Siege of Tönning (1700)
Tönning fortress in 1651
| date | March 1 - August 1700 |
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| place | City of Tönning , Holstein-Gottorp |
| output | Siege lifted after the Peace of Traventhal |
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1st phase: Swedish dominance (1700–1709)
Riga I • Jungfernhof • Varja • Pühhajoggi • Narva • Pechora • Düna • Rauge • Erastfer • Hummelshof • Embach • Tartu • Narva II • Wesenberg I • Wesenberg II
Arkhangelsk • Lake Ladoga • Nöteborg • Nyenschanz • Neva • Systerbäck • Petersburg • Vyborg I • Porvoo • Neva II • Koporje II • Kolkanpää
Vilnius • Salads • Jacobstadt • Walled Courtyard • Mitau • Grodno I • Olkieniki • Nyaswisch • Klezk • Ljachavichy
Klissow • Pułtusk • Thorn • Lemberg • Warsaw • Posen • Punitz • Tillendorf • Rakowitz • Praga • Fraustadt • Kalisch
Grodno II • Golovchin • Moljatitschi • Rajowka • Lesnaja • Desna • Baturyn • Koniecpol • Weprik • Opischnja • Krasnokutsk • Sokolki • Poltava I • Poltava II
2nd phase: Sweden on the defensive (1710–1721)
Riga II • Vyborg II • Pernau • Kexholm • Reval • Hogland • Pälkäne • Storkyro • Nyslott • Hanko
Helsingborg • Køge Bay • Gulf of Bothnia • Frederikshald I • Dynekilen Fjord • Gothenburg I • Strömstad • Trondheim • Frederikshald II • Marstrand • Ösel • Gothenburg II • Södra Stäket • Grönham • Sundsvall
Elbing • Wismar I • Lübow • Stralsund I • Greifswalder Bodden I • Stade • Rügen • Gadebusch • Altona • Tönning II • Stettin • Fehmarn • Wismar II • Stralsund II • Jasmund • Peenemünde • Greifswalder Bodden II • Stresow
The siege of Tönning Fortress in 1700 was a military intervention in the Great Northern War . The Tönning fortress was owned by the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf in 1700 . This was related to the Swedish royal family, as Friedrich IV of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf was married to a Swedish princess.
The parties
After his invasion of the Gottorf parts of the country of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, King Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway besieged the city of Tönning. Together with the Swedish allies, the Gottorfs defended the fortress.
The siege
It was agreed between Denmark-Norway , Saxony-Poland- Lithuania and Russia that three fronts against the Swedish King Charles XII. to be built up. The Danish-Norwegian King Friedrich VI. marched with 14,000 men into the Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp units. On March 22nd, 1700, the army of the Danish king was gathered around Tönning and the city was surrounded. During this time it was hit by several thousand artillery shells, which caused great devastation, but was held.
The siege was broken off in August because the Danish king was forced to withdraw from the alliance against Sweden in the Peace of Traventhal .
The Swedish invasion of Gottorf on June 2, 1700 liberated Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp from the Danes, the Swedish king left behind a strong garrison in the Gottorf parts to prevent another invasion.
The Swedish defeat at Poltava in 1709 marked the beginning of the second Danish participation in the Northern War.
literature
- Paul Bushkovitch: Peter the Great. The struggle for power, 1671-1725. New studies in European history. Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-521-80585-6 .
- Robert I. Frost: The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721. Longman, 2000, ISBN 978-0-582-06429-4 .
- Manfred Jakubowski-Tiessen : The early Pietism in Schleswig-Holstein. Origin, development and structure (= work on the history of Pietism. 19). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983, ISBN 3-525-55802-3 .
- Olaf Klose (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 1: Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 271). Kröner, Stuttgart 1958, DNB 456882790 .
- Peter Hamish Wilson: German armies. War and German politics, 1648-1806. Warfare and history. Routledge, 1998, ISBN 1-85728-106-3 .
- Knut Lundblad: History of Charles the Twelfth King of Sweden. Edited by Friedrich Perthes. Hamburg 1840 ( Volume 1 , Volume 2 )