elections , the nationwide victorious BJP in Madhya Pradesh won 27 out of 29 constituencies in the state. The remaining two constituencies went to the Congress Party. In the subsequent parliamentary election in 2019 , the ratio was 28 to 1 constituencies.

Administrative division

Districts and Divisions

The state of Madhya Pradesh is divided into the ten divisions Bhopal , Chambal , Gwalior , Indore , Jabalpur , Narmadapuram , Riva , Sagar , Shahdol and Ujjain as well as the following 51 districts (population and population density according to the 2011 census):

Division into 10 divisions and 51 districts

No.	District	Administrative headquarters	Area (km²)	Population (2011)	Population density ( inhabitants / km² )
1	Agar Malwa	Agar	2,726	518.324	190
2	Alirajpur	Alirajpur	3,182	728.677	229
3	Anuppur	Anuppur	3,748	749,521	200
4th	Ashoknagar	Ashoknagar	4,668	844.979	181
5	Balaghat	Balaghat	9,245	1,701,156	184
6th	Barwani	Barwani	5,413	1,385,659	256
7th	Betul	Betul	10,033	1,575,247	157
8th	Bhind	Bhind	4,460	1,703,562	382
9	Bhopal	Bhopal	2,773	2,368,145	853
10	Burhanpur	Burhanpur	3,425	756.993	221
11	Chhatarpur	Chhatarpur	8,684	1,762,857	203
12	Chhindwara	Chhindwara	11,810	2,090,306	177
13	Damoh	Damoh	7,305	1,263,703	173
14th	Datia	Datia	2,693	786.375	292
15th	Dewas	Dewas	7.009	1,563,107	223
16	Dhar	Dhar	8,152	2,184,672	268
17th	Dindori	Dindori	7,492	704.218	94
18th	Khandwa	Khandwa	7,356	1,309,443	178
19th	Guna	Guna	6,397	1,240,938	194
20th	Gwalior	Gwalior	4,563	2,030,543	445
21st	Harda	Harda	3,335	570.302	171
22nd	Hoshangabad	Hoshangabad	6,708	1,240,975	185
23	Indore	Indore	3,900	3,272,335	839
24	Jabalpur	Jabalpur	5,213	2,460,714	472
25th	Jhabua	Jhabua	3,593	1,024,091	285
26th	Katni	Katni	4,949	1,291,684	261
27	Mandla	Mandla	5,789	1,053,522	182
28	Mandsaur	Mandsaur	4,557	1,339,832	294
29	Morena	Morena	4,988	1,965,137	394
30th	Narsinghpur	Narsinghpur	5,127	1,092,141	213
31	Neemuch	Neemuch	5,258	825,958	194
32	Panna	Panna	7.155	1,016,028	142
33	Raise	Raise	8,482	1,331,699	157
34	Rajgarh	Rajgarh	6.162	1,546,541	251
35	Ratlam	Ratlam	4,864	1,454,483	299
36	Rewa	Rewa	6.320	2,363,744	374
37	Sagar	Sagar	10,251	2,378,295	232
38	Satna	Satna	7,504	2,228,619	297
39	Sehore	Sehore	6,588	1,311,008	199
40	Seoni	Seoni	8,783	1,378,876	157
41	Shahdol	Shahdol	6,192	1,064,989	172
42	Shajapur	Shajapur	3,469	994.029	286
43	Sheopur	Sheopur	6,615	687,952	104
44	Shivpuri	Shivpuri	10,273	1,725,818	168
45	Sidhi	Sidhi	4,856	1,126,515	232
46	Singrauli	Singrauli	5,664	1,178,132	208
47	Tikamgarh	Tikamgarh	5,052	1,444,920	286
48	Ujjain	Ujjain	6.094	1,986,597	326
49	Umaria	Umaria	4,073	643,579	158
50	Vidisha	Vidisha	7,365	1,458,212	198
51	Khargons	Khargons	8,036	1,872,413	233

Historical development of the district division

New districts established between 1956 and 2013 in what is now Madhya Pradesh: newly formed districts


During the existence of Madhya Pradesh, the number of districts in the area of ​​today's Madhya Pradesh increased from 37 to 51. When considering the total number of districts of Madhya Pradesh, it should be taken into account that the neighboring state of Chhattisgarh also belonged to Madhya Pradesh until 2000 .

The following districts have been newly formed since 1956 (under the States Reorganization Act ):

• September 13, 1972: Bhopal District from parts of Sehore District
• May 22, 1998: Dindori district from parts of the district Mandla and district Sheopur from parts of the district Morena
• May 25, 1998: District Barwani from parts of the District West Nimar, the remainder of West Nimar formed the District Khargone
• May 28, 1998: Katni district from parts of Jabalpur district
• June 30, 1998: Neemuch District from parts of Mandsaur District
• July 2, 1998: District Umaria from parts of Shahdol district and Harda district from parts of the district Hoshangabad
• August 11, 2003: Burhanpur District from parts of East Nimar District; the remainder of East Nimar formed the Khandwa district
• August 15, 2003: District Anuppur from parts of the district Shahdol and Ashoknagar district from parts of the district Guna
• May 17, 2008: Alirajpur District from parts of Jhabua District
• May 24, 2008: Singrauli District from parts of Sidhi District
• August 16, 2013: Agar Malwa District from parts of Shajapur District

Development of the division into divisions

• Creation of the Shahdol division from the Dindori district of the Jabalpur division and three further districts of the Riva division (June 14, 2008)
• Formation of the Narmadapuram division from parts of the Bhopal division (August 27, 2008)

Local self-government

In early 2013 there were 14 Municipal Corporations ( Nagar Nigam ), 86 Municipal Councils ( Nagar Palika Parishad ) and 238 Municipal Committees ( Nagar Panchayats ) in Madhya Pradesh . Furthermore, the number of Village Panchayats was 23,043 as well as the number of Jila (District) Panchayats 50 and Janpad Panchayats / blocks 313.

Municipal Corporations :

• Bhopal
• Burhanpur
• Dewas
• Gwalior
• Indore
• Jabalpur
• Katni
• Khandwa
• Ratlam
• Rewa
• Sagar
• Satna
• Singrauli
• Ujjain

Municipal Councils :

• Amla
• Agar
• Alirajpur
• Ambah
• Ashoknagar
• Ashta
• Badhnagar
• Badhvah
• Baiora
• Balaghat
• Barwani
• Beena Itava
• Begamganj
• Betul
• Bhind
• Chanderi
• Chhatarpur
• Chhindwara
• Dabra
• Damoh
• Datiya
• Devri
• Dhanpuri
• Dhar
• Dongarparasiya
• Gadakota
• Gadarwara
• Ganjbasoda ( Basoda )
• Gohad
• Guna
• Harda
• Hatta
• Hoshangabad
• Itarsi
• Jaora
• Jhabua
• Junnardev
• Kareli
• Khachrod
• Khargons
• Khurai
• Kotma
• Mahidpur
• Maihar
• Malaykhand
• Manavar
• Mandideep
• Mandla
• Mandsaur
• Morena
• Nagda
• Nainpur
• Narsinghgarh
• Narsinghpur ( Narsimhapur )
• Naugaon
• Neemuch
• Nepanagar
• Panagar
• Pandurna
• Panna
• Pasaan
• Peethampur
• Pipariya
• Porsa
• Radhaogarh
• Rahli
• Raise
• Sabalgarh
• Sanavad
• Sarangpur
• Sarni
• Sehore
• Sendhwa
• Seoni
• Seoni Malwa
• Shahdol
• Shajapur
• Sheopur
• Shivpuri
• Shujalpur
• Sidhi
• Sihora
• Sironj
• Tikamgarh
• Umaria
• Vidisha
• Waraseoni

Attractions

• 

  Large stupa from Sanchi (2nd / 1st century BC), Vidisha district

• 

  Kankali Devi Temple at Tigawa (around 420), Jabalpur District

• 

  Kandariya Mahadeva Temple (around 1050), Khajuraho , Chhatarpur District

• 

  Chhatris of Orchha (16th – 19th centuries), Tikamgarh district

Web links

Commons : Madhya Pradesh  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official of the Government of Madhya Pradesh Website (English)
• Discover India: Madhya Pradesh
• Madhya Pradesh Tourism website
• Photos of landmarks in Madhya Pradesh
• Museums in Madhya Pradesh - photos and information

Individual evidence

1. ^ Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab. Retrieved August 12, 2018 . 
2. ^ Indian States by Life Expectancy 2010-2014. (PDF) Retrieved March 19, 2018 . 
3. ^ Fertility Rates. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 18, 2018 ; accessed on March 19, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
4. ^ Population of Indian States | Indian states population 1901-2011 - StatisticsTimes.com. Retrieved March 19, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Percentages according to the 2001 Indian census
6. ↑ Census of India 2011: Population by religious community.
7. ^ Museums in Madhya Pradesh
8. ↑ ^{a b} Kamal Nath sworn in as Madhya Pradesh chief minister. The Times of India, December 17, 2018, accessed December 19, 2018 . 
9. ↑ Rahul Noronha: BJP's Shivraj Singh Chouhan sworn in as Madhya Pradesh CM for fourth time. indiatoday.in, March 22, 2020, accessed on March 26, 2020 . 
10. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Paper 1 of 2011: Madhya Pradesh. (PDF; 2.1 MB)
11. ^ District Census Handbook Bhopal. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
12. ^ District Census Handbook Dindori. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
13. ↑ District Census Handbook Sheopur. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
14. ↑ Welcome to Barwani. Barwani District Administration, accessed December 25, 2017 . 
15. ^ District Census Handbook Katni. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
16. ^ Official Neemuch District Web site , accessed March 2, 2010
17. ^ District Census Handbook Umaria. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
18. ^ District Census Handbook Harda. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
19. ^ District Census Handbook Burhanpur. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
20. ↑ District Census Handbook Anuppur. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
21. ^ District Census Handbook Ashoknagar. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
22. ^ District Census Handbook Alirajpur. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
23. ^ District Census Handbook Singrauli. (PDF) Census of India 2011, accessed on December 25, 2017 . 
24. ↑ Agar-Malwa to be 51st district of Madhya Pradesh. Department of Public Relation Madhy Pradesh, August 14, 2013, accessed September 22, 2015 . 
25. ^ MP State Biodiversity Board

Coordinates: 23 ° 15 '  N , 77 ° 30'  E