Ala ad-Din Atsiz

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Ala ad-Dunya wa-d-Din (but mostly only Ala ad-Daula ) Abu l-Muzaffar Qizil-Arslan Atsiz ( Persian علاء الدنيا والدين (علاء الدولة) أبو المظفر قزل ارسلان اتسز, DMG ʿAlāʾ ad-Dunyā wa-ʼd-Dīn (ʿAlāʾ ad-Daula) Abū ʼl-Muẓaffar Qïzïl-Arslan Atsïz ; † thirtieth July 1156 ) of the dynasty of Anuschteginiden reg (. 1077-1231) was 1127 / 28-1156 Khorezm Shah , whose name means "nameless". He also carried the title al-malik al-aʿẓam (before: al-malik al-muʿaẓẓam and al-malik al-muẓaffar ). A few coins struck in his name are known.

After Atsiz had succeeded his father, Shah Muhammad I , smoothly on the throne in 1127/28, he initially ruled like him as a loyal vassal of the Greater Seljuks and cultivated a very good relationship with his powerful overlord Sultan Sandschar , whom he was on his campaigns to Samarkand (1130) and Ghazna (1135/36) accompanied.

At the same time, the ambitious Khorezm Shah also expanded his own power by making increasing use of Turkish nomadic tribes to set up a powerful army, with which he soon reached the Ustyurt plateau with the Mangyshlak peninsula and the region on the lower reaches of the Syrdarjas with the important one City of Jand conquered.

This steady increase in Atsiz's power led to the first tensions with Sandschar from around 1135, which finally culminated in the fact that the Anuschteginide tried three times (1138/39, 1141/42 and 1143/44) to free himself from Seljuk rule. In his second revolt, he managed to temporarily occupy the cities of Merv and Nishapur . During the third revolt, he hired two assassins to murder Sultan Sandjar, who after Atsiz's first revolt had his son Atligh (Atlïġ) executed. Sanjar could beat every time Atsiz and Khorezm but occupy, had to be confined to the rebellious, the Choresmiern to subdue supported Shah back to his supremacy, rather than completely remove him (1143/4 and 1147/8).

From 1141 onwards, that of the non-Muslim Qara-Chitai , who (expelled from northern China ) to the west , came to the suzerainty of Sandjar, during which from 1153 to 1156 the permanent capture by rebellious Oghuz Atsiz actually behaved loyally and refrained from a fourth attempt at rebellion had moved and as a result of a victory over the Seljuks (in the battle of Qatwan) had subdued almost all of Turkestan (including Khorezm). However, the new supremacy of Central Asia hardly interfered in the internal affairs of Choresm and contented itself with annual tribute payments.

Ala ad-Dunya wa-d-Din Atsiz - who is rightly regarded as the initiator of the energetic expansion policy that will lead to the establishment of a powerful empire among his successors - died in 1156 (at the age of 95) despite everything as a vassal of the Great Seljuks and the Qara Chitai. His eldest son and previous governor in Jand Il-Arslan (ruled 1156–1172) succeeded him on the throne of the Khorezm Shahs .

The patronage of the arts was also carried out at the court of the up-and-coming Khorezm Shahs and so among others the famous writer Raschid ad-Din Vatvat , who served his patron as panegyric and state chancellor, was in the wake of Atsiz , who was described as particularly cultivated .

Noah Gordon used set pieces from Atsiz's life in his novel The Medicus .

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personal data
SURNAME Ala ad-Din Atsiz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES علاء الدين أتسز
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Choresm Shah
DATE OF BIRTH before 1128
DATE OF DEATH July 30, 1156