Carl Ewald von Rönne
Carl Ewald von Rönne ( Russian Карл Эвальд Ренне ; born May 16, 1663 in Reval , Estonia ; † June 6, 1716 in Grodno or Brody ) was last a Russian cavalry general , chief marshal of Courland and Russia's commander in Poland.
Life
His ancestors, who originally came from Bremen , later moved to Livonia . Rönne was a page in Swedish service from 1673 , then entered the Swedish military service. In 1683 he entered the Dutch service and began his officer's career as a cornet in the cavalry. In 1692 he was promoted to captain . From 1692 he was Rittmeister in the service of the Electorate of Saxony , in General Patkul's army .
In 1702 Rönne entered the service of the Tsar on the basis of a contract with the Russian prince Dolgorukov , and in 1703 he became colonel of a dragoon regiment , which also bore his name.
On July 7, 1703 he took part in the battle of Systerbäck in the destruction of the Swedish units under the command of General Abraham Kronhjort not far from the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg . He commanded his "Rönne Regiment". In the same year the tsar appointed him in command of the conquered Nyenschanz fortress and subsequently the first in command of his new capital, Saint Petersburg.
In May 1704 he became major general , took part in the conquest of the cities of Narwa and Tartu, defeated the Swedes under General Karl Friedrich von Schlippenbach , the Karl XII. sent to aid the besieged in Narva and Tartu. In 1705 Rönne was in Poland and Courland, in that year he became lieutenant general of the cavalry.
In 1706 a 3,000-strong raid troop of Prince Alexander Danilowitsch Menshikov's army under the command of Carl Ewald von Rönne attacked a 13,000-man unit of Count Pototski in Windau, Duchy of Courland and Zemgale (now Latvia) and put them to flight. On July 3, 1708, Rönne took part in the Battle of Golovchin , which was unsuccessful for the Russian army . On February 10, 1709, Rönne and his unit of ten dragoon regiments fought off the attack by the Swedish forces under the command of Charles XII. on the city of Krasnokutsk and almost captured the King of Sweden (see Battle of Krasnokutsk ).
On April 12, 1709, Rönne's units were attacked by the significantly larger troops of the Swedish general Kruz. Rönne was able to repel the attack successfully and pushed the Swedes across the river Worskla . In the Battle of Poltava on June 27, 1709, Lieutenant General Rönne commanded the left wing of the Russian Army and was wounded, after which he handed over command to General Rodion Christianowitsch Baur . After this battle he was awarded the rank of general of the cavalry. In 1710 he was appointed to the rank of general . From 1711 to 1715 Rönne was commander in chief of the Russian troops in Ukraine and from 1716 until his death Commander in chief of the Russian corps in Poland .
Participation in the following battles
- 1703 conquest of the Nöteburg ( Schlüsselburg ) and Nyenschanz
- 1703 Participation in the battle of Systerbäck as colonel in command
- 1704 Participation in the battles of Reval and Narva and first victory, as commander-in-chief of an army, at Wesenberg
- 1705 Siege of Mitau and Bauske
- 1706 Participation in the Battle of Windau
- 1708 defeat at Golovichin
- 1709 Participation in the Battle of Poltava
- Participation in the siege and capture of Riga
Orders and awards
- Knight of the Order of Saint Andrew the First Called
- Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
- Knight of the Prussian order De la Générosité
- From the Duke of Courland he received the rarely awarded Order of Gratitude de la reconnaissance . In addition, the Duke gave him the Bershof estate (1710) and he became a pawn of the Alt-Pönau estate (Kensingshof) (1711), both in Courland .
family
Carl Ewald von Rönne was married to the Russian court lady Anna Lucia de Preen. She was a daughter of Mr. Gustav von Preen from Mecklenburg and Dorothea von Manteuffel , hereditary wife on Puhren, Wilzen and Paddern.
After the death of her husband, Anna Luzia became the chief stewardess to the widowed Anna Ioannowna , duchess in the Courland residence in Mitau . Anna Ioannovna was a daughter of Tsar Ivan V and the niece of Peter I and later ruled Russia as Tsarina from 1730 to 1740.
Children:
- Carl Johann Ernst Freiherr von Rönne (* 1700; † 1733), captain of Windau
literature
- Heinrich Christoph von Reimers (1805); St. Petersburg at the end of its first century , Saint Petersburg
- Hartwig Ludwig Christian Bacmeister: Contributions to the history of Peter the Great, Volume 1 , Riga 1774
- Benjamin von Bergmann: Peter the Great as Man and Regent , Volumes 1–2, Königsberg 1823
- August Wilhelm Hupel: Nordische Miscellaneen, Volumes 15-17 , Riga 1788
- Friedrich von Fircks: About the origin of the nobility in the Baltic Sea provinces of Russia , Leipzig 1843
- Dr. Ernst Hermann: History of the European States , fourth volume History of the Russian State , Hamburg 1849
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hermann, p. 158
- ↑ from Reimers, p. 116
- ↑ von Bergmann Volume 2, p. 136
- ↑ Bacmeister (1774) p. 123
- ↑ von Bergmann Volume 2 p. 338
- ↑ Hupel p. 608
- ↑ by Fircksl p. 160
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rönne, Carl Ewald von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ренне, Карл Эвальд (Russian spelling) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian military, cavalry general, chief marshal of Courland and Russia's commander in Poland |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 16, 1663 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Reval , Estonia |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 6, 1716 |
| Place of death | Grodno or Brody |