Bahadur Shah I.
Muazzam Bahadur Shah (born October 14, 1643 in Burhanpur ; died February 27, 1712 near Lahore ), also Shah Alam I , was the eldest son of Aurangzeb and 7th Great Mughal of India from 1707 to 1712. His full name was Qutb ud- Din Muhammad Mu'azzam .
Life
Unlike his younger stepbrother Muhammad Azam Shah , Shah Alam was not descended from Aurangzeb's first wife, the Persian princess Dilras Banu Begum (also known as " Rabia Daurana "), but from Nawab Bai , a Hindu princess. Later conflicts were already mapped out by their different origins.
From Aurangzeb he was appointed governor ( subahdar ) of the northwest provinces of the vast Mughal empire . In Punjab he maintained an almost friendly relationship with Guru Gobind Singh , the 10th and last spiritual leader of the Sikhs , who supported him militarily during the struggle for the throne of 1707.
In contrast to his father, Shah Alam was considered liberal in religious matters and so no destruction of temples in his respective territory has come to light during his life. On the other hand, he was too mediocre and weak-willed to get in the way of his father during his lifetime.
In the year Aurangzeb died (1707), his younger stepbrother Muhammad Azam Shah took power, but he was militarily defeated and killed in June 1707 near Agra . At the age of 63, Alam Shah ascended the Mughal throne as Bahadur Shah I. On many trips he explored his country; however, he did not rule long enough to consolidate the state again and tried to come to terms with the Rajput princes and the Marathas without much success . After his death in 1712 at Lahore , his body was after Delhi transferred, where he near Shah Alam II. (R. 1759-1806) and his son Akbar Shah II. (R. 1806-1837) in the district of Mehrauli buried is. Under his son Jahandar Shah and his successors, with murders, rebellions and the associated courtly amusements, the final dissolution of the Mughal empire began, which was first partially taken over by the Marathas and the Scindias , then gradually by the British .
progeny
His son Jahandar Shah and four of his grandchildren became Mughals of India according to the official census.
See also
literature
- Bamber Gascoigne: The Mughals. Splendor and greatness of Mohammedan princes in India. Prisma-Verlag, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-570-09930-X .
- Stephan Conermann: The Mughal Empire. History and Culture of Muslim India. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-53603-4 .
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Aurangzeb |
Mughal Mughal of India 1707–1712 |
Jahandar Shah |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bahadur Shah I. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Muazzam Bahadur Shah (full name); Shah Alam I. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Indian mogul |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 14, 1643 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Burhanpur |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 27, 1712 |
| Place of death | at Lahore |