Sea battle at Hogland
Sea battle at Hogland
| date | July 11 jul. / July 22, 1713 greg. |
|---|---|
| place | in the Gulf of Finland , 50 kilometers from Porvoo |
| output | draw |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
| Commander | |
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| Troop strength | |
| 11 orlog ships , 2 brigs | 3 ships of the line |
| losses | |
|
1 ship of the line |
low losses among the ship's crew |
1st phase: Swedish dominance (1700–1709)
Riga I • Jungfernhof • Varja • Pühhajoggi • Narva • Pechora • Düna • Rauge • Erastfer • Hummelshof • Embach • Tartu • Narva II • Wesenberg I • Wesenberg II
Arkhangelsk • Lake Ladoga • Nöteborg • Nyenschanz • Neva • Systerbäck • Petersburg • Vyborg I • Porvoo • Neva II • Koporje II • Kolkanpää
Vilnius • Salads • Jacobstadt • Walled Courtyard • Mitau • Grodno I • Olkieniki • Nyaswisch • Klezk • Ljachavichy
Klissow • Pułtusk • Thorn • Lemberg • Warsaw • Posen • Punitz • Tillendorf • Rakowitz • Praga • Fraustadt • Kalisch
Grodno II • Golovchin • Moljatitschi • Rajowka • Lesnaja • Desna • Baturyn • Koniecpol • Weprik • Opischnja • Krasnokutsk • Sokolki • Poltava I • Poltava II
2nd phase: Sweden on the defensive (1710–1721)
Riga II • Vyborg II • Pernau • Kexholm • Reval • Hogland • Pälkäne • Storkyro • Nyslott • Hanko
Helsingborg • Køge Bay • Gulf of Bothnia • Frederikshald I • Dynekilen Fjord • Gothenburg I • Strömstad • Trondheim • Frederikshald II • Marstrand • Ösel • Gothenburg II • Södra Stäket • Grönham • Sundsvall
Elbing • Wismar I • Lübow • Stralsund I • Greifswalder Bodden I • Stade • Rügen • Gadebusch • Altona • Tönning II • Stettin • Fehmarn • Wismar II • Stralsund II • Jasmund • Peenemünde • Greifswalder Bodden II • Stresow
The naval battle at Hogland occurred on July 11th . / July 22, 1713 greg. between the Imperial Russian Navy and the Swedish Navy during the Great Northern War , on what is now the Russian island of Hogland 35 kilometers south of the Finnish city of Kotka and 180 kilometers west of St. Petersburg. A small Swedish fleet of three ships of the line under the command of Cornelius Cruys encountered a much larger Russian navy. The battle ended in a draw.
prehistory
 
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After the unsuccessful campaign on the Prut , Tsar Peter turned back to the theater of war on the Baltic Sea to increase the pressure on Stockholm. After overcoming some logistical problems, the long-planned invasion of Finland began in the spring of 1713. For the campaign in Finland a cooperation between the army and the navy was planned. To this end, the expansion of the Russian fleet was accelerated. In 1713 13 large warships and frigates were available, and more ships were bought in the Netherlands and England.
The upgraded Russian fleet, a total of 204 ships with 16,000 men, left Petersburg at the end of April and landed near Helsingfors on May 10 . The Swedish commander there, Georg Lybecker , did not wait for the invasion force to be bombarded, but rather burned the city and, after evacuating the Finnish capital Abo from the Russian persecutors, withdrew to the east with the 3300-strong Swedish crew to Borga back to where a 15,000-strong Swedish corps stood. The Russian galley fleet then prepared an attack on Borga. On the evening of May 22nd, Russian marines landed unhindered near this city.
course
In the meantime, a Swedish squadron under Vice Admiral Lillie with nine ships of the line and two frigates had appeared off Helsinki. The Russian Admiral Cruys went parallel to the Russian advances on land with part of the Russian deep sea fleet to cover the Finnish expedition on land against the Swedish fleet under the Vice-Admiral Lilien, who was cruising in the Gulf of Finland. The Swedes avoided a battle. On the morning of July 11, the Russian fleet had reached a Swedish squadron under the command of Raab near Hogland and was within their firing range. An intense battle broke out at Kalbådagrund and the Yttre Hällkallan shallows. During the fight, the Ösel, Raab's flagship, ran aground, but could be made afloat again and the fight continued. While they were in pursuit, three Russian ships of the line ran aground, but two could be made afloat again, and the third had to be burned. The Swedes escaped Russian persecution and withdrew to Helsinki. While the Swedes suffered only minor losses on board, the Russians had lost a large ship of the line with 50 cannons during the battle. The Russians wrongly blamed the Dutch and Norwegian Vice Admiral Cornelius Cruys for this.
consequences
The Russian seafarers did not yet have sufficient command of the difficult maneuvering of large warships in the difficult fairway of the Gulf of Finland with its sandbanks, skerries and islands. The large warships were therefore sent back to St. Petersburg, while the more agile galley fleet remained in the Borga area.
Before Tsar Peter, who attended the operation as rear admiral, returned to Russia in September, he transferred command of the fleet to Fyodor Matveyevich Apraxin .
Ships involved
Sweden
- Verden 54 cannons
- Osel 50 cannons
- Estonia 48 guns
Russia
- Poltava 54 cannons
- Pernow 50 cannons
- Randolf 50 cannons
- Riga 50 cannons
- Sv. Antonii 50 cannons
- Vyborg 50 cannons
- Esperan's 44 cannons
- Sv. Pawel 32 cannons
- Sv. Petr 32 cannons
- Samson 32 guns
- Shtandart 28 guns
- 2 briggs
literature
- Gerhard Anton von Halem: Life of Peter the Great, Volume 2
- Mattila, Tapani: Meri maamme turvana (Finnish), Jyväskylä: KJ Gummerus Osakeyhtiö, 1983, ISBN 951-99487-0-8
- Stewart P. Oakley: War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790. London 1992
- Peter Hoffmann: Peter the Great as a military reformer and general
Individual evidence
- ^ Mattila, Tapani: Meri maamme turvana (Finnish), Jyväskylä: KJ Gummerus Osakeyhtiö, 1983, ISBN 951-99487-0-8 , p. 36
- ↑ Stewart P. Oakley: War and Peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790. London 1992, p. 113.
- ↑ Peter Hoffmann: Peter the Great as a military reformer and general, p. 145.