Chhattisgarh

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Chhattisgarh - छत्तीसगढ़
Coat of arms of Chhattisgarh.svg
status State
Capital Raipur
founding November 1, 2000
surface 135,000 km²
Residents 25,540,196 (2011)
Population density 189 inhabitants per km²
languages Hindi
governor Anusuiya Uikey
Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel ( INC )
Website chhattisgarh.nic.in
ISO code IN-CT
Nordteil von Arunachal Pradesh: de-facto Indien - von China beansprucht Teilgebiete von Uttarakhand: de-facto Indien - von China beansprucht de-facto China - von Indien beansprucht de-facto China - von Indien beansprucht de-facto Pakistan - von Indien beansprucht de-facto Pakistan - von Indien beansprucht Siachen-Gletscher (umkämpft zwischen Pakistan und Indien) Jammu und Kashmir: de-facto Indien - von Pakistan beansprucht Ladakh: de-facto Indien - von Pakistan beansprucht Malediven Sri Lanka Indonesien Afghanistan Nepal Bhutan Bangladesch Pakistan China Myanmar Thailand Tadschikistan Delhi Goa Dadra und Nagar Haveli und Daman und Diu Tamil Nadu Kerala Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jharkhand Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Telangana Tripura Uttarakhand Uttar Pradesh Westbengalen Andamanen und Nikobaren Lakshadweepmap
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Chhattisgarh ( Hindi छत्तीसगढ़ IAST Chattīsgaṛh [ ʧʰʌttiːsgʌɽʰ ]; literally: "thirty-six fortresses") is an Indian state with an area of ​​135,000 km² and 25.5 million inhabitants (2011 census). The capital of Chhattisgarh is Raipur , but the planned city of Naya Raipur is currently being developed , which will serve as the seat of government in the future.

geography

Chhattisgarh borders the states of Uttar Pradesh , Jharkhand , Odisha , Telangana , Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh (clockwise, starting in the north).

Biggest cities

(Status: 2011 census)

city Residents
Raipur 1,010,433
Bhilai Nagar 625,700
Korba 363,390
Durg 268,806
Bilaspur 265.178
Rajnandgaon 163.114
Raigarh 137.126
Jagdalpur 125,463
Ambikapur 112,449
Bhilai Charoda 98.008
Dhamtari 89,860
Chirmiri 85,317
Bhatapara 57,537
Dalli-Rajhara 44,363

history

After India's independence, a province of Chhattisgarh was formed on August 15, 1947, which was incorporated into the Central Provinces and Berar on January 1, 1948 , which then became part of Madhya Pradesh . The state of Chhattisgarh was formed on November 1, 2000 by a majority vote of both chambers of the federal parliament and the parliament of Madhya Pradesh by splitting off the eastern districts of this state.

Maoist rebels, the Naxalites, are active in the state. The activities of the Naxalites are directed against institutions and representatives of state power. For several years there has been a steady decline in Naxalite activities.

population

Demographics

According to the 2011 Indian census, Chhattisgarh has 25,540,196 inhabitants. The population density is 189 inhabitants per square kilometer, well below the national average. 23.2% of Chhattisgarh's residents live in cities. 71 percent of the population can read and write (men: 1.584 percent, women: 0.66 percent). The literacy rate is thus below the Indian average of 74 percent. Between 2010 and 2014, the average life expectancy was 68.6 years (the Indian average was 67.9 years). The fertility rate was 2.21 children per woman (as of 2016) while the national average was 2.23 children in the same year.

With a value of 0.586, Chhattisgarh achieved 24th place among the 29 states of India in the human development index in 2015 and is thus below average.

Population development

Chhattisgarh census population (within today's boundaries) since the first census in 1951.

Census year population
1951 7,457,700
1961 9,154,330
1971 11,637,800
1981 14.010.110
1991 17,615,600
2001 20,834,530
2011 25,540,196

Adivasi

Adivasi in Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh lies in the heart of the Indian tribal land. The 2001 census recorded 31.8% of the state's population , or around 6.6 million people, as Adivasi . H. Members of the tribal people. In the districts of Dantewada , Bastar , Jashpur , Kanker and Surguja , the majority of the population is Adivasi. The largest tribal peoples are the Gond , who with 3.7 million members make up over half of the tribal population, followed by the Kawar , Oraon , Halba and Bhattra .

The Adivasi used to live withdrawn in inhospitable forest and mountain regions. The development of this area began in the colonial times. The family groups of the Adivasi were pushed out of their settlement areas and the resources of their areas - tropical wood, mineral resources, water supplies - were released for exploitation. While they were free to use forests, rivers and fields during the time of British colonial rule, today these mainly belong to large private landowners or are controlled by the National Mineral Development Corporation . This works closely with the international timber groups.

languages

Languages ​​in Chhattisgarh
language percent
Hindi
  
82.7%
Gondi
  
4.3%
Oriya
  
3.9%
Halabi (Halbi)
  
2.6%
Kurukh (Oraon)
  
2.1%
Bengali
  
1.0%
Other
  
3.4%
Distribution of languages ​​(2001 census)

Chhattisgarh's main language is Hindi , India's national language and the most widely spoken language in the country. According to the 2001 census, 82.7% of the state's residents speak Hindi as their first language. This number also includes the 13.2 million speakers of the Hindi-related regional language Chhattisgarhi , which is classified as a Hindi dialect in official statistics.

Various minor languages ​​are spoken among the tribal population: Gondi , a Dravidian language, is spoken by part of the Gond population (4.3% of the population of Chhattisgarh). The Kurukh (2.1%), which is spoken by the Oraon tribe, also belongs to the Dravidian language family . 3.9% of the state's residents are classified in the census as speakers of Oriya , the language of the neighboring state of Orissa. In fact, these are mostly speakers of the tribal language Bhatri, which is closely related to the Oriya . Also closely related is the halabi spoken by the halba (2.6%).

Hindi is the official language of Chhattisgarh. As everywhere in India, English is ubiquitous as a communication and educational language.

Religions

Religions in Chhattisgarh
religion percent
Hinduism
  
93.2%
Islam
  
2.0%
Christianity
  
1.9%
Other
  
2.9%
Distribution of religions (2011 census)

The vast majority of Chhattisgarh's residents are Hindus : According to the 2011 census, they make up 93 percent of the state's population. Muslims and Christians are small minorities with around 2 percent each.

environment

Deforestation and environmental pollution from the mining of natural resources (especially hard coal) have also narrowed the habitat of wild elephants, which have withdrawn from neighboring Jharkhand into the forests of Chhattisgarh since the 1980s and have increasingly been causing destruction in remote villages since the year 2000 are responsible.

politics

Political system

The Chhattisgarh State Legislature consists of a unicameral parliament , the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly, or Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha . The parliament has 91 members, 90 of whom are elected by direct election every five years and one is appointed by the governor to represent the Anglo-Indian minority. The seat of parliament is in Raipur . The Chhattisgarh State Chief Minister is elected by Parliament. But is appointed by the President of India Governor (at the head of the State Governor ). Its main tasks are to appoint the Chief Minister and to entrust him with the formation of the government. Chhattisgarh's highest court is the Chhattisgarh High Court , based in Bilaspur .

In the all-India parliament , Chhattisgarh has eleven members in the Lok Sabha , the lower house, and five seats in the Rajya Sabha , the upper house.

Parties

Distribution of seats after the
2018 parliamentary elections
INC 68
BJP 15th
E.G 7th
total 90

Chhattisgarh's party politics is dominated by two supraregional parties, the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The first government of the state, founded in 2000, was the Congress Party. The BJP won the new elections in 2003 and then ruled with Chief Minister Raman Singh for the following 15 years.

In the all-India parliamentary elections in 2014 , the nationwide victorious BJP was able to build on its previous successes in Chhattisgarh. The party won all eleven constituencies in the state.

A small sensation in January 2015 was the election of the non-party transsexual ( Hijra ) Madhu Kinnar as mayor of the district capital (see above) Raigarh (approx. 150,000 inhabitants) - with a narrow lead of only 4,500 votes over the BJP candidate.

The election to the parliament of Chhattisgarh on November 12 and 20, 2018 was lost for the BJP. The Congress Party achieved a convincing election victory by winning 68 of the 90 constituencies. The BJP had 15 constituencies and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) had 7 constituencies. On December 17, 2018, Bhupesh Baghel , the congress party's top candidate, was sworn in as the new Chief Minister.

Administrative division

Districts and Divisions

The 27 districts of Chhattisgarh (as of 2014)

The federal state of Chhattisgarh is divided into the five divisions Bastar , Durg , Raipur , Bilaspur , Surguja and the following 27 districts (population and population density according to the 2011 census):

District administrative
seat
Area
[km²]
Population
(2011)
Population
density
[ inhabitants / km² ]
division
Balod * Balod - - - Durg
Balodabazar * Balodabazar - - - Raipur
Balrampur * Balrampur - - - Surguja
Bastar ** Jagdalpur (10,083) (1,411,644) (140) Bastar
Bemetara * Bemetara - - - Durg
Bijapur Bijapur 000000000006543.00000000006,543 000000000255180.0000000000255.180 000000000000039.000000000039 Bastar
Bilaspur ** Bilaspur (8,267) (2,662,077) (322) Bilaspur
Dantewada ** Dantewada (9,030) (532,791) (59) Bastar
Dhamtari Dhamtari 000000000003386.00000000003,386 000000000799199.0000000000799.199 000000000000236.0000000000236 Raipur
Durg ** Durg (8,550) (3,343,079) (391) Durg
Garment band * Garment tape - - - Raipur
Janjgir-Champa Naila-Janjgir 000000000003849.00000000003,849 000000001620632.00000000001,620,632 000000000000421.0000000000421 Bilaspur
Jashpur Jashpur 000000000005836.00000000005,836 000000000852043.0000000000852.043 000000000000146.0000000000146 Surguja
Kabirdham *** Kawardha 000000000004217.00000000004,217 000000000822239.0000000000822.239 000000000000195.0000000000195 Durg
Kanker Kanker 000000000006510.00000000006,510 000000000748593.0000000000748,593 000000000000115.0000000000115 Bastar
Condagaon * Condagaon - - - Bastar
Korba Korba 000000000006593.00000000006,593 000000001206563.00000000001,206,563 000000000000183.0000000000183 Bilaspur
Koriya Baikunthpur 000000000006590.00000000006,590 000000000659039.0000000000659.039 000000000000100.0000000000100 Surguja
Mahasamund Mahasamund 000000000004779.00000000004,779 000000001032275.00000000001,032,275 000000000000216.0000000000216 Raipur
Mungeli * Mungeli - - - Bilaspur
Narayanpur Narayanpur 000000000007010.00000000007,010 000000000140206.0000000000140.206 000000000000020.000000000020th Bastar
Raigarh Raigarh 000000000007079.00000000007,079 000000001493627.00000000001,493,627 000000000000211.0000000000211 Bilaspur
Raipur ** Raipur (13,104) (4,062,160) (310) Raipur
Rajnandgaon Rajnandgaon 000000000008050.00000000008,050 000000001537520.00000000001,537,520 000000000000191.0000000000191 Durg
Sukma * Sukma - - - Bastar
Surajpur * Surajpur - - - Surguja
Surguja ** Ambikapur (15,742) (2,361,329) (150) Surguja

* Newly founded after the 2011 census, figures are not available.
** Reduced in size after the 2011 census due to the splitting off of new districts, figures refer to the district within the boundaries of 2011.
*** In 2003, name changed from Kawardha to Kabirdham.

Local self-government

At the beginning of 2015, Chhattisgarh had 10 Municipal Corporations ( Nagar Nigam ), 44 Municipal Councils ( Nagar Palika Parishad ) and 113 Nagar Panchayats .

Municipal Corporations :

Municipal Councils :

*** Bhilai Charoda, Birgaon, Dhamtari and Mahasamund were promoted to municipal corporations after 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Chhattisgarh  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Chhattisgarh  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.nayaraipur.com/
  2. Census of India 2011: Distribution of population, sex ratio, density and decadal growth rate of population: 2011 ( Memento of April 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals - India - Rural-Urban Distribution. (PDF file; 7.7 MB)
  4. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - India. Chapter 3 (Literates and Literacy Rate) (PDF; 2.7 MB).
  5. ^ Indian States by Life Expectancy 2010-2014. (PDF) Retrieved March 19, 2018 .
  6. ^ Fertility Rates. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 18, 2018 ; accessed on March 19, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / 164.100.47.234
  7. ^ Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab. Retrieved August 12, 2018 .
  8. ^ Population of Indian States | Indian states population 1901-2011 - StatisticsTimes.com. Retrieved March 19, 2018 .
  9. Census of India 2001: Chhattisgarh. Data highlights: The Scheduled Tribes. (PDF file; 40 kB)
  10. Indian census 2001
  11. Census of India 2011: Population by religious community.
  12. Rakesh K. Singh: Elephants in Exile. A Rapid Assessment of the Human-Elephant Conflict in Chhattisgarh. Wildlife Trust of India, Occasional Report No. January 5, 2002.
  13. a b Chhattisgarh Election results. Times of India, accessed December 13, 2018 .
  14. Article "Transsexual Mayoress"
  15. Bhupesh Baghel takes oath as the chief minister of Chhattisgarh. The Economic Times, December 17, 2018, accessed December 17, 2018 .
  16. ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Paper 1 of 2011: Chhattisgarh. (PDF file; 184 kB)
  17. answerkeyresults2015.in ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / answerkeyresults2015.in
  18. Chhattisgarh State Election Commission ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cgsec.gov.in

Coordinates: 21 ° 6 ′  N , 81 ° 24 ′  E