Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (the elder)

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Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1675-1730)

Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn ( Russian Михаил Михайлович Голицын ; born November 1, jul. / 11. November  1675 greg. In Moscow , † December 10 jul. / 21st December  1730 greg. ) Was a Russian field marshal , consultant Peter I. , Commander in chief of the Russian fleet in the naval battle of Hanko and governor of Finland (1714–1721). He belonged to the Russian princely family Golitsyn and achieved great fame in the Great Northern War and the conquest of Finland.

Life

Golitsyn was born in 1675 as the son of Prince Mikhail Andreevich Golitsyn (1639–1687) and his wife Praskowja Nikitichna, nee Kaftyrjewa, (1645–1715). He had three brothers (Dmitri, Peter, Mikhail the Younger ) and three sisters (Maria the Elder, Maria the Younger, Sofia). On Zarenhof he knew as a child, the duties of a Stolniks , a higher steward and court officials, as for noble was common families. He began his service in the armed forces at the age of twelve as a drummer in the Semyonovskoye bodyguard regiment . The 1694 to Ensign promoted Golitsyn took with his regiment to the Azov campaigns (1695 and 1696) Peter I. part. Because of his exemplary military successes, he was promoted first to lieutenant and then to captain . In 1698 he took part in the suppression of the Second Strelizen Rebellion under General Patrick Gordon and Alexei Schein .

Golitsyn was actively involved in the Great Northern War (1700-1721). In 1700 he fought for Narva , where he was wounded. As a department commander of the Semyonovskoye bodyguard regiment, he distinguished himself in 1702 when the fortress of Nöteborg was stormed . For this military achievement he was rewarded with a gold medal and villages and promoted to colonel . He was involved in the capture of Nyenschanz (1703), Narva (1704) and Mitau (1705). In 1706 Golitsyn was promoted to major general. For the brilliant victory over a Swedish division on August 30th jul. / 10th September 1708 greg. the village of Dobro in the Battle of Moljatitschi he became of Peter I with the Order of St. Andrew excellent. On September 28th, Jul. / October 9, 1708 greg. Golitsyn played a decisive role in the victory of the Russians over the army of General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt in the Battle of Lesnaya . Peter I, who had been an eyewitness to the battle, promoted him to lieutenant general, gave him his diamond-studded portrait and gave him a wish. Golitsyn asked the Tsar, Field Marshal Repnin awarded to that of the lost battle of holowczyn July 3 jul. / July 14, 1708 greg. fell from grace and was demoted to soldier. This was granted and Repnin was rehabilitated. Golitsyn commanded the guard in the battle of Poltava and pursued the fleeing Swedes with Field Marshal Menshikov . In 1710 he fought in the siege of Vyborg , in 1711 he defended the Ukraine from the Crimean Tatars and Zaporozhian Cossacks . He then took part in the campaign on the Prut .

From 1714 to 1721 Golitsyn was commander in chief of the armed forces in Finland. In February 1714 he beat the Swedes devastating in the Battle of Storkyro what he to Colonel was promoted. Then he took part in the sea ​​battle at Hanko and on July 27th July . / 7th August 1720 greg. As commander of the Russian fleet, he won the victory over the Swedes in the sea ​​battle at Grönham . The special relationship between Peter I and Golitsyn was expressed in the fact that, apart from the tsar, only he and Field Marshal Sheremetev were allowed to drink from the so-called Great Eagle cup at the Assembleen Peter I, the assembly balls on solemn occasions . The Swede Ehrenmalm , a contemporary of Golyzin, said about him:

“He has gained particular fame for his natural intelligence, his kind treatment of subordinate officers and soldiers, and experience in war. In no situation did he lose his presence of mind. He was also enterprising and went out of his way to get jobs done quickly and with care. He tried to look like a soldier both in his clothes and in life ... "

During the Russo-Persian War (1722-1723) Golyzin stayed in Russia and commanded the troops in Saint Petersburg . From 1723 to 1728 he commanded the armed forces in Ukraine. After the death of Peter I, Catherine I appointed him in memory of his services on May 21st . / June 1, 1725 greg. to Field Marshal General. On September 20, Jul. / October 1, 1728 greg. Golitsyn was called to Saint Petersburg on the orders of Peter II and appointed President of the Military College. He held this position until 1730. Golitsyn was also a senator and a member of the Supreme Privy Council . The field marshal was politically naive and inexperienced, but he supported his brother Dmitri in all matters . In 1730, the year Empress Anna ascended the throne , Golitsyn supported the position of restricting autocracy , because Anna soon broke away from the constitutional restrictions of the nobility and proclaimed sole ruler. Since the empress's power restriction failed, Golitsyn resigned all state and military offices and moved to Moscow, where he lived in seclusion. The fate of other greats would probably have overtaken him. Sudden death saved him from conviction, prison, or life imprisonment.

family

Golitsyn was married twice and had 17 children from both marriages. In 1692 he married Evdokija Ivanovna, née Buturlina (1674-1713). In 1716 he married Tatiana Borisovna, née Kurakina (1690–1757).

Awards

literature

Web links

Commons : Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 1888, p. 848.
  2. ↑ a b biographies of Russian Generalissimi and field marshals: The 6th Field Marshal Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (Russian: Биографии российских генералиссимусов и генерал-фельдмаршалов: 6-й Генералъ-Фельдмаршалъ Князь МИХАИЛЪ МИХАЙЛОВИЧЬ ГОЛИЦЫНЪ)
  3. ↑ a b Юрий Николаевич Лубченков: 100 великих аристократов: МИХАИЛ МИХАЙЛОВИЧ ГОЛИЦЫН (1675-1730) Князь, генерал-фельдмаршал .
personal data
SURNAME Golitsyn, Mikhail Mikhailovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Голицын, Михаил Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian field marshal
DATE OF BIRTH November 11, 1675
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH December 21, 1730
Place of death Moscow