Ostheim (Stuttgart)
 district of Stuttgart |
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| Coordinates | 48 ° 47 '10 " N , 9 ° 12' 28" E |
| surface | 0.97 km² |
| Residents | 14,702 (May 31, 2020) |
| Population density | 15,157 inhabitants / km² |
| Post Code | 70188 |
| prefix | 0711 |
| Borough | Stuttgart-East |
| Source: Data Compass Stuttgart (PDF; 4.15 MB) | |
Ostheim is a district in the East district of Stuttgart , which originally goes back to the workers' settlement Kolonie Ostheim , which was built in 1891 . Today the district also includes settlements built later. Ostheim lies between the much older Stuttgart districts of Berg , Gablenberg and Gaisburg , but has now grown together with these to form a largely closed development.
prehistory
At the end of the 19th century, Stuttgart developed from a tranquil residential city to an industrial metropolis and experienced rapid population growth. From 1870 to 1905 the population of Stuttgart increased from 90,000 to 250,000 people. One of the city's biggest problems was the creation of affordable housing, especially for the growing workforce . Among other things, the association founded in 1866 for the welfare of the working classes (today building and housing association ) campaigned for simple workers and craftsmen . The association was co-founded and headed by the Stuttgart banker and social reformer Eduard Pfeiffer (1835–1921)
Ostheim Colony (1891–1903)
The association's first major housing project was the Ostheim colony workers' settlement . With the help of donations, an undeveloped area of around twelve hectares was purchased between the districts of Berg , Gablenberg and Gaisburg, which had existed since the 12th and 13th centuries . The groundbreaking ceremony for the first house in the settlement was celebrated on October 6, 1891. On July 1, 1892, the master painter Karl Gehr was the first resident to move into his apartment. On July 13th, the Württemberg King Wilhelm II (1848–1921) even visited the settlement that was still under construction.
According to the development plan of the architect Friedrich Gebhardt and the drafts of the architects Karl Heim and Karl Hengerer , a total of 383 houses with 1,267 apartments were built by 1897 and in a second expansion phase by 1903. The construction costs were 7.3 million marks , which was high for the time . The Ostheim colony also included a police station, a post office, the Evangelical St. Luke Church, a children's playground, a daycare center, a primary school and a public library as well as various leisure facilities. There was a swimming pool, an air and sun bath and three restaurants: the Ostheimer beer hall with beer garden and bowling alley, the Teck inn and the Rechberg restaurant , which are the only ones that still exist today. On June 15, 1901, the settlement was connected to the Stuttgart tram network.
Heim and Hengerer designed two- to three-storey single and double houses made of brick on the basis of just four basic types, which are decorated with natural stone or half-timbered houses. In order to make the settlement as varied as possible, each house was given a different appearance thanks to different roof shapes as well as turrets, bay windows and balconies . The buildings were originally planned for two to three families each and had a part of the garden at the back. There are also small front gardens in some streets.
The association for the welfare of the working classes made it possible not only for workers and craftsmen to move to the Ostheim colony , but also for ordinary employees , civil servants and merchants . When choosing tenants , however, care was taken to exclude so-called "anti-social elements" such as alcoholics or prostitutes . Religious or political affiliation, on the other hand, played no role. A good half of the new residents came from the Stuttgart area, most of the others from the rest of Württemberg and Baden . Later, a hire purchase system enabled tenants to buy their apartment or house.
In the heart of the Ostheim colony is the former Teckplatz, which is now called Eduard-Pfeiffer-Platz. A market took place on the square three times a week from 1898. There is also the youth fountain created by the sculptor Karl Donndorf (1870–1941) . Like the colony, it was built on behalf of Eduard Pfeiffer and inaugurated in 1913 on the ten-year anniversary of the completion of the workers' settlement. The fountain is supposed to symbolize the (action) strength and future of the youth.
The Ostheim colony remained almost unscathed during World War II , so that its original character has largely been preserved to this day. Therefore, the former working class neighborhood now stands as an urban whole plant under monument protection .
In the immediate vicinity of the Ostheim Colony , private investors also began building apartment buildings on Ostendplatz as early as 1895 , so that the new district grew rapidly. This process was accelerated by the fact that the previously independent town of Gaisburg was incorporated into the city of Stuttgart on April 1, 1901 .
Ostau Colony (1911–1914)
Eight years after the completion of the Ostheim workers' settlement , the Stuttgart Association for the Welfare of the Working Class began building another housing estate. This Ostau colony was established from 1911 to 1914 at the eastern end of the Ostheim colony - but it was reserved exclusively for members of the middle class such as employees, civil servants and teachers. Accordingly, Ostenau was designed by the architects Karl Hengerer and Julius Rieth even more elaborately than their sister settlement Ostheim . There were bourgeois-representative rows of houses with a total of 261 apartments, the facades and roofs were designed in the style of the Baroque period . In the middle of the settlement, unlike the garden parcels in Ostheim , a large community courtyard surrounded by trees was created - Luisenplatz.
The Ostenau colony was badly damaged in World War II and rebuilt in the early 1950s in a modified form and with more densely built-up areas.
Housing development in the 1920s
In the course of the 1920s, further closed settlements of the city of Stuttgart or housing associations emerged near the original Ostheim colony . It is a matter of:
- Rotenbergstrasse housing estate (1919/1920): The housing estate was built on behalf of the City of Stuttgart by the architect Eugen Steigleder. When the first new housing estate was built in the east of Stuttgart after the First World War , closed house fronts with narrow passages were grouped around a large inner courtyard with communal areas.
- Kanonenweg settlement (1919–1926): Built by the architects Ernst Wagner and Walter Rist on behalf of the Greater Stuttgart settlement association .
- Sickstraße and Teckstraße housing estate (1920–1921): built by a group of architects around Carl Feil on behalf of the city of Stuttgart.
- Abelsbergstrasse and Alfredstrasse housing colony (1921–1923): Built by the architect Carl Reissing on behalf of the Association of Working Classes .
- Tram estate (1921–1927): built by the architect Wilhelm F. Schuh on behalf of the building cooperative of the tram company Friedenau .
- Gas workers' estate (1921–1929): built by the architect Walter Rist on behalf of the Groß-Stuttgart settlement association .
- Abelsbergstrasse and Rotenbergstrasse housing estate (1926/1927): built by the Sippel & Sprösser architectural group on behalf of the city of Stuttgart.
- Raitelsbergsiedlung (1926–1928): Built on behalf of the City of Stuttgart by a group of architects around Alfred Daiber and Georg Stahl .
- Schönbühlsiedlung (1929/1930): The estate was built on behalf of the City of Stuttgart by a group of architects around Richard Döcker and Ernst Wagner in the New Building style. Originally all the buildings had flat roofs , but these were mostly replaced by gable roofs during the reconstruction after the Second World War . Only in the so-called Döckerbau on Ostendstrasse was the original shape retained.
As a result of this public housing development and numerous projects by private investors , Ostheim grew together with the neighboring districts of Berg , Gablenberg and Gaisburg to form a largely closed development in the 1930s . Even after the Second World War, there were major construction projects, especially in the 1950s, to repair war damage and to close existing building gaps.
Personalities
literature
- Gebhard Blank: Non-profit housing construction in the east of Stuttgart from 1890 to 1930. Stuttgart 1988
- Bernd Langner: Non-profit housing construction around 1900. Karl Hengerer's buildings for the Stuttgart Association for the Welfare of the Working Class. Stuttgart 1994
- Bernd Langner: A patron changes the city. Eduard Pfeiffer and Stuttgart urban development. Stuttgart 1999