Anglo-Normans
The Anglon- Normans are the descendants of the Normans who ruled England after the Norman conquest by William the Conqueror in 1066 and who subsequently represented a population separated from the Anglo-Saxon , Celtic and Danish inhabitants of the island. Their language was Anglo-Norman .
The Norman-Anglo-Saxon conflict
This demarcation became clear in the army, which consisted of Anglo-Norman noble horsemen and mostly Anglo-Saxon (often equally noble) infantry. The younger Anglo-Norman aristocracy often adopted Anglo-Saxon customs such as long hair and mustaches.
The degree of the following social conflicts between Normans and Anglo-Saxons is a controversial issue among historians. The view of the 19th century with its popular legends ( Robin Hood , Ivanhoe ) is likely to contain exaggerations, as well as the writings of Ordericus Vitalis , in whose Historia Ecclesiastica (1125) the resistance of the Anglo-Saxons against the Normans is praised. On the other hand, the Mudrum fine law imposed a heavy fine for killing a Norman, which should prove the frequency of such attacks.
In the 12th century the two population groups had mixed so much that the conflicts disappeared.
Ireland
Anglo-Norman , but above all Cambro-Norman barons conquered Ireland from the end of the 1160s . At first they supported regional Irish kings like Dermot MacMurrough , but a little later they established their own rulers there. Henry II of England then enforced royal rule over Ireland. Many of the conquerors came from Wales , which is why medievalists refer to them as Cambro-Normans.
They merged with the island's Celtic nobility, especially outside the Dublin area . They are referred to as "Old English", but this name did not appear until 1580, 400 years after their first appearance in Ireland.
Anglo-Norman families
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See also
literature
- David Crouch: The Normans: The History of a Dynasty . Hambledon & London, 2002.
- Lewis C. Loyd: The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families . (Harleian Society Publications, Volume 103) The Society, 1951 (Genealogical Publishing Co., 1980).
- Regesta Regum Anglo Normannorum, 1066-1154 . (Henry William Davis & Robert J. Shotwell, eds) 4 volumes. Clarendon Press, 1913 (AMS Press, 1987).