Seneschal of Gascony
The Seneschal of Gascony ( English Seneschal of Gascony ) was the administrator of the Duchy of Aquitaine and the Duchy of Guyenne , when they were owned by the English kings from the 12th century to 1453.
Due to the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine , the heiress of the Duchy of Aquitaine, with the later King Henry II of England , large parts of south-west France fell to the English kings in 1152. These areas, also known as Gascogne or Guyenne in the 13th century , remained under English rule until the end of the Hundred Years War , until October 19, 1453. Instead of the mostly absent dukes of Aquitaine or kings of England, officials took over the government of the country, who were known as seneschals . Her powers extended mainly to the military and legal areas, and locals from Gascony were often appointed seneschal. In times of need, however, a lieutenant was appointed as governor who had almost viceroyal powers. These representatives of the king were almost without exception English, often they were magnates or relatives of the English kings.
So far not all office holders are known.
List of Seneschalls of Gascony
The office of Seneschal of Gascony had:
- 1201–1202 Robert of Thornham († 1211); also Seneschal of Poitou
- 1214 and from 1218–1219 Geoffrey de Neville († 1225); 1215 also the Seneschal of Poitou
- 1227–1230 and from 1234–1238 Henry de Trubleville († 1239)
- 1243–1245 Nicholas de Moels († after 1268)
- 1248 Richard de Gray († before 1272)
- 1253–1254 John de Gray († 1266)
- 1253 Richard de Gray with John de Gray
- 1254–1255 Stephen Bauzan († 1257)
- 1255–1257 Stephen Longespée (1216–1260)
- 1266–1268 Jean I. de Grailly († 1301)
- 1268–1269 Thomas d'Ippegrave
- 1269 Fortaner de Cazeneuve
- 1271-1272 Hugh de Turberville
- 1272–1278 Luke de Tany († 1282)
- 1283 John de Vaux
- 1283-1287 Jean I. de Grailly
- 1287-1288 William Middleton
- 1288-1294 John de Havering
- 1294–1297 John de St John († 1302)
- 1302-1305 John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (1262-1313); also Lieutenant
- 1305-1308 John de Havering
- 1308-1309 Guy Ferre
- 1309-1312 John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
- 1312 John de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Chartley (1271-1312)
- 1312-1313 Estèbe Ferréol, Sire de Tonneins
- 1313–1316 Amaury III de Craon († 1333)
- 1316-1317 Gilbert Pecche
- 1317–1318 Antonio Pessagno (around 1280 - around 1334)
- 1318-1319 William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu
- 1319-1320 Amaniu du Foussat, Sire de Madaillan
- 1320 Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley
- 1320-1322 Amaury III de Craon
- 1322 Fulk Lestrange, 1st Baron Strange of Blackmere (around 1267-1324)
- 1323–1324 Ralph Basset, 2nd Baron Basset of Drayton († 1343)
- 1324 Robert de Shirland
- 1324 Richard de Gray, 2nd Baron Gray of Codnor (around 1281 – around 1335)
- 1324 Ralph Basset, 2nd Baron Basset of Drayton († 1343)
- 1324-1325 John de Wisham
- 1325–1327 and from 1331–1343 Oliver Ingham, 1st Baron Ingham (around 1287–1344)
- 1327–1331 John de Haustede
- 1343-1345 Nicholas de la Beche
- 1345–1347 Ralph Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford (1301–1372)
- 1347 Hugh Hastings (about 1310-1347); did not take office
- 1347-1349 Thomas Cok
- 1349 Frank van Hallen
- 1350 John de Chiverston
- 1354 Arnaut-Bernat III de Preissac
- 1354 John de Chiverston
- 1361 Richard Stafford
- 1361–1362 John Chandos († 1369)
- 1363–1377 Thomas Felton († 1381)
- 1378-1383 John de Neville of Raby
- 1383–1384 and from 1390–1394 William le Scrope (1351–1399)
- 1385-1389 John Harpsden
- 1389-1390 and until 1398 John Trailly
- 1398-1399 Archambaud de Grailly
- 1399-1415 Galhart II de Durfort, Sire de Duras et Blanquefort
- 1415–1423 John Tiptoft (around 1378–1443)
- 1423-1436 John Radcliffe
- 1440–1441 Thomas Rempston († 1458)
- 1442–1445 William Bonville (1392–1461)
- 1450–1453 Richard Woodville, 1st Baron Woodville († 1469)
- 1453 William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville
List of Lieutenants of Gascony
- 1248–1254 Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (around 1208–1265)
- 1269–1270 Roger of Leybourne (around 1215–1271)
- 1272 Thomas de Clare († 1287)
- 1283 Jean I. de Grailly
- 1293–1294 John de St John († 1302), then Seneschal
- 1295 Edmund, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245–1296)
- 1295–1298 Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln (1249–1311)
- 1302-1305; 1309-1311 John Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (1262-1313); from 1302 to 1305 also Seneschal
- 1324-1325 Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (1301-1330)
- 1344, 1345–1347 and 1349 Henry, Earl of Derby (around 1310–1361)
- 1344 Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel (around 1313-1376) (with Henry of Grosmont)
- 1352-1355 Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford (1301-1372)
- 1355-1357 Edward , (1330-1376); Prince of Aquitaine 1362–1372
- 1370-1371 John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399)
- 1372 John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1347-1375)
- 1378–1381 John Neville, 5th Baron Neville (around 1330–1388)
- 1388-1389 John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399); Appointed Duke of Aquitaine in 1390
- 1394-1398 Henry Percy (1364-1403)
- 1398 John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (around 1371-1410)
- 1401–1403 Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (around 1373–1415)
- 1412-1413 Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence (1388-1421)
- 1413-1414 Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset (1377-1426)
- 1439–1440 John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon (1395–1447)
- 1443 John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (1404–1444)
- 1452-1453 John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (around 1387-1453)
Web links
- The Gascon Rolls Project: Seneschalls of Gascony, of Aquitaine after 1360 (1273-1453)
- Seneschals and lieutenants of Gascony in the Oxford DNB. In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . 2005, doi : 10.1093 / ref: odnb / 93334