Muhammad Azam Shah
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Muhammad Azam Shah (born June 28, 1653 in Burhanpur ; died June 8, 1707 near Agra ) was the second eldest son and short-term successor to the 6th Mughal ruler Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707). His full name was Padshah-i-Mumalik Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam Shah-i-Ali Jah Ghazi .
Life
Through his father Aurangzeb he was descended from the Mongolian Timurids , through his mother from the Persian Safavids . Azam Shah's mother was originally from Persia and died after his birth four years Princess Dilras Banu Begum , the honor that in Aurangabad located Bibi-ka-Maqbara mausoleum was built. He had four birth and several step-siblings, some of whom, however, died in childhood. In 1669 he married his cousin, the Persian princess Jahanzeb Banu Begum ; twelve years later he got his third and final marriage to Shahar Banu Begum , daughter of Ali Adil Shah II , the Sultan of Bijapur .
In 1678 Muhammad Azam Shah had been appointed governor ( subahdar ) of Berar , Malwa and Bengal by his father Aurangzeb ; in Assam he conquered the formerly important region of Kamarupa and laid the foundation stone for the Lalbagh Fort in Dacca (today Bangladesh ). However, he was ordered back in 1679, after which the Marathas seized the regions of Berar and Malwa. On August 12, 1681 he was raised to the throne ( Shahi Ali Jah ) by his father .
In 1685 his father sent him on a campaign to Bijapur at the head of a 50,000-strong army, because Ali Adil Shah's successor, Sikandar Adil Shah , had refused to recognize the Mughal ruler as overlord. However, Azam Shah did not succeed in taking the city, so that the almost 70-year-old Aurangzeb felt compelled to go to the battlefield the following year - eight days later the city surrendered; Sikander Adil Shah died shortly afterwards from the wounds he had suffered in battle.
From 1701 to 1706 Azam Shah held the office of governor of Gujarat . In February 1707, d. H. Shortly before his death, Aurangzeb, fearing wars for the throne, decided to send Azam Shah to Malwa and his stepbrother Muhammad Kam Baksh to Bijapur. He died a few days later and Azam Shah declared himself ruler of the Mughal Empire. In June 1707, however, he and his son were defeated and killed in a battle near Agra by his other stepbrother Qutb ud-Din Muhammad Mu'azzam , who later became Mughal Mughal Bahadur Shah I.
tomb
Most of the time Azam Khan's grave and that of one of his wives is located next to that of his father in Khuldabad near Aurangabad ; Both cenotaphs are not in a roofed mausoleum , but in the open air - as Aurangzeb had wished for his own grave. Some authors, however, place Azam Shah's grave under the dynasty graves in the basement of the Humayun mausoleum in Delhi , which is much closer to the place where he died.
See also
literature
- Bamber Gascoigne: The Mughals. Splendor and greatness of Mohammedan princes in India. Prisma-Verlag, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-570-09930-X .
- Stephan Conermann: The Mughal Empire. History and Culture of Muslim India. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-53603-4 .
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Muhammad Azam Shah |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Padshah-i-Mumalik Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam Shah-i-Ali Jah Ghazi (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mughal Mughal of India (1707) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 28, 1653 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Burhanpur |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 8, 1707 |
| Place of death | at Agra |