Henry de Trubleville

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sir Henry de Trubleville (also Turbeville ) († December 21, 1239 ) was an Anglo- Norman military and civil servant who also served as Seneschal of Gascony . As a loyal supporter of the kings Johann Ohneland and Heinrich III. and as an able commander he served during the First War of the Barons , in Gascony and Brittany, in south Wales, and on a campaign in northern Italy.

origin

Henry de Trubleville may have come from a Dorset family who probably only moved from Normandy to Melcombe in Dorset in the early 13th century . The family named themselves after Thouberville , they also called themselves Turbeville . Henry had several sisters, his brother Drogo was a canon in Rouen .

Advancement as a military

Trubleville served as captain for King John Ohneland during the First War of the Barons from 1215. In 1216 he was responsible for the remuneration of royal troops in Rochester . In 1217 he and Richard Siward played a major role in the English victory over a French fleet at the Battle of Sandwich . During the minority of King Henry III. Trubleville continued to serve the Crown. In 1221 he served as a judge in Westminster , in 1223 he tried to get barons to support the Regency Council and in 1224 and 1225 he gave Normandy merchants permission to trade with English merchants. Apparently he was one of the close associates of Justiciars Hubert de Burgh , who had been in command during the Battle of Sandwich. Henry's uncle Ralph de Trubleville was one of de Burgh's closest collaborators. During the French-English war from 1224 belonged Trubleville 1225 to the troop contingent that under the command of Richard of Cornwall and William Longespée in the Gascogne departed. After Longespée returned to England early, Trubleville presumably took over command of the English troops in Gascony, which he was able to secure against French attacks. Probably because of this success, he was appointed Seneschal of Gascony in 1227. As a Seneschal, however, he had to cope with power struggles within the city of Bordeaux , ongoing revolts in Bayonne , tensions with the powerful Viscount of Béarn and a difficult relationship with France. Trubleville was able to convince numerous influential nobles from Gascony that their loyalty to the English king was an advantage for them, but he could hardly pacify the political tensions in Gascony. Due to his limited financial resources, his options for action were also severely limited. For his office he had to borrow 6,000 marks . In June 1228 he was able to extend the armistice with France during negotiations in Nogent . During the campaign of Henry III. after France in 1230 Trubleville was replaced as Seneschal. During the campaign, he served as the commander of the strategically important island of Oléron .

Role in Richard Marshal's Rebellion

During the politically difficult period between 1232 and 1234, Trubleville was initially harassed as a favorite of the overthrown Hubert de Burgh by the new government under Peter des Roches . In October 1232, the king declared that he would not take on the debts Trubleville had incurred as seneschal. Instead, contrary to the facts, the king claimed that Trubleville had received sufficient funds for his office. In December 1232, Trubleville was accused of selling the king's land in Gascony without authorization. However, in contrast to his old brother-in-arms Richard Siward, Trubleville remained a loyal supporter of the king, who from the end of 1232 urgently needed support in view of the rebellion of Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke . From September 1233 at the latest, Trubleville led royal troops against the rebels in the southern Welsh Marches . After spending the winter from 1233 to 1234 in Bristol , in March 1234 he led a fleet from there up the River Towy to Carmarthen Castle , where he defeated the Welsh besiegers allied with the rebels under Rhys Gryg and was able to lift the siege.

Renewed service as Seneschal of Gascony

In May 1234 Trubleville was reappointed Seneschal of Gascony. His options were again severely limited because of his insufficient financial resources, but also because of the tight control of his administration by the government in England. Nevertheless, he was able to take action against rebels and from 1234 to 1235 provided military support to Duke John I of Brittany, who was allied with England . He traveled several times from Gascony to England, where, among other things, he was present at the reconciliation of Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke with the king in 1236 . To do this, he investigated a revolt against the papal legate Oddone di Tonengo and his entourage in Oxford . After he had been briefly replaced as Seneschal of Gascony in 1237, he was finally replaced in November 1238. Although Trubleville's administration as Seneschal of Gascony was both politically and financially a failure, his tenure in 1252 in Gascony, compared to the administration of Simon de Montfort , was glorified as just and peaceful.

Campaign to northern Italy and death

In 1238 Trubleville reached the climax of his military career when he led an English contingent to Lombardy together with William of Savoy , an uncle of Queen Eleanor . There they supported the Roman-German Emperor Friedrich II , a brother-in-law of the English king, in the fight against the Lombard League . The English aided the imperial troops in the siege of Milan and in the fighting against Piacenza . After he returned to England, Trubleville and Richard of Cornwall took a crusade vows on November 12, 1239. However, he died a few weeks later. The chronicler Matthew Paris lamented the death of the experienced military man, who had also been praised by Emperor Friedrich II. Henry III. gave Trubleville's brother Drogo 60 shillings to buy a vessel for Trubleville's heart to be taken to Normandy for heart burial .

Building a land estate and family

Henry III. had rewarded Trubleville's loyalty with rich estates, guardianship administrations, and lucrative offices. Most of Trubleville's lands were in Devon , and between 1216 and 1233 he acquired land in ten other counties. In 1233 he was given the administration of Usk and Glamorgan in Wales. He later became the commandant of Corfe Castle , for which the king paid him 80 marks a year. From 1230 he was administrator of Jersey and Guernsey . When he needed funds for his service in Gascony in 1229, he mortgaged his land for two years for £ 500. He also owned land in Gascony and was a merchant. He exported wool to Normandy and imported wine from Gascony to England.

Trubleville probably married a Hawissa in 1227 , whose origin is unknown. She may have been Hawise de Londres , heir to the Kidwelly reign , but who was married until 1233 or 1234. She survived him, but the marriage had remained childless. Since Trubleville had died without any legitimate heirs, his property was divided among his heirs after his death. He had an illegitimate daughter, Edelina , who may have been born in Gascony and later married Elie de Blénac of Saintonge .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ David Carpenter: The minority of Henry III . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990. ISBN 0-520-07239-1 , p. 377
  2. ^ Douglas Richardson, Kimball G. Everingham: Magna Carta ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families , in: Royal ancestry series (2005), p. 315
  3. ^ William Page, PH Ditchfield: Parishes: East Garston. In: A History of the County of Berkshire : Volume 4, London 1924, p. 248
personal data
SURNAME Trubleville, Henry de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Turbeville, Henry de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Anglo-Norman military
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH December 21, 1239