Siege of Nyenschanz
| date | April 24 - May 1, 1703 |
|---|---|
| place | Nyen , near Saint Petersburg , histor. Ingermanland |
| output | russian victory |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
| Commander | |
| Troop strength | |
| 600 men | 20,000 men |
| losses | |
|
k. A. |
k. A. |
1st phase: Swedish dominance (1700–1709)
Riga I • Jungfernhof • Varja • Pühhajoggi • Narva • Pechora • Düna • Rauge • Erastfer • Hummelshof • Embach • Tartu • Narva II • Wesenberg I • Wesenberg II
Arkhangelsk • Lake Ladoga • Nöteborg • Nyenschanz • Neva • Systerbäck • Petersburg • Vyborg I • Porvoo • Neva II • Koporje II • Kolkanpää
Vilnius • Salads • Jacobstadt • Walled Courtyard • Mitau • Grodno I • Olkieniki • Nyaswisch • Klezk • Ljachavichy
Klissow • Pułtusk • Thorn • Lemberg • Warsaw • Posen • Punitz • Tillendorf • Rakowitz • Praga • Fraustadt • Kalisch
Grodno II • Golovchin • Moljatitschi • Rajowka • Lesnaja • Desna • Baturyn • Koniecpol • Weprik • Opischnja • Krasnokutsk • Sokolki • Poltava I • Poltava II
2nd phase: Sweden on the defensive (1710–1721)
Riga II • Vyborg II • Pernau • Kexholm • Reval • Hogland • Pälkäne • Storkyro • Nyslott • Hanko
Helsingborg • Køge Bay • Gulf of Bothnia • Frederikshald I • Dynekilen Fjord • Gothenburg I • Strömstad • Trondheim • Frederikshald II • Marstrand • Ösel • Gothenburg II • Södra Stäket • Grönham • Sundsvall
Elbing • Wismar I • Lübow • Stralsund I • Greifswalder Bodden I • Stade • Rügen • Gadebusch • Altona • Tönning II • Stettin • Fehmarn • Wismar II • Stralsund II • Jasmund • Peenemünde • Greifswalder Bodden II • Stresow
During the siege of Nyenschanz from April 24 to May 1, 1703 in the Great Northern War , Russian troops under the command of Sheremetev captured the fortress on the Neva in Swedish-Ingermanland .
prehistory
From 1702 onwards, the Russian army was able to steadily expand its sphere of influence on Swedish territory through military successes. With the conquest of Shlisselburg , also Nöteborg , the route over the Neva and its tributary to the Baltic Sea became the main attack area of the Russian army . In the vicinity of the Schluesselburg and in Olonetz , Russian specialists built a fleet with which the Swedish supremacy in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea was to be threatened.
Like the Schluesselburg, the Nyen ski jump dominated the outflow of the Neva from Lake Ladoga . Like the Shlisselburg, this fortress had to be captured in order to rule the Neva. The crew that was driven out of the Nöteborg had withdrawn to the Nyenschanz .
In mid-March 1703 the Russians marched into the Swedish province of Kexholmslan with 4,000 men ; the Major Brock kusen defended with its six companies of cavalry, the province as long as possible. Only when the cavalry had shrunk to about 60 men did the major withdraw. When the Russian army had grown to 20,000 men, they marched under the command of Tsar Peter I towards Nyenschanz to besiege them.
The siege
The siege of the fortress began on April 24, 1703. The commandant of the fortress, Lieutenant Colonel Apollof, was asked to hand over the fortress, but refused. The fortress was then bombarded with artillery for eight days. The Russians used a camp that Major General Cronhjort had built the previous year during an exercise as cover. Therefore, they had only minor losses when the Swedes returned fire.
After the fortress was bombarded for ten hours on May 1, 1703, Apollof entered into surrender negotiations with Field Marshal Sheremetev. The national Swedes were given free travel, but had to leave their weapons behind. The remaining soldiers were taken prisoner of war . The Swedes withdrew to Vyborg .
consequences
Since the location of the fortress was assessed as unsatisfactory by the Russians, the city of Nyen and the redoubt were burned down after the conquest. The fortress was completely demolished under the supervision of Carl Ewald von Rönne , who was appointed commandant . Right nearby, at the mouth of the Neva, the tsar began building his new capital, Saint Petersburg, with the Kronstadt fortress in front of it .
A good two weeks after taking the fortress, on May 18, 1703, the Russians lured Swedish ships into an ambush at the mouth of the Neva and boarded them.
To celebrate the conquest of Nyenschanz, the Tsar awarded himself and Bombardier Lieutenant Alexander Danilowitsch Menshikov , the first Governor General of Saint Petersburg, the Order of Saint Andrew the First Called .
literature
- Dr. KF Reiche: Peter the Great and His Time , Leipzig (1841)
- Gustaf Adlerfelt : Life of Carl the Twelfth, King of Sweden , Part Two, Frankfurt and Leipzig (1741)
- Dr. Ernst Hermann: History of the European States , fourth volume History of the Russian State , Hamburg (1849)