Nicholas of Bibra
Nikolaus von Bibra (* 1st quarter of the 13th century; † after 1307) was the capitular of the Bibra collegiate church and lived mainly in Erfurt . From 1281 he wrote the Occultus Erfordensis , an important source for the history of Erfurt in the late 13th century.
origin
It is not clear whether Nikolaus von Bibra comes from the Franconian-Thuringian noble family von Bibra . While this would point to the headquarters in Bibra near Meiningen , other authors refer to the mention of 1279 in the Augustinian canons of Bibra in Bad Bibra .
Life
It is known about Nikolaus von Bibra that he made four trips to Rome . He probably studied canon law at the University of Padua . While he is documented as a capitular in Bad Bibra , he has spent most of his life in Erfurt and finally retired there as a monk in the Peterskloster .
The Occultus Erfordensis
Nikolaus von Bibra describes in his Occultus , which is divided into five " Distinctions ", the struggle of the Erfurt civil parish, which is becoming increasingly independent, against its city lord, the Archbishop of Mainz . The disputes that u. a. Resulting from the powerful reach of the Erfurt in the Thuringian surrounding area, culminated in the interdict with which the city was occupied by Archbishop Werner (1259-1284) from 1279–1282 . Nikolaus von Bibra describes - quite polemically - the unfortunate actions of the Erfurt city lawyer Heinrich von Kirchberg , the trial between the city and the archbishop at the papal curia and the role of the Erfurt clergy between the city and the archbishopric. The disputes finally ended with a defeat for the city, which had to pay dearly for their attacks on Mainz rights and property in Erfurt in the contract of March 21, 1282. One consequence of this unfortunate outcome for the people of Erfurt was the Volrats von Gotha revolt (1283), also described by Nikolaus von Bibra , which then led to rich craftsman families becoming involved in the Erfurt city council . The guilds were thus able to influence the decisions of the council in the following period. His work spread rapidly and was included in the catalog of Johannes Trithemius ' writings .
Editions and translations
- Christine Mundhenk (ed.): The 'Occultus Erfordensis' of Nicolaus von Bibra. Critical edition with introduction, commentary and German translation (= writings of the Association for the History and Antiquity of Erfurt , Vol. 3). Böhlau, Weimar 1997, ISBN 3-7400-1018-5 .
literature
- Robert Gramsch: Nikolaus von Bibra and Heinrich von Kirchberg . In: Journal of the Association for Thuringian History . (ZVThG), Vol. 56, 2002, pp. 133-168
- Stephanie Wolf: Erfurt in the 13th century. Urban society between the Archbishop of Mainz, the nobility and the empire (= urban research A 67), Cologne-Weimar-Vienna 2005, pp. 187ff, 191ff
- Renate Schipke: Nicolaus von Bibra. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 269 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Werner Schultheiß: Bibra. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 215 f. ( Digitized version ). (Family item)
- Lothar Kolmer: Nikolaus von Bibra. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 6, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1 , Sp. 874-876.
Web links
- Nicolaus de Bibera in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"
- Literature by and about Nikolaus von Bibra in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ^ Entry in the NDB, p. 269.
- ^ Franz Xaver von Wegele: Bibra, Nicolaus von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 613 f.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Nicholas of Bibra |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Nicolaus de Bibera |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Canon of the Augustinian Canons of Bibra |
| DATE OF BIRTH | before 1281 |
| DATE OF DEATH | after 1307 |