Johann Reinhold von Patkul
Johann Reinhold von Patkul (* July 1660 in Stockholm ; † October 11, 1707 at Kasimierz Monastery near Posen ) was a Livonian and Saxon statesman and is considered a defender of the national rights of Livonia and initiator of the Great Northern War .
Life
The Patkul family had lived in Livonia since the late Middle Ages. His father Friedrich Wilhelm von Patkul was a Livonian district administrator and a Swedish major. As such, he was brought to Stockholm in 1657 on suspicion of high treason , where his son Johann Reinhold was born in 1660. The father died before his son was six years old. There is no definite evidence of where Johann Reinhold studied. What is certain is that he returned to Swedish Livonia in 1680 and took over the management of his father's property.
Since Patkul opposite the King Charles XI. vigorously defended the rights of Livonian knighthood from Sweden , he had to go into exile in 1694 after he was sentenced to death , his Livonian goods confiscated and his writings burned. After several stops, it was a coincidence that he was introduced to Jacob Heinrich Graf von Flemming in Buckau in May 1698 , a favorite of the King of Poland and Elector of Saxony August II , who invited him to come to Poland. Patkul agreed, presumably hoping to reach a war against the Swedish king with Saxon-Polish help. On November 1, 1698 he entered the service of Augustus the Strong and achieved that in 1699 an alliance directed against Sweden was concluded with Denmark and Russia. Because of these endeavors, Patkul is seen as the initiator or driver of the Great Northern War.
In 1701 he went into the service of the Russian Tsar Peter I and in 1703 was his envoy to the Saxon-Polish court. But when August the Strong sought a separate peace with Sweden, he countered this, whereupon he was imprisoned on December 19, 1705 at the Sonnenstein fortress . On September 9, 1706, he was relocated to the Königstein Fortress and, after the Peace of Altranstadt, released on April 7, 1707 and extradited to the King of Sweden. As a traitor , he let him cycle and cut into four parts .
literature
- Benjamin von Bergmann: Johann Reinhold von Patkul in front of the judgment seat of posterity . Hartknoch, 1806, books.google.de
- Johann Samuelersch, JG Gruber: General encyclopedia of the sciences and arts in alphabetical order by named writers . 1840, p. 320 ff., Books.google.de
- Mettig .: Patkul, Johann Reinhold von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 225-237.
- Johann Reinhold von Patkul . In: Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson (eds.): Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : L – Z, including supplement . Albert Bonniers Verlag, Stockholm 1906, p. 271 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- Johann Reinhold von Patkul . In: Theodor Westrin, Ruben Gustafsson Berg (eds.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 21 : Papua – Posselt . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1915, Sp. 230 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- Yella Erdmann: The Livonian statesman Johann Reinhold von Patkul . Haude- and Spenersche Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1970.
- Hans Wolfram von Hentig: Patkul, Johann Reinhold von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 99 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Johann Reinhold von Patkul in the catalog of the German National Library
- Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Johann Reinhold von Patkul. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
- portrait
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Patkul, Johann Reinhold von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Livonian and Saxon statesman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 1660 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Stockholm |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 11, 1707 |
| Place of death | at the Kasimierz Monastery near Posen |