Jharkhand
status | State |
Capital | Ranchi |
founding | November 15, 2000 |
surface | 79,722 km² |
Residents | 32,966,238 (2011) |
Population density | 414 inhabitants per km² |
languages | Hindi |
governor | Draupadi Murmu |
Chief Minister | Hemant Soren ( JMM ) |
Website | jharkhand.nic.in |
ISO code | IN-JH |
Jharkhand ( Hindi : झारखंड, Jhārkhaṇḍ, [ ʤʰɑːrkʰʌɳɖ ]) is an Indian state with an area of 79,722 km² and about 33 million inhabitants (2011 census).
The capital is the industrial city of Ranchi . The most important coal mining areas in India are located in Jharkhand. The highest mountain in Jharkhand is Parasnath at 1,365 m , an important pilgrimage site of the Jain religious community .
geography
Jharkhand borders the states of Bihar , West Bengal , Odisha , Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh (clockwise, starting in the north).
Biggest cities
(Status: 2011 census)
city | Residents | city | Residents | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dhan bath | 1,161,561 | 6th | Deoghar | 203.116 |
2 | Ranchi | 1,073,440 | 7th | Adityapur | 173.988 |
3 | Jamshedpur | 629,659 | 8th | Hazaribag | 142,494 |
4th | Bokaro Steel City | 413.934 | 9 | Chas | 141,618 |
5 | mango | 224.002 | 10 | Giridih | 114,447 |
Source: Census of India 2011. (PDF; 154 kB) |
population
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Jharkhand has 32,966,238 inhabitants. The population density of 414 inhabitants per square kilometer is slightly above the overall Indian average. 24.1% of Jharkhand's residents live in cities. Among the state's population, members of the tribal population ( Adivasi ) make up a significant minority at 26.3% (2001 census). The largest of the 30 tribes counted in Jharkhand are the Santal , Oraon , Munda , Ho , Kharia , Bhumij , Lohra and Kharwar .
67.6 percent of the residents of Jharkhand can read and write (men: 78.5 percent, women: 56.2 percent). The literacy rate is thus below the Indian average of 74 percent. In the period from 2010 to 2014, the average life expectancy was 66.6 years (the Indian average was 67.9 years). The fertility rate was 2.53 children per woman (as of 2016) while the Indian average was 2.23 children in the same year. Jharkhand is one of the less developed states in India. With a score of 0.578, Jharkhand was ranked 25th among 29 Indian states in the Human Development Index in 2015 .
Population development
Jharkhand census population (within today's limits) since the first census in 1951.
Census year | population |
---|---|
1951 | 9,697,300 |
1961 | 11,606,504 |
1971 | 14,227,493 |
1981 | 17,612,000 |
1991 | 21,844,550 |
2001 | 26,946,070 |
2011 | 32,966,238 |
languages
Languages in Jharkhand | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
language | percent | |||
Hindi | 57.7% | |||
Santali | 10.7% | |||
Bengali | 9.7% | |||
Urdu | 8.6% | |||
Kurukh (Oraon) | 3.2% | |||
Mundari | 3.2% | |||
Ho | 2.9% | |||
Oriya | 1.7% | |||
Kharia | 0.5% | |||
Other | 1.8% | |||
Distribution of languages (2001 census) |
According to the 2001 census, 57.7% of Jharkhand's population speak Hindi as their first language. Most of them are speakers of languages from the Bihari group (including Bhojpuri , Maithili , Khortha , Nagpuri , Kurmali and Panchpargania ). These regional languages, which are closely related to Hindi, are officially counted as Hindi dialects by the Indian government. Among the Muslims of Jharkhand, Urdu , the Muslim variant of Hindi, is widespread with 8.6%. In the border area with West Bengal and Orissa, Bengali (9.7%) and Oriya (1.7%), the respective languages of these states, are spoken. All languages mentioned belong to the Indo-Aryan language group. Non-Indo-Aryan languages are common among the tribal people. These include the Munda languages Santali (10.7%), Mundari (3.2%), Ho (2.9%) and Kharia (0.5%) as well as the Dravidian language Kurukh (3.2%).
The official language of Jharkhand is Hindi. In addition, since 2011 Bengali, Oriya, the Bihari dialects Nagpuri, Panchpargania, Khortha and Kurmali as well as the tribal languages Santali, Ho, Kurukh, Mundari and Kharia have the status of associated official languages. As in all of India, English is ubiquitous as a communication and educational language.
Religions
Religions in Jharkhand | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
religion | percent | |||
Hinduism | 67.8% | |||
Islam | 14.5% | |||
Christianity | 4.3% | |||
Other | 13.4% | |||
Distribution of religions (2011 census) |
According to the 2011 census, around 68% of Jharkhand's residents are Hindu and around 15% Muslim . Especially in the cities there are minorities of Jains , Sikhs , Buddhists and Christians (each about 0.5 to 3%). A small percentage of the population in the tribal areas still practices animistic beliefs; however, some of them converted to Christianity.
history
The history of Jharkhand has long been closely linked to the history of today's neighboring Bihar , from which it was spun off in 2000: Bihar formed its own powerful empire in the Middle Ages and was incorporated into the Mughal Empire after 1525 , from which it was transferred to the British East Indies in 1765. Released company . At that time Bihar corresponded to its location after the old kingdom Magadha (with the capital Pataliputra ), where the founder of Buddhism in the 6th century BC First presented his teaching; it was thus the oldest and for a long time the main seat of the Buddhist religion. Many religious buildings were built that have been neglected under the emerging Brahmanism since the 8th century and destroyed with the advance of Islam in the 13th century.
politics
Political system
Jharkhand was formed on November 15, 2000 from the southern part of Bihar State . The federal state parliament (Vidhan Sabha) comprises 81 elected members, who are elected in as many individual constituencies for 5 years according to relative majority voting. If a member of parliament leaves prematurely, there is a by-election in the constituency concerned. Another MP is appointed by the governor to represent the Anglo-Indian minority.
Parties
Distribution of seats after the 2019 parliamentary elections |
|
---|---|
JMM | 30th |
BJP | 25th |
JVM (P) | 3 |
AJSU | 2 |
INC | 16 |
E.G | 1 |
CPI (ML) L | 1 |
RJD | 1 |
NCP | 1 |
Independent | 2 |
Anglo-Indians | 1 |
total | 82 |
In the first decade of its existence, the state was marked by relative political instability. No political party got anywhere near a majority in elections, so different coalition governments had to be formed. In the 10 years between 2000 and 2010 there were a total of 6 changes in the office of Chief Minister . The most important parties are the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the left-centrist Congress Party (INC) and the regional party Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM). There are also smaller regional parties, such as the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU) and the Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik) (JVM (P)). Traditionally, the communist parties are relatively strong. Several underground Maoist organizations, the Naxalites , operate in the region , who claim to be fighting for the rights of poor peasants and carrying out acts of sabotage against state institutions and attacks on state representatives.
In 2013 there was a grand coalition of JMM, the Congress Party and the RJD. On July 13, 2013, Hemant Soren was elected Chief Minister by the JMM. No party won an absolute majority in the 2014 general election in Jharkhand. The strongest party by seats was the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which won 37 out of 81 constituencies with 29.5% of the vote and thus achieved significant gains. The second strongest party was JMM with 20.4% of the vote and 19 seats. After that, a coalition of BJP and the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU) was formed. On December 28, 2014, Raghubar Das (BJP) was elected Chief Minister. In the following parliamentary election in Jharkhand from November 30 to December 20, 2019, the BJP was defeated by a coalition of JMM, Congress Party and RJD. A coalition government was then formed from the parties mentioned and on December 29, 2019, Hemant Soren was sworn in as Chief Minister for the second time.
Administrative division
The state of Jharkhand is divided into the following 24 districts (population and population density according to the 2011 census):
District | Administrative headquarters | surface | Population (2011) |
Population density |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bokaro | Bokaro Steel City | 2,880 km² | 2,061,918 | 716 inhabitants / km² |
Chatra | Chatra | 3,790 km² | 1,042,304 | 275 inhabitants / km² |
Deoghar | Deoghar | 2,478 km² | 1,491,879 | 602 inhabitants / km² |
Dhan bath | Dhan bath | 2,089 km² | 2,682,662 | 1,284 inhabitants / km² |
Dumka | Dumka | 4,404 km² | 1,321,096 | 300 inhabitants / km² |
Garhwa | Garhwa | 4,044 km² | 1,322,387 | 327 inhabitants / km² |
Giridih | Giridih | 4,920 km² | 2,445,203 | 497 inhabitants / km² |
Godda | Godda | 2,108 km² | 1,311,382 | 622 inhabitants / km² |
Gumla | Gumla | 5,315 km² | 1,025,656 | 193 inhabitants / km² |
Hazaribagh | Hazaribagh | 4,303 km² | 1,734,005 | 403 inhabitants / km² |
Jamtara | Jamtara | 1,800 km² | 790.207 | 439 inhabitants / km² |
Khunti | Khunti | 2,467 km² | 530.299 | 215 inhabitants / km² |
Kodarma | Kodarma | 1,680 km² | 717.169 | 427 inhabitants / km² |
Latehar | Latehar | 3,628 km² | 725.673 | 200 inhabitants / km² |
Lohardaga | Lohardaga | 1,489 km² | 461.738 | 310 people / km² |
Pakur | Pakur | 1,806 km² | 899.200 | 498 inhabitants / km² |
Palamu | Daltonganj | 5,082 km² | 1,936,319 | 381 inhabitants / km² |
Pashchimi Singhbhum | Chaibasa | 7,185 km² | 1,501,619 | 209 inhabitants / km² |
Purbi Singhbhum | Jamshedpur | 3,536 km² | 2,291,032 | 648 inhabitants / km² |
Ramgarh | Ramgarh Cantonment | 1,388 km² | 949.159 | 684 inhabitants / km² |
Ranchi | Ranchi | 5,228 km² | 2,912,022 | 557 inhabitants / km² |
Sahibganj | Sahibganj | 1,599 km² | 1,150,038 | 719 inhabitants / km² |
Seraikela Kharsawan | Seraikela | 2,727 km² | 1,063,458 | 390 people / km² |
Simdega | Simdega | 3,749 km² | 599,813 | 160 people / km² |
Web links
- Official website of the government of Jharkhand
- Country portrait of Jharkhand by Christoph S. Sprung at suedasien.info
- Renewed BJP government in Jharkhand, at suedasien.info
Individual evidence
- ↑ Census of India 2011: Distribution of population, sex ratio, density and decadal growth rate of population: 2011 ( Memento of April 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals - India - Rural-Urban Distribution. (PDF; 8.1 MB)
- ↑ Census of India 2001: Jharkhand. Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes (English; PDF; 40 kB)
- ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - India. Chapter 3 (Literates and Literacy Rate) (PDF; 2.7 MB).
- ^ Indian States by Life Expectancy 2010-2014. Retrieved March 19, 2018 .
- ^ Fertility Rates. (pdf) Archived from the original on June 18, 2018 ; accessed on March 19, 2018 (English).
- ^ Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab. Retrieved August 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Indian census 2001
- ↑ Bihar Days: Jharkhand's 11 second languages will create new jobs: but also enrich national culture, September 7, 2011.
- ↑ Census of India 2011: Population by religious community.
- ↑ GENERAL ELECTION TO VIDHAN SABHA TRENDS & RESULT DEC-2019. Indian Electoral Commission, accessed December 23, 2019 .
- ↑ BJP's non-tribal face in Jharkhand, Raghubar Das, sworn in as CM. firstpost.com, December 28, 2014, accessed June 18, 2016 .
- ↑ Anindita Sanyal: Election Results: JMM-Congress Unseats BJP In Jharkhand, PM Says "Best Wishes": 10 Points. December 23, 2019, accessed December 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Hemant Soren takes oath as 11th chief minister of Jharkhand. The Times of India, December 29, 2019, accessed December 29, 2019 .
- ^ Census of India 2011: Provisional Population Totals. Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand. (PDF; 2.1 MB)
Coordinates: 23 ° 24 ' N , 85 ° 18' E