Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer

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Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer

Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer , from 1860 Ritter von Hackländer (born November 1, 1816 in Burtscheid , † July 6, 1877 in Leoni ) was a German writer .

Life

Caricature by Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer. From the album of the Stuttgart artist society "Das Strahlende Bergwerk", of which he was the founder
Grave of Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer in the Prague cemetery in Stuttgart

Hackländer was born on November 1, 1816 in Burtscheid, today a district of Aachen , and grew up orphaned in poor circumstances with various relatives. In his The Novel of My Life he wrote that his father was a teacher at a one-class Burtscheider simultaneous school and that he and Alfred Rethel attended it. At the age of 14 he was put into a commercial apprenticeship that was unsatisfactory for him. However, he was drawn to the military and so he joined the 7th Artillery Brigade in Düsseldorf at the age of 16 , where he could not make a great career.

Eventually he began to write down his experiences and experiences, and he became a successful writer. His humorous and realistic manner quickly made him popular, and by the middle of the 19th century he was one of the most widely read writers in Germany. Hackländer's novel Handel und Wandel (1850) is likely to have inspired Gustav Freytag to develop his debit and credit (1855).

After moving to Stuttgart in 1840 , a new career began: in 1843 he became court advisor, secretary and travel companion to Crown Prince Karl of Württemberg . He got to know court life. In 1849 he resigned from the service and became a war correspondent for Cotta's newspapers. In 1859 he was again in the civil service in Württemberg as director of the royal buildings and gardens (Stuttgart Palace Square).

Hackländer traveled to many countries. 1840–41 he undertook a journey of several months to the Orient (see below). From November 1843 he accompanied the Württemberg Crown Prince Karl on a trip to Italy. In 1848/49 Hackländer was a war correspondent in Italy . “A Winter in Spain ” (together with Christian Friedrich von Leins ) was published in 1855.

In 1860 Hackländer was raised to hereditary nobility by the Austrian Emperor as the "Knight of Hackländer" .

Hackländer died on July 6, 1877 in his villa in Leoni on Lake Starnberg.

His grave is in Stuttgart in the Prague cemetery . Arno Schmidt set a memorial to Hackländer, who had been largely forgotten until then, in his novel Abend mit Goldrand (1975): once in the figure of the Hackländer-enthusiastic major Eugen Fohrbach, but above all in a conversation about Hackländer in Figure 8 (in the original edition on pages 28–35) of the novel.

In his birthplace in Aachen-Burtscheid, a street today commemorates Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer, as is the case in Munich. In 2016, a plaque commemorating him was unveiled on the site of his birthplace.

Orient trip 1840–41

Hackländer set out from Stuttgart at the end of September 1840 on an extensive trip to the Orient. The opportunity arose after he came to Stuttgart in April. Hackländer “heard from a Baron v. Taubenheim, who was planning a trip to the Orient, followed his request and the encouragement of some friends who arranged for the baron to take him in as a third travel companion to two other fellow travelers, a doctor and a painter ”. Baron Wilhelm von Taubenheim (1805–1894) was chamberlain and colonel stable master of the Württemberg king, and Hackländer later dedicated his travelogue to him. The other fellow travelers were the doctor Karl Bopp (1817–1847) and the painter Carl Friedrich Frisch .

Hackländer reached the city of Ruse on the Lower Danube via Regensburg, Vienna and Budapest in October after a steamboat trip . From there, he crossed eastern Bulgaria to get to Constantinople by land . He wrote a letter to the Tübinger Morgenblatt for educated readers about the trip from Ruse to Constantinople . These letters appeared from the middle of January without naming the author; At that time, Hackländer was still in Syria and Lebanon. During the steamship between Budapest and Ruse, he shared the ship with the English Lord Charles William Vane , who was also on the way to Constantinople with his wife and large entourage. Hackländer et al. Reported on this (in his view bizarre) travel company. a. in his humorous essay "British Travelers in the Orient" published in 1842.

In the further course of his trip to the Orient, Hackländer visited Rhodes (December), Beirut , Damascus , Palmyra , Jerusalem , Jaffa , Cairo and Alexandria . He returned across the Mediterranean via Malta, Sicily (April), Naples and Genoa . In mid-June he was back in Stuttgart. A contemporary newspaper note reports just a few days after the travelers' return that "the writer Hackländer, who was born in northern Germany (!)," Captivated the audience with his "witty descriptions and depictions of the travel adventures he had experienced"; It is also reported that Hackländer had brought “several things of value” as well as the “horses of the rarest races and beauty” acquired in Syria on behalf of Taubenheim (who had remained in Italy) to Stuttgart, for which the baron gave him a “precious diamond ring “Handed over.

Themes and style

Hackländer is characterized by the inclusion of contemporary aspects in his novels. He was the first to address the topic of industrialization in his works. He is inspired by contemporary personalities. His fictional character Wilbert in Petrel were Jacob Wothly and Joseph Albert Pate.

Four Kings (1841)

Hackländer's first book publication met with a positive response and made his name known. One reviewer wrote about the work: “A fresh, bold spirit, which is just as happy to create in the nebulous realm of fantasy as to describe the common reality of existing conditions, is documented in this book. ... We find Hackländer's fictions very lovely, piquant, willful-baroque, poetic, but the style, in its genuinely modern prudence, leaves us sane and keeps us sober. "

Daguerreotypes (1842)

Hackländer's report on his trip to the Orient (first published in 1842) was received in the contemporary press as a more or less successful attempt by a young literary talent. One reviewer wrote of his style: “Mr. H. knows how to tell an excellent story. The greater part of these two volumes is already in the section. Morgenblatt v. J. 1841 communicated ... In the same way, those who are familiar with the travel literature of the Orient will not find important new information here, since the author did not pursue a scientific tendency, but rather provided a picturesque travel description. But those who are satisfied with it will read the trip with pleasure. People and animals and regions, dangers and adventures, whether the latter are funny or questionable, are presented with so much fantasy and truth or even with a cheerful mood that the reader himself can believe he is a fellow traveler and on the scene ”. Another reviewer attested Hackländer "boyish joke" and continued:

“The young man is attached to life and its appearances with healthy, happy senses; He did not study times and peoples; history and natural sciences were not part of the preparations for his heavenly journey; He is too young and restless for ingenious observations, reflections and combinations. As we hear, does he have hardly enough patience to write, and he'd rather dictate, the young man! How could he be expected to have made a job of communicating it after the journey itself, which was a strain? ... Now, of course, one notices the impatient communication even of his unequal style, which is often more neglected and confused than one can approve of. ... It can be imagined that with such neglect of expression and sentence formation in detail, little attention and diligence has been devoted to beautiful grouping, to careful distribution of light and shadow in the overall representation. Everything is as straight and just as it was experienced; only that the narrator often walks comfortably through the unimportant, but rides through the content at a gallop. "

The reviewer of the Viennese magazine was more benevolent and found Hackländer's travelogue to be praised: “The wealth of interesting pictures that the author encountered on this trip was depicted with loyal, lively, warm colors. ... The natural, unpretentious language in which the author describes his experiences and which many tourists, who saw far less but spoke more decisively and pretentiously, would have done better to imitate is to be praised, is the natural, undemanding language. The simple, touching expressions, with whom the author describes the emotions which permeated him during his stay in Jerusalem, do honor to his pure and poetic mind. "

The Swiss Palestine researcher Titus Tobler , who was more interested in the content of Hackländer's report than in his feelings, only thought of it with three short sentences: “The author was in the Hornung in Jerusalem. He is a believer in legends and a romantic. Almost worthless ”.

Works

1840

  • “Abtei Heysterbach”, morning paper for educated readers , no. 135 (June 5, 1840), p. 537 f.
  • “Auf der Wache”, Morgenblatt for educated readers , No. 182 (July 31, 1840), p. 725 f.
  • "Pictures from the soldiers' life in peace", appeared in numerous sequels in the morning paper for educated readers , from No. 219 (September 12, 1840),

1841

  • Four kings. Images from the life of a soldier. With pen drawings by Theodor Hoffmann, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe. Hackländer's first book publication contains the second part of pictures from the life of a soldier in peace . There are two issues from the same year with different information on the title page ( Digitalisat SUB Göttingen / Digitalisat BSB Munich ). The book was published under the title The Soldier's Life in Peace in 1844 and in later years.
  • (anonymous) "Landreise von Rutschuk [!] to Constantinopel", morning paper for educated readers , No. 10 ff. (January 12, 1841 ff.).

1842

  • “British Travelers in the Orient”, Europe. Chronicle of the Educated World , fourth volume from 1842, pp. 417–437. Later reprinted in the Humoristische Erzählungen (1847) and in the fifth volume of Hackländers Humoristische Schriften , Stuttgart 1862 (third edition), pp. 5–25.
  • Daguerreotypes. Recorded during a trip to the Orient in 1840 and 1841 , 2 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized volume I - digitized volume II ).

1843

  • Fairy tale. With six original steel engravings by JB Zwecker , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized ). Published again as Volume XIII in the Complete Edition of the Works (Stuttgart 1855; second edition 1863). An American edition appeared in Philadelphia in 1870 under the title Enchanting and Enchanted . A modern children's edition was published in 1993 under the title Der Schneider der Zwerge, or: Vom Schwatzen und Schweigen in Munich (Domino Verlag).
  • “The story of the one-arm”, cathedral building blocks . From an association of German poets and artists. 1843. As a contribution to the expansion of Cologne Cathedral , Karlsruhe: F. Gutsch and Rupp, pp. 352–407.

1845

  • Guard room adventure , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized ). A second edition was printed in 1852 before another two volumes with the same title appeared in 1853.

1846

  • Journey to the Orient. Second, improved edition of: Daguerreotypes , 2 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized volume I - digitized volume II ). Apart from minor details, the text is identical to the daguerreotypes from 1842, but has been shortened by a few passages compared to the first edition. Later printed in Volume VIII of the complete edition of Hackländer's works (Stuttgart 1855). A new edition was published in 2004 by Olms Verlag in the Documenta Arabica series .
  • The life of a soldier in peace. Third edition , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe. A fourth edition appeared in 1850 ( digitized version ).

1847

  • The pilgrimage to Mecca. Oriental legends and stories , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized ).
  • Humorous stories , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized version ).

1848

  • Soldier life. Comic opera in three acts , Stuttgart; Musikalienverwalter Fein, undated (presumed publication date: 1848).

1849

  • Pictures from the life of a soldier in the war , Stuttgart - Tübingen: JG Cotta. Reprinted in a second, unchanged edition in 1850.

1850

  • Pictures from life , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized ).
  • Trade and Change , 2 volumes, Berlin: Franz Duncker.

1851

  • The secret agent . Comedy in five acts , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized version ).
  • Nameless stories , 3 volumes, Stuttgart: Carl Krabbe ( digitized volume I ). A new, revised edition appeared in 1856 (Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe).

1852

  • Eugen Stillfried , 3 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.

1853

1854

  • European slave life , 4 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe. A third revised edition was published in five volumes in 1857.
  • Soldier stories not illustrated. A yearbook for the military and his friends 1854 , Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger ( digitized ).

1855

1855

  • FW Hackländer's works. First total edition , volumes I-XVI, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe. Including the volumes published in later years, the complete edition finally comprised 60 volumes when it was completed in 1873.

1856

  • FW Hackländer's works. First total edition , volumes XVII-XX, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
  • “The first assembly of German visual artists”, house sheets , volume IV of 1856 (Stuttgart), pp. 298-320.
  • “Eine Regenstudie”, Hausblätter , Volume I of 1856, pp. 154–160.
  • “Stories of a Weather Vane ”, Hausblätter , Volume I of 1856, pp. 1–17, 198–207, 257–267; Jbd. IV of 1856 (Stuttgart), pp. 341-361.

1857

  • The moment of happiness , 2 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized volume I ), ( digitized ).
  • European slave life. Third revised edition in five volumes , 5 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
  • Soldier stories for the military and its friends , 4 volumes, Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger.
  • To be in retirement. A comedy in four acts , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized ).
  • “About Italian Theater”, House Papers , Volume I of 1857 (Stuttgart), pp. 479-486.
  • “Christmas Eve in Venice”, Hausblätter , Volume I of 1857 (Stuttgart), pp. 235–256.

1858

  • The new Don Quixote , 5 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
  • Soldier stories for the military and their friends , 3 volumes, Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger.
  • “How the light is extinguished”, Hausblätter , Volume I of 1858 (Stuttgart), pp. 62–74.

1859

  • War and peace. Stories and Pictures , 2 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.

1860

  • FW Hackländer's works. First total edition , volumes XXI-XXXIV, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
  • The Tannhauser. A history of artists , 2 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
  • Day and night: a story in twenty-four hours. With illustrations, 2 volumes, Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger 1860.

1861

  • The change of life , 3 volumes, Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger.
  • Diary sheets , 2 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized volume I ).

1863

  • The dark hour , 5 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.

1865

  • The lost Son. Comedy in three acts , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe ( digitized ).
  • Prince and Cavalier , Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger ( digitized version ).
  • From the Haidehaus. The widow's lot. The bluebeard. Bud study. London exhibition tour , Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger ( digital copy ).

1866

  • FW Hackländer's newer works. First total edition , volumes I-XIV, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe. (= Volumes of the complete edition XXXV-XLVIII / 35–48).
  • Artist novel , 5 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.

1867

  • New stories. Volume I: The Toreador. A railroad adventure. ( Digitized version ). Volume II: At the hearth fire. Wanderlust ( digitized version ), Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger.

1868

1869

  • Behind blue glasses. Humorous novella , Leipzig - Vienna: C. Dittmarsch ( digitized ).

1870

  • The last Bombardier, 4 volumes, Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
  • Near and far. The traces of a novel. Among the papal Zouaves , second edition, Stuttgart - Leipzig: Eduard Hallberger ( digitized ).

1871

  • Stories in Zigzag , 4 volumes, Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger.
  • Carefree hours in cheerful stories . Volume I: The Montechi and Capuletti. From the saber pocket. In the ladies' coupé . Volume II: Behind Blue Glasses. On a garden bench. Travel fraud. A weather study , Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.

1872

  • The petrel , 4 volumes, Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger.
  • Volunteer before! War images from the campaigns in 1870 , Leipzig - Vienna: C. Dittmarsch ( digitized ).

1873

  • FW Hackländer's works. First total edition , volumes XLIX-LX (49-60), Stuttgart: A. Kröner. After the publication of the complete edition in the years 1855–56, 1860 and 1866, this sequel was referred to as the "fourth series".

1874

  • Sign of cain. Novel , 4 volumes, Stuttgart: A. Kröner.
  • Lohengrin. Novella , Vienna: C. Dittmarsch ( digitized version )
  • Zeros. Novel with border decorations. Stories in Zigzag , 3 volumes, Stuttgart: Eduard Hallberger ( digitized from volume I ).

1875

  • Diplomatic threads. Comedy in three acts , Leipzig: Oswald Mutze ( digitized ).
  • Hackländer's story book , 2 volumes, Stuttgart: A. Kröner.
  • Two nights , Munich: K. Oldenbourg (Deutscher Novellenschatz Volume 23).
    • In: German Novellenschatz . Edited by Paul Heyse and Hermann Kurz. Vol. 23, 2nd ed. Berlin, [1910], pp. 109-174. In: Weitin, Thomas (Ed.): Fully digitized corpus. The German Novellenschatz . Darmstadt / Konstanz, 2016. ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )

1876

  • Prohibited fruits. Roman , 2 volumes, Stuttgart ( Digitalisat Volume I . Digitalisat Volume II ). An American edition (translated by Rosalie Kaufman) appeared in Boston in 1877 under the title Forbidden Fruit .

1878 (posthumous)

  • The novel of my life
  • Friedrich Hackländer: The novel of my life. Volume 1. Stuttgart: A. Krabbe, 1878.
  • Friedrich Hackländer: The novel of my life. Volume 2. Stuttgart: A. Krabbe, 1878.

1879 (posthumous)

  • Last novels by FW Hackländer: With his first literary attempt . Contents: Angelika- La Gitana - The fairy tale of the ice fairy - In the catacombs - The promised work , Stuttgart: Carl Krabbe 1879.

Hackländer's works have been translated into numerous European foreign languages, especially Dutch, and some into Japanese.

Apartments

From 1840 Hackländer lived in rented apartments in Stuttgart, from 1844 in the New Palace , from 1850 again in rented apartments, and from 1861 in his own house. From 1856 he lived in his Haidehaus in Stuttgart during the summer months, and from 1868 in his Haidehaus in Leoni

City apartments in Stuttgart

Former Hackländerhaus, originally at Urbanstrasse 10, moved to Schoderstrasse 7 in 1910.

On April 15, 1840, Hackländer came to Stuttgart with his friend Rudolph Neuburg, where he took up a job at the bookseller Paul Neff . They rented an apartment together for the first four weeks "at the very end of Sophienstrasse". Then they dissolved their shared apartment and Hackländer moved "into the small room of a rear building on Friedrichstrasse", whose location in the middle of gardens delighted him. After returning from his trip to the Orient in mid-1841, he rented the ground floor apartment of the house at Kanzleistraße 21 until Crown Prince Karl's trip to Italy , the salon of which developed into a cultural meeting place.

From November 1843 he accompanied the Crown Prince on his trip to Italy and after his return in 1844 received “two friendly rooms for me and one for my servant in the upper rooms of the new castle, but attic rooms, like most up here, but high and spacious. Next to the large staircase, a small, somewhat dark, one led directly to the apartments of the Crown Prince on the ground floor. ”After his dismissal as private secretary in 1849, he initially found“ two rooms in the house of the bookseller L. Hallberger on Königsstrasse, which was quite suitable for me The house and location was one of the most elegant in Stuttgart and yet I was not allowed to give my enemies the pleasure of moving to the third floor of a side street ”. From 1850 to 1860 he lived in the vicinity of the palace in Neckarstraße 34, in Kanzleistraße 15, in Charlottenstraße 9 and in Dorotheenstraße 2. From 1856 he lived in his summer house in Stuttgart, from 1868 in Leoni.

In 1859 Hackländer was appointed royal building and gardening director. He had his friend Christian Friedrich Leins build a house for himself at Urbanstrasse 10, “a stately, very comfortable house, which, however, was a bit too grand for his own standards, which is why he later sold it to buy a new one right next to it built simpler apartment, but built according to his and his family's needs ”. He lived in the house at Uhlandstrasse 1, on the corner of Urbanstrasse 10, with his wife from 1872 until his death in 1877. His wife Karoline survived him by 23 years and lived in the house until her death in 1900. The former Hackländerhaus in der Urbanstraße 10 was demolished in 1910 and rebuilt by the architects Bihl & Woltz using the old materials in its old form in the north of Stuttgart at Schoderstraße 7.

Haidehaus in Stuttgart

Hackländer's country house in Stuttgart, 1852.

In 1878 Hackländer wrote in retrospect in his memoirs: “I have always raved about life in the country and imagined it to be the greatest happiness to own something similar myself, to be able to live in such a country house in summer and winter ... blissful fantasies that too later partially come true! ”In 1845 the construction of the crown prince's summer residence, the Villa Berg, began . Hackländer, who was in close contact with the Crown Prince, played an important role in the organization and supervision of the work. In the same year Hackländer acquired an overgrown garden and some vineyards in the area on the Gänsheide , a then undeveloped plateau outside the city. In 1847 he had the no longer needed building hut at Villa Berg built and expanded in his garden, "which gave a very impressive building". In 1848 the Haidehaus, as Hackländer called it, was "under one roof". The Haidehaus became his refuge, and from 1856 he had an entry in the address book: "Lives on his estate during the summer months". From 1859 to 1864 he was the royal building and gardening director and, among other things, made a contribution to the design of the palace square. After King Wilhelm's death in 1864, he was dismissed from office. He sold the Haidehaus, which was acquired by Robert Bosch in 1909 and demolished to make room for the Villa Bosch.

Hackländer erected a literary monument to his Haidehaus in Stuttgart with the novella "Haidehaus", published by #Lauxmann in 1932 . In his collection of novels “Vom Haidehaus” from 1865, Hackländer only mentions the Haidehaus in the foreword, “where most of the present stories were created, looked through and put together.”

Haidehaus in Leoni

After his release from the Office of the Building and garden director and the sale of the heath house Hackländer kept his apartment in the city, but acquired in 1868 as a new retreat a country house in Leoni at the Lake Starnberg , which he called again Haidehaus and today Villa Hackländer called becomes. In his memoirs he wrote: “The dear Haidehaus was also sold, but only because an even sweeter summer seat at Leoni on Lake Starnberg was to be won for it.” In 1869, Eduard Hallberger , the publisher of the magazine “Über Land und Meer”, became its editor Hackländer was, through the acquisition of Tutzing Castle, to his neighbor on the other side of the lake. Hackländer died on July 6, 1877 in his house in Leoni. In November of that year his widow Karoline published an advertisement for the house in the magazine “Über Land und Meer”.

  • Hackländer's country house in Leoni, 2015.

  • Advertisement for Hackländer's country house in Leoni, 1877.

literature

life and work

Dwellings

  • Hackländer's Haidehaus. In: Jörg Kurz: "The Gänsheide: History and Culture." Stuttgart: Verlag im Ziegelhaus, 2007, pages 21-23.
  • Hackländer's “Heidehaus”. In: Richard Lauxmann: The Stuttgart Gänsheide in words and pictures. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1932, pages 26-33.

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stuttgart im Bild - Friedrich Wilhelm Hackländer ( Memento from April 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ^ Review of the "Daguerreotypes" . In: Sheets for literary entertainment . No. 75 , March 16, 1843, p. 298 .
  3. ^ Dispatch from Stuttgart . In: The Bavarian Express . No. 86 . Munich July 18, 1841, p. 684 .
  4. ↑ FW Hackländer initially wrote this novel on the sea as a serial for his magazine, founded in 1858: "Über Land und Meer". The Sturmvogel was published as a 4-volume edition in 1871 by Hallberger in Stuttgart, 2nd edition. 1874. a. also translated into Hungarian. Frdl. Information v. K. Younger.
  5. ↑ Review of "Four Kings" . In: Sheets for literary entertainment . No. 110 , April 20, 1842, p. 443 .
  6. ^ Review of the "Daguerreotypes" . In: Repertory of the entire German literature . tape XXXIV . Leipzig 1842, p. 150 .
  7. ^ Review of the "Daguerreotypes" . In: Sheets for literary entertainment . No. 75 , March 16, 1843, p. 298 f .
  8. ^ Review of the "Daguerreotypes" . In: Viennese magazine for art, literature, theater and fashion . No. 79 , April 21, 1843, pp. 629 .
  9. ↑ Titus Tobler: Two books Topography of Jerusalem and its surroundings . tape I . Berlin 1853, p. lxxvii .
  10. ↑ A first version of part of Hackländer's travelogue, which was first published in 1842 as a daguerreotype . The text was written in letter form during his trip and appeared in two parts and anonymously before his return
  11. ^ Digitized edition of the University and State Library in Düsseldorf from day and night: A story in twenty-four hours.
  12. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.1 , page 197.
  13. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.1 , page 242. - For the period from 1840 to 1844, only the Stuttgart address books from 1841 and 1844 have survived . Hackländer was listed in the 1841 address book as an "actor in the bazaar" (he had tried unsuccessfully as an actor in his early days in Stuttgart and lived in the "Großer Bazar", a large department store on the corner of Königstrasse and Kanzleistrasse, the upper floors of which were rented out as apartments) . In the 1844 address book Hackländer can be found as “Phil. Dr., Writer “(Hackländer only had elementary school education and no doctorate), lives at Kanzleistraße 21.
  14. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.2 , page 23.
  15. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.2 , page 246. - Ludwig Hallberger's house was Königstrasse 3 ( → illustration ).
  16. ^ Stuttgart address books.
  17. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.2 , page 342.
  18. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.1 , page 362.
  19. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.2 , pp. 73–77, 121, 183–184.
  20. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.2 , pp. 198–200.
  21. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.2 , pp. 228–233.
  22. ↑ # Hackländer 1878.2 , page 342.
personal data
SURNAME Hackländer, Friedrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1816
PLACE OF BIRTH Burtscheid
DATE OF DEATH July 6, 1877
Place of death Leoni