Gruffudd de la Pole

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Gruffudd de la Pole (also Gruffydd or Griffin de la Pole ) († after November 1330) was a Welsh nobleman.

origin

Gruffudd de la Pole came from the old Welsh ruling family of Powys . He was a younger son of Lord Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn . After his father's death in 1287, his older brother Owain became his main heir. Owain continued Powys' conversion from a Welsh principality to an English barony. After Owain's death in 1293, his only son Gruffudd Powys inherited .

Powys inheritance dispute

When the younger Gruffudd died childless in 1309, his sister Hawise was the heiress according to English inheritance law . King Edward II married the heiress to John Charlton , a favorite of his favorite Piers Gaveston . In the summer of 1309, however, Gruffudd de la Pole claimed the Powys Barony. As Powys was a rule of the Welsh Marches , he relied on traditional Welsh inheritance law. After this, the land was inherited in male succession, which is why Powys must fall to him. In 1311, Pole turned to a judicial commission to decide whether Powys would be succession under Welsh or English law. The king then instructed his chancellor, Walter Reynolds , that the matter should not be dealt with by a judicial commission, as the matter would violate the dignity of the crown. This disregard of traditional Welsh law is considered to be one of the most blatant violations of law during the reign of Edward II. Pole then apparently resorted to vigilante justice and started open attacks on Charlton, who had now taken Powys into possession. On March 23, 1312, the king ordered Roger Mortimer of Chirk and Robert de Holand to lift a siege of Welshpool Castle , the center of the rule, by Poles. It was not until the summer of 1312 that Mortimer was able to relieve Welshpool Castle. Presumably, Poles supporters were already plundering large areas of the Welsh Marches at that time. The king then declared Poles property confiscated.

Powis or Welshpool Castle besieged by Gruffudd de la Pole, the center of the Powys barony

Support of his claims by the Earl of Lancaster

In the spring of 1312, Pole was first mentioned as a vassal of Thomas of Lancaster . Possibly he had turned to the mighty Lancaster for help, but Lancaster may also have actively offered his help in challenging the king. The Powys dispute now became part of the power struggle between the king and Lancaster. Lancaster had Gaveston executed together with other magnates in June 1312 when Gaveston had returned to England from his forced exile without permission. Lancaster was now increasingly committed to Poles. In December 1312 or early 1313 the king then set up a judicial commission to examine Pole's claims. Lancaster declared two of the three members of the commission to be biased. John Wogan was involved in the seizure of Poles property and Alan la Zouche was a vassal of John Charlton. On February 23, 1313 Lancaster asked the papal legate, Cardinal Arnaud, to mediate. Lancaster also asked for impartial judges to deal with the complaints from Fulk Lestrange , a relative of Pole who had supported him. Lancaster stubbornly defended Poles, and he was probably right. He used the dispute over Powys to protect his own vassals, to challenge the king, and to enforce the ordinances .

In return, the king demanded the return of jewels and horses that had belonged to his favorite Gavaston. Finally the king gave in. On March 12, 1313, he ordered the release of supporters from Pole. In October the Earl of Hereford , Bartholomew de Badlesmere , the Earl of Pembroke and Antonio Pessagno advised the king to give in to Lancaster in the dispute over Powys and to pardon Poles. Thereupon, on November 3, 1313, Henry le Scrope and John Cromwell were appointed as new members of the Judicial Commission appointed in December 1312, and on November 6, 1313 the king pardoned both Pole and Lestrange and Charlton for their offenses in Powys.

Powys dispute continues

Through this mediation the dispute over Powys was only superficially settled, because in fact Charlton remained in Powys possession. During the Parliament of Lincoln in February 1316 was discussed the dispute over inheritance, and in March 1316 John Cromwell was to end a rebellion in Wales. Nonetheless, Pole-Charlton clashes continued throughout the summer in Powys. On October 10, 1316, Pole was again officially pardoned, apparently as a concession to Lancaster. In fact, the dispute was never settled, because in November 1330 Edward III forbade . Pole and Charlton to feud against each other. This is considered the last known act in the dispute.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 140.
  2. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . New Haven, Yale University Press 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-15657-7 , pp. 161.
  3. ↑ JFA Mason: Charlton, John, first Lord Charlton of Powys (d. 1353). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  4. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 141.
  5. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 140.
  6. ↑ John Roland Seymour Phillips: Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, 1307-1324. Baronial politics in the reign of Edward II. Clarendon, Oxford 1972, ISBN 0-19-822359-5 , p. 54.
  7. ↑ John Roland Seymour Phillips: Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, 1307-1324. Baronial politics in the reign of Edward II. Clarendon, Oxford 1972, ISBN 0-19-822359-5 , p. 56.
  8. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 141.
  9. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 138.
  10. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 153.
  11. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 143.
  12. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 147.
  13. ↑ John Roland Seymour Phillips: Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, 1307-1324. Baronial politics in the reign of Edward II. Clarendon, Oxford 1972, ISBN 0-19-822359-5 , p. 104.
  14. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . New Haven, Yale University Press 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-15657-7 , pp. 216.
  15. ↑ John Roland Seymour Phillips: Aymer de Valence, earl of Pembroke, 1307-1324. Baronial politics in the reign of Edward II. Clarendon, Oxford 1972, ISBN 0-19-822359-5 , p. 67.
  16. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . New Haven, Yale University Press 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-15657-7 , pp. 269.
  17. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 184.
  18. ↑ Seymour Phillips: Edward II . New Haven, Yale University Press 2010. ISBN 978-0-300-15657-7 , pp. 281.
  19. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 147n.
personal data
SURNAME Pole, Gruffudd de la
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pole, Gruffydd de la; Pole, Griffin de la
BRIEF DESCRIPTION welsh nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH after November 1330