Gänsheide
 district of Stuttgart |
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| Coordinates | 48 ° 46 '32 " N , 9 ° 11' 45" E |
| surface | 0.86 km² |
| Residents | 3808 (May 31, 2020) |
| Population density | 4428 inhabitants / km² |
| Post Code | 70184 |
| prefix | 0711 |
| Borough | Stuttgart-East |
| Source: Data Compass Stuttgart (PDF; 4.15 MB) | |
The Gänsheide is a district in the east of Stuttgart and covers the plateau between the Uhlandshöhe and the Geroksruhe (southern course). With the districts of Gaisburg , Berg , Gablenberg , Ostheim , Frauenkopf , Stöckach and Uhlandshöhe, it has formed the inner district of Stuttgart-East since 2001. The Gänsheide is one of the renowned areas of Stuttgart, not least because the Gänsheide Association, an organization that had set itself the task of strictly preventing large housing developments in favor of a noble villa quarter, had been formed as early as 1901 .
Field name
Today's popular term Gänsheide goes back to its most original (known) name as Gennswaidheide with the Gennswald , which dates back to 1447. However, it is assumed that an earlier name from the conceptual fusion of goose willow forest and heather to goose willow forest heather preceded it. Despite the etymology pointing to goose farming , the dry area of the plateau was unsuitable for keeping goose. Rather, goat and cattle farming predominated. In a stock book from 1632, the plateau is mentioned as Geyssheyd and Gablenberger Heid .
On the other hand, since a well led its water over the upper end of Gablenberg, the terms Gänswald (formerly Gennswald) and Gänsweiden (i.e. goose keeping) could also come from this.
The Gänsheide was an old common land , therefore a region that could be used by all cattle farmers, as it belonged to everyone. The Gänsheide was pacified by a fence against red and wild boar damage. The Gablenberg shepherd had to close its three gates at night.
Geology and history
The Gänsheide represents the rest of a primeval sea, which is why various Keup layers with gypsum marl and red and green reed sandstone can be found. The latter was removed from the surrounding quarries as stone for the construction of houses and churches in Stuttgart. At the level of the Geroksruhe there is white sandstone , once a suitable medium for sweeping wooden floors. When the garden of the Villa Bosch , built in 1912 , was laid out, traces of prehistoric animals, such as three-toed dinosaurs , were found in the excavated slabs of sandstone .
The first legacies of settlement on Gänsheide go back to Roman times . In 1881 scientists discovered various foundations of buildings on the territory of the Geroksruhe , as well as remains of a Diana relief and coins from the 2nd and 3rd centuries. One suspects an ancient quarry there, to which a stonemason workshop was probably attached. The Romans also used the parlor sandstone on the Geroksruhe to design columns and pictures, fragments of which have remained. Today's old Gablenberg cattle drive , which was also part of a Roman highway, was used to transport the goods in and out . One of the numerous racing routes scattered throughout Germany can also be found as a branch at the Geroksruhe. Such a prehistoric path came from the Filder and led below the Frauenkopf on the ridge to the Wangener Höhe . From there he continued to head to what is now Hedelfingen .
After the fall of the Staufer, Rudolf von Habsburg besieged Stuttgart in 1286. A wagon castle was created as a circular defensive shield for supply wagons. It is believed that a position was taken at the level of Eugenplatz in order to break the city wall ring. After weeks of siege, the resistance broke. Today, for example, the "Wagenburgstrasse", the "Wagenburg Tunnel" and the "Wagenburggymnasium" remind us of these events in terms of terminology.
The northern edge of the Gänsheide was characterized by large quarries since the Middle Ages (14th - 16th centuries). This applies to extensive areas of Stafflenbergstrasse ( Rote Wand ) with the largest and oldest quarry in Stuttgart. In the period between 1900 and 1915 it was completely recultivated along today's Haußmannstrasse ( White Stone Pit ), today hidden by the large Waldorf School buildings and behind the Villa Hauff .
Work and sights on the Gänsheide
First developments
In the year 1702, the on going Gellertstraße lying canon Häusle (also stucco or noise Häusle) back. This was fundamentally remodeled and increased in 1863. From this high watch, the population in the town basin was warned of fires by means of noise cannons. It was a security measure that resulted (before the invention of the telephone) from the experience of a devastating fire in the old town of Esslingen . There was no military ambition associated with his name. On festive occasions, the field guard also shot salutes from here. The Kanonenhäusle also gave its name to the Kanonenweg , which lies lower on the hillside , which was renamed Haußmannstrasse after the war (the name was given by a democratic family Haußmann ) and offers a clear panorama of the Gänsheide of the city center.
Hackländer's Haidehaus was the first residential building on the Gänsheide. It dates from 1847. However, it was only used as a summer residence. Hackländer received prominent guests there, such as the poet, doctor and writer Justinus Kerner , the Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen and also Ferdinand Freiligrath and Ottilie Wildermuth . The building was demolished in 1910 and more - to transition the site become the property of the manufacturer Robert Bosch - the still extant palatial neo - Villa Bosch . Today the Robert Bosch Foundation has its headquarters in this building . In 2004 an award-winning new building for the foundation, the Heidehof house , was also built on the property .
The Gänsheide was shaped by numerous summer houses and artist houses. For example, the Kappis-Haaga country house built by Albert Kappis in the Black Forest style, which, however, was sold to the special machine manufacturer Adolf Haaga ("Circular knitting machine factory Gebrüder Haaga", located in Böheimstrasse in Heslach ) before the family moved in . For a long time, a large property adorned with towers was the landmark of Gänsheide, Villa Gierth and the impressive Gierth garden house . The latter had to give way to road construction. The owner was the fur trader Gierth. The animal painter and resident artist of Nill's zoo , August Specht , built his summer house Specht on the Gänsheide .
19th century villas
A number of splendid villas were built in the 19th century, none of which have survived today. However, they are mentioned to give a basic impression of the style and to serve as an explanation for the naming of streets.
The Villa Wagenburg from 1863 was the first of the well-known villas to be built in the 19th century . This villa, built in a country house style , was created from a summer house and stood out due to its high tower on the mountain side. The villa has not existed since the Second World War , but was in the center of the wagon castle built in 1286 .
It was followed by the Villa Miller in 1866. They, too, does not exist anymore, but was at the current site of the Church of St. Konrad in the Stafflenbergstrasse.
The Villa Clason (later Villa Alexandra going back to Princess Alexandra zu Ysenburg and Büdingen ) was built in 1873/74 in Wagenburgstrasse . Characteristics of this building were two characteristic corner towers, high roof sections and curved gables, based on castles of the French Renaissance . The architect of the house was Carl Walter , who was also responsible for various buildings in the city center. After various changes of ownership, the villa was demolished in 1909.
The Villa Lebanon followed in 1875. It belonged to the naturalist Oscar Fraas , who gave his villa its name on the occasion of his return from Lebanon . Both the villa, destroyed in the Second World War, and Fraas itself are namesake for the streets that run there.
The Villa Felix was built in 1877 in the style of the Italian Renaissance. The interim owner was Adele Princess von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen . The villa was demolished in 1921.
In 1886 a sanatorium for the mentally ill was created with the Ottilienhaus . The director of the institution was the son of the young writer Ottilie Wildermuth, from where the name of the property came. Today there is a nursing home built in the 1970s on the site.
In 1898, in the corner between Haussmannstrasse and Gerokstrasse (No. 1), the Villa Clausnitzer emerged unscathed from the war . It was demolished in the 1950s to make way for administrative buildings.
Villas early 20th century
In 1904 the Villa Regina (Hauff) was built as a striking representative of the turning away from dogmatic-historical style architecture towards a more picturesque-romanticizing style assembly that began at the end of the century. It is a knight's castle-like villa built by the architecture firm Karl Hengerer for the chemical manufacturer Friedrich Hauff (also called Villa Hauff), which still serves as a workshop and youth center in Stuttgart (East) today. It was previously a temporary SS base and later a US consulate. A turret was attached to the property and still exists today as a vantage point on the Uhlandshöhe.
Viewed diagonally across the street from Villa Hauff, Haus Sonnenbühl , created in 1901 , is the starting point of the so-called Wagenburg cult . Also known were the Villa Leins (1906) and the Villa Carl Eisenlohr (1906) , both of which were built by the architectural partners Ludwig Eisenlohr and Carl Weigle . Also noteworthy is the villa colony Am Hohengeren from the five-year creation period from 1907 to 1912. Seven of the villas are still protected today. At Villa On Hohengeren 9 was Rowohlt publishing house founded on the third attempt 1945th The so-called Lettenmayer Temple (summit) was also located there .
In 1909 a double villa, which has been preserved to this day, was built in Fraasstraße, built by the historicist architect Albert Eitel and whose right half of the house was inhabited by him and his family until 1918. In 1923 the Eitels built a new house in the catchment area of the Geroksruhe in Pischekstraße, which they lived in between 1923 and 1935.
In 1911 a villa by the architect Paul Bonatz was built in Gellertstrasse , which has served as an extension of the Valentien art gallery located in the Königsbau since 1975 . In the building's sculpture garden there are sculptures by Alfred Hrdlicka , who lived in an apartment on the property during his apprenticeship at the State Academy of Fine Arts .
Historical resting points
- Shortly before the approach to the Wangener Höhe, there is the Geroksruhe , a former promenade with a shelter and an adjoining restaurant ( high-altitude restaurant from 1898) and today's viewing and children's playground. The name goes back to the pastor and poet Karl von Gerok , who went on hikes from this place during his stays in Stuttgart. The Restaurant-Hotel Geroksruhe was opposite the Höhenrestaurant . This came from 1880 and was a popular excursion restaurant with a large beer garden. The large old hotel building was torn down in 1995 and replaced by a new building.
- The restaurant Restauration zum Bubenbad was opened in 1875 by Johann Gottlieb Eckart. It was a popular place for excursions in Stuttgart and was equally frequented by citizens and the king and court. The spot is still used for gastronomic purposes today.
- The Kurhaus Gänsheide , built in 1890, got the name Kurhaus Zorn after it was taken over by a new owner and competed with the restoration of the Bubenbad for its importance as the most important pub and social center on the Gänsheide. The Kurhaus Zorn was demolished in 1908. Today the property of the Baden-Württemberg Art Foundation is located on the site .
Modern times
- The official seat of the State Ministry of Baden-Württemberg and the incumbent Prime Minister, Villa Reitzenstein from the years 1910–1913, is located on the Gänsheide . In 1922 it became the seat of government. In the neighborhood resides the Evangelical Oberkirchenrat , the highest service supervisory authority for the administration of the church districts and parishes as well as for regional church works and institutions.
- The Georg von Holtzbrinck publishing group is based on Gänsheide. The Vinzenz von Paul Society also resides in Gänsheidestrasse with one of its facilities.
- The multi-talented artist and university professor , Willi Baumeister , had his Stuttgart studio at Gerokstrasse 37 .
- The Evangelical Heidehof Gymnasium Stuttgart has had its headquarters here since 1912. It emerged from the Heidehof reform school founded in 1908. The structure of the Wagenburg School was completed in 1914. From 1918 lessons were held there (today Wagenburg-Gymnasium ).
- The Christ Church Community of Stuttgart is represented in Hackländerstraße with the Protestant Christ Church, which was built between 1954 and 1956. Since 1914 there was a prayer hall on the Gänsheide for the growing number of parishioners, but it was destroyed in 1943.
- The Merz School, founded in 1918, is located in the extreme southeast .
- The gala fountain, created in 1890 by the architect and sculptor Otto Rieth and the ore caster Paul Stotz (1850–1899), is located on Eugensplatz .
Organizations
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Werner Skrentny, Rolf Schwenker, Sybille Weitz, Ulrich Weitz, s. Ref. (Pp. 239-244).
- ↑ a b c d e Jörg Kurz, Die Gänsheide , pp. 14–55
- ↑ Ulrich Gohl, Brief history of the Gänsheide
- ↑ Harald Schukraft, s. Lit. (p. 17)
- ↑ a b c d Blank, Stuttgarter Villen, pp. 6–13; 30th
- ^ On architectural traces in the east of Stuttgart
- ^ Art gallery Valentien on the Gänsheide
- ↑ The Oberkirchenrat on Gänsheide
- ↑ Art Atelier Willi Baumeister
literature
- Gebhard Blank: Stuttgart Villas in the 19th Century: A companion document to the exhibition in the Wilhelms-Palais from March 18 to August 16, 1987 , Stuttgart 1987.
- Adrienne Braun: In the middle and outside. Stuttgart's quiet corners. Konstanz 2014, pages 82–86 (Kanonenhäusle).
- Jörg Kurz: The Gänsheide, history and culture. Verlag im Ziegelhaus, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-925440-16-8 .
- Werner Skrentny, Rolf Schwenker, Sybille Weitz, Ulrich Weitz: Stuttgart on foot . Silberburg-Verlag , ISBN 978-3-87407-813-9 .
- Harald Schukraft: How Stuttgart became what it is: a short walk through the city's history. Silberburg-Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-87407-222-3
- Richard Lauxmann: The Stuttgart Gänsheide in words and pictures . Published by the Gänsheide Association (EV). Commissioned by W. Kohlhammer, Verlag, Stuttgart 1932