Il-Arslan
Il-Arslan with full name Taj ad-Dunya wa-'d-Din Abu 'l-Fath Il-Arslān ( Tāǧ ad-Dunyā wa-'d-Dīn Abū' l-Fatḥ Il-Arslan ) († March 7, 1172 in Gurganj ) ruled between 1156 and 1172 as the Khorezm Shah in Khoresmia .
In 1152 Il-Arslan was appointed governor of Jand under his father Ala ad-Din Atsiz . When his father died in 1156, he succeeded him on August 22, 1156 as the new ruler. Like his father, Il-Arslan paid tributes to both the Seljuk Sultan Ahmad Sandjar and the Kara Kitai .
Ahmad Sanjar died a few months later, leading to chaos in the Seljuk Khorasan led. This allowed Il-Arslan to de facto break away from the Seljuk supremacy, whereby he kept a friendly relationship with Sandjar's successor in Khorasan. Both should take action against the Kara Kitai, but a campaign did not take place. Like his father, Il-Arslan wanted to expand his rule to Khorasan, but could not make any real profit despite his military support for allies on the ground.
In 1158, Il-Arslan clashed with the Karakhanids of Samarqand when their ruler Chaghrï Khan took action against the Karluks in his empire. Several Karluken leaders fled to Khorezmia and asked Il-Arslan for help. Il-Arslan invaded the territory of the Qarakhanids , conquered Buxoro and besieged Samarqand, where Chaghrï Khan was staying. Chaghrï Khan called the Kara Kitai to help, who sent an army but did not fight against Il-Arslan. In the end, Chaghrï Khan had to resume the Karluk leaders and return them to their old positions.
Because Il-Arslan did not pay his tribute, the Kara Kitai started a punitive expedition in 1172 . Il-Arslan gathered his forces, but was unable to go into battle himself because of an illness. He lost the battle and died a little later in March of the same year. The empire experienced a time of chaos as Il-Arslan's sons Tekisch and Sultan Shah fought over the successor.
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- Il-Arslan . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)
- Biran, Michael. The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- Boyle, YES. The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Il-Arslan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Taj ad-Dunya wa-'d-Din Abu 'l-Fath Il-Arslān |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ruler of the Khorezm Shahs |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 12th Century |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 7, 1172 |
| Place of death | Gurganj (today's Uzbekistan) |