Adelheid of Holland
Adelaide of Holland (also Adelheid of Avesnes ) (partly Aleid , Aleydis ) (* around 1230 , † 1284 ) was for her minor nephew Florence V. regent of the county of Holland and Zeeland from 1258 to 1263 and by marriage Countess of Hainaut .
Life
She was the daughter of Count Florence IV and her mother Mathilde von Brabant. This made her the sister of King Wilhelm of Holland .
She was married to Johann von Avesnes , Count of Hainaut since 1246 . Political reasons played a role for this. William of Holland supported the count against his mother, Margaret of Flanders . Johann wanted to assert his claim to Flanders. Adelheid had seven children with her husband. Among them were Johann II , later Count of Holland, Johanna Abbess of Flines, Burchard of Avesnes Bishop of Metz , Guido von Avesnes Bishop of Utrecht , Wilhelm II of Hainault Bishop of Cambrai , Florence of Hainaut governor of Zeeland and by marriage titular prince of Achaia Morea . Her husband died in 1257.
Adelheid raised her nephew Floris V von Holland after Wilhelm's death, although his mother was still alive. The regency for this was initially held by his uncle Florence . This had settled the conflict with Margaret of Flanders.
When Florence died in 1258, the reign as governess passed to Adelheid. It was documented as Tutrix de Hollandie et Zeelandie . As a further guardian she appointed Heinrich III. from Brabant . He died in 1261. Holland was not threatened from the outside at this time. Her position as regent was confirmed by King Richard of Cornwall in 1262.
But the nobility revolted against the rule of a woman. The nobility appointed Count Otto II von Geldern as regent in their stead . This took Dordrecht , while Adelheid had to withdraw to Zeeland. He succeeded in defeating Adelheid's troops at Reimerswaal and was thus able to gain power. She recognized her defeat and in a document from 1264, she spoke of an earlier violence.
After Florence itself had taken over the reign in 1265/66, it again gained great influence over him. He signed a contract with Adelheid about her widows property. Adelheid played a major role in the fact that one of her sons, Florence of Hainaut, was able to achieve great influence. This led to Florence V. driving this and Adelheid from Holland in 1277. Since then she lived in Hainaut, where her son Johann had taken over the rule. A reconciliation with Holland took place in 1282.
She distinguished herself as a founder and sponsor of religious institutions. The mendicant orders , Cistercians and the Beguines in particular benefited from this . This becomes clear in her will of 1271. She was buried in Valenciennes .
Individual evidence
literature
- Heinrich Leo: Twelve Books of Dutch Stories. Part 1 Halle, 1832 pp. 697–699
- Alberdingk Thijm: Aleid, Vögtin of Holland and Zeeland . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 77 f.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Adelheid of Holland |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Adelheid of Avesnes |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Regent of Holland |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1230 |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1284 |