Burhanpur
| Burhanpur | |||
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| State : |
 India
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| State : | Madhya Pradesh | ||
| District : | Burhanpur | ||
| Location : | 21 ° 19 ′ N , 76 ° 14 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 250 m | ||
| Area : | 12.67 km² | ||
| Residents : | 210,886 (2011) | ||
| Population density : | 16,645 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Website : | Burhanpur | ||
 in the Shahi Qila Fort |
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Burhanpur is a major Indian city with about 220,000 inhabitants in the south of the state of Madhya Pradesh near the border with Maharashtra . Burhanpur is the capital of the district of the same name .
location
Burhanpur is located on the Tapti River about 340 km (driving distance) southwest of the city of Bhopal at an altitude of about 250 m above sea level. d. M. The city of Aurangabad (Maharashtra) is another 225 km to the southwest. By Indian standards, the climate is rather moderate; Rain (approx. 810 mm / year) falls almost exclusively in the summer monsoon months .
population
Official population statistics have only been kept and published since 1991.
| year | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Residents | 172.710 | 193.725 | 210.886 |
The population of Burhanpur consists mainly of Muslims (approx. 50.5%) and Hindus (approx. 45.5%); the remaining 4% are made up of Jains , Sikhs , Christians and Buddhists . As is common with Indian censuses, the male population exceeds the female population by around 5%. Mostly Hindi is spoken .
economy
Traditionally, agriculture in the surrounding villages still forms the basis of all economic activity, with the cultivation of cotton and its processing into fabrics and textiles playing an important role in the entire district. At the end of the 20th century a factory for the manufacture of tubes was built.
history
During excavations in the fort area ( Shahi Qila ) and in the fortress Asirgarh located about 20 km to the north, finds from pre-Christian times were made. However, the year 1380 is considered to be the city's founding year, when a sultan of the Faruqi dynasty, ruling over the Sultanate of Khandesh (today roughly the same area as the Khandesh district in northwestern Maharashtra ), discovered the favorable location over a bend in the Tapti River and discovered the place as the capital of the Sultanate. The place was named after the Muslim Sufi saint Burhan-ud-Din . In the 15th century, the Sultan Miran Adil Khan II (r. 1457–1501) equipped the place with an abundance of buildings. Burhanpur became an important trading center and location for textile manufacturing. One year after taking office, Raja Ali Khan (ruled 1576–1596) nominally submitted to the supremacy of the Mughals, who wanted to use the city as a strategic place for the further subjugation of the Deccan . His son Bahadur Khan (r. 1596–1600) did not recognize the Mughal ruler Akbar I as his liege lord, whereupon he sent an army and was able to take the city on April 8, 1600 without bloodshed. In 1601 Akbar officially annexed the sultanate and made his son Parviz its governor ( subahdar ). The later Mughal rulers, above all Shah Jahan , who had been appointed governor of the Deccan by his father Jahangir , often stayed in the city where Mumtaz Mahal , Shah Jahan's favorite wife, was born in 1631 when she was 14. Child died. Aurangzeb's sons Muhammad Azam Shah and Alam Shah, who later became Mughal Mughal Bahadur Shah I , were born here.
In 1681 the Hindu marath ruler Sambhaji , the son and successor of Shivaji , conquered the city and had its Muslim population cruelly tortured and killed. The glamorous palaces and the harbor were also destroyed. A few years later, Aurangzeb succeeded in capturing Sambhaji and executing him for the atrocities committed in Burhanpur. Later the city came to the realm of the Scindia dynasty ruling in Gwalior and afterwards it fell to the British , who conquered it in the Second Marath War in 1803 and called it Brampore from then on . As part of the geographical reorganization of India after independence in 1947, Burhanpur came to Madhya Pradesh .
Attractions
In Burhanpur and its surroundings there are numerous tombs, memorials and mosques from the Mughal period.
place
- The most important attraction of Burhanpur is the old fort ( Shahi Qila ) from the 15th and 16th centuries, located above the river , which was destroyed by the Marathas in 1681. Its huge, partially four-story substructures have been preserved and give an impression of the construction technology of the time. In the fort area itself, the ruins of the former audience hall ( Diwan-i-Khas ) and the women's baths ( Zenana Hamam ) are of interest.
- Below the fort on the banks of the Tapti is the Rajghat - a place sacred to the Hindus with several small temples and memorial buildings.
- With its Bengali roofs and its typical look with decorative fields etc. for the Mughal period, the red and white painted Shanwara Gate is one of the few gateways from the city's past.
- The two mosques Kali Masjid and Bibi Ki Masjid are only a few meters apart. They date from the time of the Faruqi dynasty, but were thoroughly restored after the Marathi raid.
- The Friday Mosque ( Jama Masjid ) was built by order of Adil Shah Faruqi in the years 1590–95; it is the main mosque of the city and stands in the center near the Gandhi Chowk . Mostly dark stone was used in their construction.
- A visit to the Sikh temple ( Gurdwara Bari Sangit ) is also recommended.
- Approx. The mausoleums of the Faruqi sultans and their families are located 2 km northeast of the city center. The grave monuments of Nadir Shah and Adil Shah with their perfectly crafted Jali windows should be emphasized .
- Only about 1 km away is one of the most beautiful and original tombs of the Mughal period - the Bilquis Begum Tomb built by Shah Shuja , a son of Shah Jahan, in honor of his deceased wife . The comparatively small interior is decorated over and over with flower paintings, etc.; in the middle is a white marble kenotaph .
- Approx. 3 km northwest of the city center is the Dargah-e-Hakini Complex , which belongs to the Ismaili sect of the Dawudi Bohras . There are several smaller tombs, a mosque and a comfortable modern pilgrim hostel.
Surroundings
- The Raja Ki Chhatri , about 6 km outside Burhanpur, is an open-sided memorial building in honor of Raja Jai Singh I , the longtime leader of Aurangzeb's troops in the Deccan, who was possibly poisoned in 1667 on the orders of the Great Mogul in Burhanpur.
- The gardens, called Mahal Gulara , were built by Shah Jahan and are located about 21 km outside the city.
- In an impressive location in the Satpura Mountains about 22 km north of Burhanpur is the Asirgarh Fort of the Faruqi Sultans, which is about 700 m high and is still impressive despite its ruinous condition. Inside the fort there is a small mosque and a Shiva temple.
- The Ichha Devi Temple is dedicated to a locally revered Hindu deity and attracts many visitors.
Web links
- Burhanpur, attractions - Photos and information (English)
- Burhanpur, attractions - Photos and information (English)
- Burhanpur - Historical prints + photos
- Burhanpur, sights - photo + information (English)
- Burhanpur, attractions - Photos and information (English)
- Burhanpur and the surrounding area, attractions - Photos and information (English)
