John de Havering

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John de Havering († around 1309) was an English military man and civil servant. He was considered one of the most experienced administrative officials of King Edward I , whom he served as Seneschal of Gascony and Justiciar of Wales.

origin

John de Havering came from Essex and was a member of the knighthood. He was a son of Richard de Havering , who was administrator of the estate of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester . His father died in 1267, after which Havering inherited his property. During the reign of King Henry III. he was lord of Grafton in Northamptonshire .

Service under Eduard I.

Military service in Wales

Havering served as the Sheriff of Hampshire from October 1274 to October 1278 . After the conquest of Wales in 1284, he became the deputy legal advisor of North Wales. In July 1287 he was one of the commanders of the army that put down the rebellion of the Welsh Lord Rhys ap Maredudd . After the rebellion was put down, Havering was replaced as Justiciar in November 1287 and traveled to the king in Gascony .

Service as Seneschal of Gascony

Before returning to England in the summer of 1289, Eduard I. appointed Havering as Seneschal of Gascony . At the very beginning of his tenure, Havering interfered in the administration of Bordeaux . The angry citizens turned to the Parlement in Paris, the court of justice of the French kings, who were the supreme liege lords of Gascon. As a countermeasure, Havering had wine confiscated that was to be exported to England. As early as 1290, the king received disturbing news from Gascony, and when it came to war with France over Gascony in 1294 , numerous citizens and barons of Gascony were dissatisfied with the English administration.

New service in Wales

In 1294 Havering returned to England, where the king sent him to a meeting of the English prelates . On behalf of the king, Havering threatened the clergy with ostracism if they did not approve higher taxes. During the Welsh Rebellion from 1294 to 1295 he was tasked with the defense of Merionethshire . In 1295 the rebel leader Madog ap Llywelyn surrendered to him , which is why he claimed the reward of 500 marks , which was offered for the capture of Madog. From 1295 to 1301 he served as Justiciar of North Wales, where he should research the causes of the rebellion. However, he showed little understanding for the Welsh people, who were dissatisfied with the high taxes and the forced recruitment of soldiers for the king's wars. In 1299 Havering was appointed to the parliament by the king.

Renewed service as Seneschal of Gascony

In 1305 Havering was again Seneschal of Gascony, which had been largely occupied by France during the war with France and was not returned to the English administration until 1303. His son Richard accompanied him to France and served as commandant of Bordeaux. As a seneschal, Havering had little income and only limited jurisdiction. Therefore he had problems ending the feuds between the Sire d ' Albret and the Sire de Caumont and between Count Gaston of Foix and Count Bernard of Armagnac . In April 1306 the king transferred the Duchy of Aquitaine including Gascony to the heir apparent Eduard , and after he became King of England in 1307 Havering was replaced as Seneschal in 1308.

Death, family and offspring

Havering apparently died around 1309. His widow Margaret still owned 1336 lands in Essex and Hertfordshire . Havering's heir became his son Richard de Havering .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I . Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 308
  2. ↑ JR Maddicott: Simon de Montfort. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996, ISBN 0-521-37636-X , p. 68
  3. ↑ Thomas Christopher Banks: Baronia Anglica Concentrata, Or, A Concentrated Account of All the ... , Volume 2, William Harrison, Ripon 1844, p. 91
  4. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I . Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 207
  5. ^ Ralph A. Griffiths: The revolt of Rhys ap Maredudd, 1287-88 . In: The Welsh History Review , ISSN  0043-2431 , Vol. 1966, No. 3, p. 130
  6. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I . Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 308
  7. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I . Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 404
  8. ^ David Walker: Medieval Wales . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1990. ISBN 978-0-521-31153-3 , p. 156
  9. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I . Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 224
  10. ^ Rees R. Davies: The Age of Conquest. Wales 1063-1415. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1991, ISBN 0-19-820198-2 , p. 366
  11. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I . Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 225
  12. ↑ JR Maddicott: Simon de Montfort. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996, ISBN 0-521-37636-X , p. 68
  13. ↑ Michael Prestwich: Edward I . Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988, ISBN 0-520-06266-3 , p. 552
  14. ↑ Thomas Christopher Banks: Baronia Anglica Concentrata, Or, A Concentrated Account of All the ... , Volume 2, William Harrison, Ripon 1844, p. 91
  15. ↑ The National Archvies: Petitioners: Richard de Havering, son and heir of John de Havering. Retrieved November 7, 2017 .
personal data
SURNAME De Havering, John
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English military and civil servant
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH around 1309