Oliver Ingham, 1st Baron Ingham

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Oliver Ingham, 1st Baron Ingham (* around 1287 , † January 29, 1344 ) was an English nobleman, civil servant and military.

origin

Oliver Ingham was the eldest son of the knight Sir John Ingham (1260-1309) and his wife Margery . After his father's death in 1309, his inheritance was handed over to him on May 22, 1310, which included lands near Ingham in Norfolk and land holdings in Suffolk , Wiltshire and Hampshire .

Military in the service of the king

During the war with Scotland , Ingham was called to participate in the campaigns of King Edward II in 1310 and 1314 . In addition, Ingham served as a knight of the royal household. Ingham enjoyed the trust of both the king and Hugh le Despenser , who had been the king's favorite since 1318. During the rebellion of the Marcher Lords and the Earl of Lancaster , Ingham was a member of the royal army with which the king took action against the rebels from autumn 1321. In late December 1321 he commanded the vanguard of the royal army that Bridgnorth occupied to secure the passage over the Severn . However, the royal troops were driven out of the city on January 5, 1322 by the rebel forces under Roger Mortimer . The rebels then destroyed the bridge over the river, after which the royal army had to move on to Shrewsbury . During the suppression of the rebellion, Ingham occupied numerous rebel estates, enriching himself through extensive looting. The king rewarded him for his services with numerous gifts and rewards. In June 1321, Ingham was given the management of Ellesmere Castle in Shropshire, including offices in Wiltshire, Chester and Flint . Despenser's preferred retinue, he received Shocklach Castle and the Malpas reign in Cheshire, a former estate of John de Sutton . Sutton, who had belonged to the rebels, was handed over to Ingham after his job, who left him incarcerated. Even William Grandison , the heirs of the rebel Henry Tyeys , Ingham was in the dungeon of Windsor Castle until the estate he Lydiard Tregoze handed. Although the king was able to decisively defeat the rebels in March 1322, there was further unrest in many regions over the next few years. In 1323 Ingham accused the imprisoned Roger Mortimer of being responsible for unrest in the Welsh Marches . In August 1322 Ingham took part as Knight Banneret in the unsuccessful campaign of the king to Scotland .

Service in the English possessions in south-west France

In 1324 the King appointed Ingham advisor to the young Earl of Kent , who served as Lieutenant of Aquitaine . In August 1324 Ingham was in command of Agen , the capital of Agenais . Tensions with France grew around the English possessions in south-west France , and in August 1324 a French army invaded the region. Due to the lack of popular support, Ingham Agen had to hand over on August 15th. In the further course of the war he led a successful campaign against the French in the Agenais with a force that consisted mainly of Spanish mercenaries. After lengthy negotiations, the war was officially ended in September 1325. Edward II transferred the Duchy of Aquitaine to his underage son Edward . This apparently had confidence in Ingham, who was appointed Seneschal of Aquitaine on October 7, 1325 . Ingham's powers were expanded in April 1326 when the king gave him far-reaching financial powers. He quickly succeeded in regaining control of the English possessions in south-west France, as he did his best to compensate the nobles who had supported the English in the war with France. Therefore, he initially had the trust of numerous nobles from the region. As early as June, with the support of other nobles, he was able to achieve submission and partial reconciliation with the noble Amanieu dʼAlbret . After there were again armed incidents in Gascony in the summer of 1326 , Ingham pardoned eleven nobles who had supported the French side by the beginning of September. Further problems arose when Queen Isabelle and the heir to the throne, Edward, stayed in France against the will of Edward II after the peace negotiations were concluded. Thereupon Edward II instructed the nobles of Gascon to only obey Ingham, since the young Edward, as Duke of Aquitaine, was under the influence of his mother.

Supporting the rule of Roger Mortimer

In the autumn of 1326, Roger Mortimer, who had escaped from captivity, landed in England with the support of Queen Isabelle and overthrew the reign of Edward II. Apparently as early as the summer of 1326 Ingham had supported Mortimer's plans. In February 1327 he concluded a controversial armistice with France, whereupon he was replaced as Seneschal by Sir John Hausted and returned to England. Despite his previous close association with Despenser, he largely escaped persecution by the new rulers. Instead, he switched to the service of Roger Mortimer, who was the actual ruler instead of the underage Edward III. was. As one of four barons, he was even a member of the twelve-member Council of State, which officially led the regency. Between June 1328 and September 1330 Ingham was invited to the parliaments , which is why he is considered Baron Ingham . When Henry of Lancaster rebelled against the Mortimer regime in late 1328 and early 1329 , Ingham continued to support Mortimer. He was one of the judges in February 1329 who judged the conspirators who had supported the Lancaster rebellion. In May or June 1330, Mortimer rewarded him by handing him over the possessions of the executed Earl of Kent. In October 1330 the young Edward III fell. the reign of Mortimer through a coup. Ingham was one of Mortimer's close confidants, who were with him in the Queen's chamber at Nottingham Castle when the conspirators stormed in and overwhelmed her. He was taken to London where he was to be tried. The king had his property confiscated. In recognition of his loyal service to his father Edward II, however, the young king pardoned Ingham on December 8, 1330. He also got his property back, but without the goods he had previously received from the crown property .

Another service in south-west France

After his pardon, Ingham served the king again mainly in Aquitaine. On June 29, 1331 he was again appointed Seneschal of Aquitaine. He held this office for twelve years, making him an unusually long term. Supposedly he had Thomas Gurney beheaded in Gascony in the early summer of 1333 , who was accused of the murder of Edward II. Gurney died in southwest France, but the exact time of his death is unclear. He probably died of an illness. Ingham was Seneschal at a time when Anglo-French relations were again very tense. In 1335, King Edward Balliol Ingham , who was expelled from Scotland, is said to have warned Ingham in France that France was planning an attack on England in support of the Scots. Ingham himself equipped ships in Bayonne to support the English campaign of 1335 to Scotland. On May 24, 1337, the French King Philip VI. Aquitaine for confiscated. As a seneschal, Ingham received the French officials in Libourne in June , who brought this message to him. After several days of deliberation, on June 17 he rejected the French claims. Before August 1336, Ingham had begun preparations to defend the region. No men-at-arms were allowed to leave the region without permission , and Ingham was to ensure that all important castles and towns were provided with adequate garrisons and supplies. After the open war against France began in 1337 , Ingham began attacks on French bases, mostly limited to the Agenais. Although Penne was conquered by treason in December 1338 and the French captured Bourg in 1339, the English were able to hold Bonnegarde , Montlaur and other fortresses while the English king led campaigns in northeastern France. In 1339 Ingham was able to repel a French attack on Bordeaux . Although he had little money at his disposal, he received considerable support in defense from the posse of the nobles from Gascony. From England only a small force of no more than 500 soldiers under John Norwich was sent to Gascony, while the noble south-west of France Jean de Grailly alone maintained a force of 77 men in arms and 685 foot soldiers from June 1337 to November 1338.

The English crown had rewarded Ingham's services, among other things, by canceling the debts he owed to the crown on July 15, 1337. In January 1342 he was called to England to report to a council on the conditions in Aquitaine. On April 6, 1343 he was finally replaced as seneschal. A few months later he presumably died in Ingham. He was buried in Ingham Church, where he had patronage rights . His grave monument has been preserved.

The Holy Trinity Church in Ingham where Ingham and his wife were buried

Family and offspring

Ingham had married Elizabeth, daughter of William Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche of Haryngworth . With her he had at least two sons and two daughters:

  • Oliver Ingham († 1326)
  • John Ingham († 1339)
  • Elizabeth Ingham († before 1344)
  • Joan Ingham (around 1320 – after 1360)
  1. ⚭ Roger Lestrange, 4th Baron Strange of Knockin († 1349)
  2. ⚭ Sir Miles Stapleton of Bedale († 1364)

Since Ingham's two sons had died with no surviving descendants, his inheritance was divided between his eight-year-old granddaughter Mary, the daughter of his older, also deceased daughter, Elizabeth, and his younger daughter, Joan. The title of Baron Ingham fell in Abeyance . Ingham's widow Elizabeth died on October 11, 1350. She was buried next to her husband.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . Yale University Press, New Haven 2010, ISBN 978-0-300-17802-9 , p. 402
  2. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . Yale University Press, New Haven 2010, ISBN 978-0-300-17802-9 , p. 415
  3. ^ Natalie Fryde: The tyranny and fall of Edward II, 1321-1326 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003. ISBN 0-521-54806-3 , p. 76
  4. ^ Natalie Fryde: The tyranny and fall of Edward II, 1321-1326 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003. ISBN 0-521-54806-3 , p. 116
  5. ^ Natalie Fryde: The tyranny and fall of Edward II, 1321-1326 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003. ISBN 0-521-54806-3 , p. 155
  6. ^ Natalie Fryde: The tyranny and fall of Edward II, 1321-1326 . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2003. ISBN 0-521-54806-3 , p. 143
  7. ↑ Malcolm Vale: The Origins of the Hundred Years War: The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340 . Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996. ISBN 0-19-820620-8 , p. 242
  8. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . Yale University Press, New Haven 2010, ISBN 978-0-300-17802-9 , p. 479
  9. ↑ Malcolm Vale: The Origins of the Hundred Years War: The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340 . Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996. ISBN 0-19-820620-8 , p. 241
  10. ↑ Malcolm Vale: The Origins of the Hundred Years War: The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340 . Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996. ISBN 0-19-820620-8 , p. 245
  11. ↑ Alison Weir: Isabella. She-Wolf of France, Queen of England . London, Pimlico 2006, ISBN 0-7126-4194-7 , p. 221.
  12. ↑ Malcolm Vale: The Origins of the Hundred Years War: The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340 . Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996. ISBN 0-19-820620-8 , p. 247
  13. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . Yale University Press, New Haven 2010, ISBN 978-0-300-17802-9 , pp. 540
  14. ↑ Alison Weir: Isabella. She-Wolf of France, Queen of England . London, Pimlico 2006, ISBN 0-7126-4194-7 , p. 323.
  15. ↑ Alison Weir: Isabella. She-Wolf of France, Queen of England . London, Pimlico 2006, ISBN 0-7126-4194-7 , p. 337.
  16. ↑ Alison Weir: Isabella. She-Wolf of France, Queen of England . London, Pimlico 2006, ISBN 0-7126-4194-7 , p. 343.
  17. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . Yale University Press, New Haven 2010, ISBN 978-0-300-17802-9 , pp. 575, n322
  18. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 209
  19. ↑ Malcolm Vale: The Origins of the Hundred Years War: The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340 . Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996. ISBN 0-19-820620-8 , p. 260
  20. ↑ Malcolm Vale: The Origins of the Hundred Years War: The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340 . Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996. ISBN 0-19-820620-8 , p. 262
  21. ↑ Malcolm Vale: The Origins of the Hundred Years War: The Angevin Legacy 1250-1340 . Oxford Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996. ISBN 0-19-820620-8 , p. 262
personal data
SURNAME Ingham, Oliver, 1st Baron Ingham
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ingham, Sir Oliver
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English nobleman, civil servant and military man
DATE OF BIRTH around 1287
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 1344