Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez (born December 16, 1831 in Bagaces , Guanacaste , Costa Rica , † July 6, 1882 in Alajuela , Costa Rica) was President of Costa Rica.
Life
His parents were María Gutiérrez y Flores and Rudesindo de la Guardia y Robles. He married Perfecta Barrios y Ladrero in 1850 and Emilia Solórzano y Alfaro in 1857. In this marriage Angélica Guardia Solórzano was born, the wife of Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez .
He had little education, was in the military, took part in the campaigns against the Filibusteropiraten of William Walker (mercenary) and was seriously injured in the Battle of San George. He then became the military commander of Alajuela . After he had overthrown Jesús Jiménez Zamora in 1870 , he installed Bruno Carranza Ramírez as president, who promoted him to division general and appointed commander in chief of the army of Costa Rica.
Presidency
The constituent assembly appointed him president. Guardia then dissolved this meeting in October 1870. In 1871 another constituent assembly met and issued the 1871 constitution.
In 1871, Henry Meiggs, an uncle of Minor Keith, signed a contract with the Guardia government to set up a rail link from San José to Puerto Limón . For the financing, expensive loans were taken out, which form the basis of Costa Rica's debt. In elections in April 1872, Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez was elected president for four years. In 1876 Guardia gave the presidency to Aniceto del Carmen Esquivel Sáenz , who had been elected for the period from 1876 to 1880, but remained in command of the army.
In mid-1876 he became an agent of the government Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz, in the government of Justo Rufino Barrios Auyón in Guatemala. There he negotiated the Tratado Guardia-Salazar with the local agent Ramón Salazar . According to the agreement, the government of Costa Rica should adopt Barrios' anti- Jesuit policy, prohibit Jesuits from staying in Costa Rica and close the Colegio San Luis Gonzaga de Cartago . Tomás Guardia, the de facto ruler of Costa Rica, took his time to implement it. Which contributed to the fact that the Barrios government was not recognized the puppet government of Vicente Herrera Zeledón.
From July 30, 1876 to September 23, 1877, Vicente Herrera Zeledón was formally president. Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez remained the dictatorial president of Costa Rica until his death on July 6, 1882. Shortly before his death, he ended the state of emergency and enacted the constitution of 1871, with a few changes. One of the changes was that the death penalty had been abolished.
Guardia could count on devoted friends who allowed him to travel long distances of six to seven months without suffering any loss of power. There were various attempts at coups by Federico Fernández Oreamuno (1827-1896), the father of Alberto Brenes Córdoba.
His son-in-law was Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez .
Individual evidence
- ↑ en: Hubert Howe Bancroft , HISTORY OF CENTRAL AMERICA | content | c 5 p.79-107 | c 7 p.127-144 | c 8 p.145-164 | c11 p.215-237 | c12 p.238-263 | c13 p.264-284 | c14 p.285-308 | c17 p.347-370 | c18 p.371-391 | c19 p.392-412 | c22 p.453-569 , THE HISTORY COMPANY, PUBLISHERS SAN FRANCISCO, 1887
References
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Bruno Carranza Ramírez |
President of Costa Rica August 8, 1870 to November 21, 1873 |
Salvador González Ramírez |
| Rafael Barroeta Baca |
President of Costa Rica February 28, 1874 to May 19, 1876 |
Aniceto del Carmen Esquivel Sáenz |
| Vicente Herrera Zeledón |
President of Costa Rica July 30, 1876 to June 10, 1881 |
Salvador Lara Zamora |
| Salvador Lara Zamora |
President of Costa Rica January 23, 1882 to July 6, 1882 |
Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Guardia Gutiérrez, Tomás |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | President of Costa Rica |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 16, 1831 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Bagaces , Guanacaste, Costa Rica |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 6, 1882 |
| Place of death | Alajuela , Costa Rica |