Jammu and Kashmir (Union Territory)

Jammu and Kashmir

status	Union Territory
Capital	Srinagar and Jammu
surface	42,241 km²
Residents	12,258,433 (2011)
Population density	290.2 inhabitants per km²
languages	Urdu , Hindi , English
governor	GC Murmu
ISO code	IN-JK

Jammu and Kashmir has been a Union Territory of India since October 31, 2019 . Previously it was part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir of the same name and took up almost half of its area and a large part of its population. The area is part of the disputed region of Kashmir under international law and was created as part of a territorial reorganization of the area, in which the existing state of Jammu and Kashmir was divided.

The government has its seat in Srinagar in summer and in Jammu in winter, which was already the case in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. According to the 2011 census, the population is 12.3 million people. The area is one of the regions of India with a Muslim majority.

According to the official Indian point of view, Asad Kashmir ("Free Kashmir") , which is under Pakistani control, belongs to the Union territory.

geography

Valley at Pahalgam

Jammu and Kashmir border (clockwise, starting in the south) with the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and the Punjab , the Pakistani province of Punjab of the same name , the semi-autonomous Pakistani Asad Kashmir , the Pakistani Gilgit-Baltistan and the Union territory of Ladakh . The area is divided into two regions. In the western part lies the Kashmir region with a predominantly Muslim population and Srinagar as the center. The southern region is Jammu, which has a predominantly Hindu population.

Cities with over 30,000 inhabitants

Srinagar Jammu Anantnag Sopore Baramulla Kathua Bandipore Udhampur Ladakh Himachal Pradesh Asad Kash- me Gilgit-Baltistan PAKISTAN

Biggest places in Jammu and Kashmir

(Status: 2011 census)

city	Residents
Srinagar	1,180,570
Jammu	502.197
Anantnag	109,433
Sopore	61,098
Baramulla	58,053
Kathua	51.991
Bandipore	37,081
Udhampur	35,507

Administrative division

Divisions and Districts

The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is divided into the following 20 districts (data from the 2011 census): which are divided into two divisions .

division		District	Administrative seat	Area (km²)	Population (2011)	Population density Ew./km²
	Jammu	Kathua	Kathua	2,651	615.711	246
		Jammu	Jammu	2,342	1,526,406	653
		samba	samba	904	318,611	353
		Udhampur	Udhampur	2,637	555.357	210
		Reasi	Reasi	1,719	314.714	183
		Rajouri	Rajouri	2,630	619.266	244
		Punch	Punch	1,674	476.820	285
		Doda	Doda	2,306	409,576	178
		Ramban	Ramban	1,329	283,313	213
		Kishtwar	Kishtwar	7,737	231.037	30th
	Jammu overall		Jammu	25,929	5,350,811	206
	cashmere	Anantnag	Anantnag	3,574	1,069,749	302
		Kulgam	Kulgam	410	423.181	1035
		Pulwama	Pulwama	1,086	570.060	516
		Shopian	Shopian	312	265.960	853
		Badgam	Badgam	1,361	755.331	554
		Srinagar	Srinagar	1,979	1,250,173	625
		Ganderbal	Ganderbal	1,045	297.003	285
		Bandipore	Bandipore	345	385.099	1137
		Baramulla	Baramulla	4,243	1,015,503	238
		Kupwara	Kupwara	2,379	875,564	366
	Kashmir as a whole		Srinagar	16,351	6,907,622	433
total				42.241	12,258,433	290

history

For the history of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu up to 1947 see Kashmir . For the history of the state of Kashmir and Jammu up to 2019, see Jammu and Kashmir (state) .

The formation of the new Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir was implemented in the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act 2019 , which came into force on August 9, 2019. The state of Jammu and Kashmir was hereby divided into the two union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh with effect from October 31, 2019. The measure was justified with the ongoing unrest in the region in the context of the Kashmir conflict . The region's autonomy and special rights were thereby abolished and the area was directly subordinated to the Indian government, after it had previously deposed the chief minister of the state government and declared a state of emergency. The abolition of regional autonomy led to protests abroad, including in Pakistan and the People's Republic of China , who lay claims to the area. In August 2019, Pakistan cut all formal trade relations with India in protest. Protests also broke out among the people of Kashmir.

On October 31, 2019, the first Lieutenant Governor GC Murmu took office.

politics

The former state of Jammu and Kashmir was granted a special status by Article 370 of the Constitution of India. In contrast to other states in India, Jammu and Kashmir had their own constitution, flag and administrative autonomy. Indians from other states were not allowed to purchase land or property in Jammu and Kashmir. With the formation of the Union Territory, these laws were repealed. The territory of the Union of Jammu and Kashmir is now administered under Article 239 of the Constitution of India .

The central government representative is a lieutenant governor appointed by the President of India. The legislature is a unicameral assembly with a term of office of five years. The Legislative Assembly may legislate on any matter listed in the State List of the Constitution of India with the exception of the areas of public order and police, which are reserved for the Central Government of India. The former state of Jammu and Kashmir was divided into 87 constituencies for the regional parliament. 24 further constituencies were in the Pakistani part of Jammu and Kashmir, so that the state had 111 constituencies according to the Indian official interpretation. Of these, 83 were in the territory of the later Indian Union territory and 4 in the Ladakh region. A law introduced into Lok Sabha on August 5, 2019 stipulated that the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir should in future have 90 constituencies after a new division of constituencies. In addition, according to the official count, there are 24 constituencies in the Pakistani part, but they always remain vacant.

A council of ministers, headed by a prime minister, is appointed by the lieutenant governor from the center of the legislative assembly. Its role is to advise the lieutenant governor in the performance of his duties on matters that are within the jurisdiction of the legislative assembly. In other matters, the lieutenant governor has the authority to act on his own responsibility. The lieutenant governor will also have the power to make ordinances having the same power as the laws of the legislative assembly.

The Union territory remains under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Jammu and Kashmir, which will also serve as the Supreme Court for Ladakh. Police services will continue to be provided by the existing police force in Jammu and Kashmir.

Elections for the Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir will take place after new constituency boundaries are set, which is expected to be completed in 2021.

See also : List of Lieutenant Governors of Jammu and Kashmir

Web links

Commons : Jammu and Kashmir  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Article 370 revoked Updates: Jammu & Kashmir is now a Union Territory, Lok Sabha passes bifurcation bill .
2. ↑ Bharti Jain: Govt releases new political map of India showing UTs of J&K, Ladakh on timesofindia.indiatimes.com of November 2, 2019, accessed on November 24, 2019
3. ↑ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Abstract - Jammu & Kashmir. (PDF; 774 kB)
4. ↑ THE JAMMU AND KASHMIR REORGANIZATION ACT, 2019 . In: The Gazette of India . No. 34 . New Delhi August 9, 2019, p. 1–55 (English, PDF ).
5. ↑ India has two new states. Retrieved November 22, 2019 . 
6. ^ Mubarak Zeb Khan: Pakistan formally suspends trade with India. August 10, 2019, accessed on November 22, 2019 . 
7. ↑ Britta Petersen, Delhi: Kashmir: India provokes with the lifting of the special status . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . ( nzz.ch [accessed on November 22, 2019]).
8. ↑ Article 370 and 35 (A) revoked: How it would change the face of Kashmir. The Economic Times, August 5, 2019, accessed November 22, 2019 . 
9. ^ New J&K Union Territory to have 7 more assembly seats after delimitation. The Economic Times, December 21, 2019, accessed December 21, 2019 . 
10. ^ ^{A b} Jammu & Kashmir Reorganization Bill passed by Rajya Sabha: Key takeaways. In: The Indian Express. August 5, 2019, accessed on November 22, 2019 (en-IN). 

Coordinates: 33 ° 30 '  N , 75 ° 0'  E