Else Ury

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Photo of Else Ury on an information board in Karpacz (Krummhübel) (2008)

Johanna Else Ury (born November 1, 1877 in Berlin ; murdered January 13, 1943 in the Auschwitz concentration camp ) was a Jewish German writer, children's book author and a victim of the Holocaust . Her best-known figure is the blonde doctor's daughter Annemarie Braun, whose life she tells in a total of ten volumes in the Nesthäkchen series . The series is still available in bookshops today, albeit in an abbreviated form that has been adapted to today's linguistic style . In addition, she wrote a number of other books and stories that were aimed primarily at girls and in which she predominantly represented a traditional bourgeois image of families and women.

The well-known and popular children's book author at the end of the Wilhelmine period and the Weimar Republic was disenfranchised as a Jew under the National Socialist regime , deported and murdered in Auschwitz.

Life

youth

Memorial plaque on the building at Ziegelstrasse 12 in Berlin-Mitte

Ury was the third child of the Berlin tobacco manufacturer Emil Ury and his wife Franziska geb. Schlesinger was born at Heilige Geist Straße 21 in Berlin and was called Johanna Else. During Else Ury's childhood, the Ury family was one of the wealthy, liberal-minded educated citizens of the Wilhelmine era . Emil Ury belonged to the Jewish community : "Father Ury regularly paid his obolus for the community, celebrated the Shabbat meal with the family on Friday evenings , lit the candles on the Hanukkah festival." Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter were celebrated as children's festivals; the Urys were assimilated Jews and saw themselves as patriotic Germans.

The family lived in Berlin-Mitte until 1905. The older brothers Ludwig and Hans attended high school and then studied medicine and law . Else and her younger sister Käthe, on the other hand, attended the Royal Luisenschule, a private lyceum that required school fees , the focus of which was on subjects such as handicrafts, English and French conversation, music, drawing and etiquette. The upbringing of the two girls reflects the clear distribution of roles between the sexes, which reserved the men for work and gainful employment, whereas the household and family responsibilities were reserved for women. For both girls, tenth grade was - as usual for girls of their time - the last grade of their schooling. In 1894, the year Else Ury left school, there were no girls' high schools in Berlin. The only further training that, in accordance with the conventions of the time, was open to a young woman from a middle-class family was attending a teacher’s seminar. Her younger sister attended one of these institutions and took her teacher’s exam before she married. Else Ury did not learn a trade, but continued to live with her parents. This, too, was a typical life stage for her contemporaries from middle-class families ( Volker Ullrich in his work on the German Empire called the period after completing school education the "phase of cultivated boredom, of waiting for the marriage candidate, into which the There was a mixture of fear of remaining seated as an 'old maid' ”.).

The author's first surviving work is the play Im Bahnhofsrestaurant Danziger Röss'l , which she wrote in 1898 for her cousin Martha Davidsohn's hen party and in which she also appeared.

Marianne Brentzel suspects in her book Nesthäkchen geht im KZ that Else Ury first published travel reports and fairy tales in the Vossische Zeitung from 1900 under a pseudonym . So far there is no evidence to support this view.

The first books

In 1905 Else Ury's first book Was das Sonntagskind erlauscht appeared , a collection of fairy tales, of which 55,000 copies had been sold by 1927. The book was aimed at a Christian audience. The elaborately-designed cover showed a framed Christmas trees Nicholas ; the panel in the middle shows an angel, and one of the stories tells of a child whose evening prayer saves a missionary family from being murdered by Hereros . It is not surprising that Else Ury devoted herself to writing fairy tales: in the first third of the 20th century, fairy tales were the most widespread children's literary genre.

In the same year the family moved to Charlottenburg, the "new west"; this meant a social advancement.

Else Ury's second book Studierte Mädel stands out from her complete oeuvre due to its topic. Only once in her work, Ury makes it clear that an academic education for girls does not have to be an obstacle to marital happiness and family. The book was published in 1906 and was well received by both the press and the public. The book was published at the time when women were gradually being admitted to German universities . The topic was therefore modern and contemporary, but at the same time the book lacked emancipatory demands such as those advocated by Gertrud Bäumer or even Clara Zetkin . The two main female characters in the book marry; and for some, marriage is even a reason to drop out of college prematurely. The book was not only read by young girls; With this work, Else Ury also found a readership among adult women. The negative portrayal of the nobility in this book is also unusual for Ury . Criticism of the nobility, which at the beginning of the 20th century compensated for its loss of economic importance by insisting on its political privileges, was quite common in literature at the beginning of the 20th century; but in Else Ury's work it only appears in this sharpness in this book. Studied girls was the book that made Else Ury famous. Her photo appeared several times in newspapers; Girls' magazines advertised their stories being preprinted. Else Ury tied herself to the magazine Das Kränzchen , in which her next book Fourteen Years and Seven Weeks (continuation: Sleeping Beauty ) and a few other backfisch stories , initially as a continuation story, printed and later by the UDV (Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft) in book form in the popular series of the Kränzchen library . Another volume of fairy tales and stories followed in 1908 with the title Goldblondchen . In 1913 Else Ury received the only public award for her books with this book: Die Jugendschriften-Warte , the bulletin of the “United Examination Committees”, classified this book of fairy tales as worth reading for 3rd grade children. She was the only woman to receive such an award in 1913 from the United German Examination Committee for Youth Writings. The award that Else Ury typically received for a collection of fairy tales and not for her more contemporary book Studierte Mädel is to be valued highly. Women such as Clementine Helm ( Backfischchens Freuden und Leiden ), Thekla von Gumpert or Emmy von Rhoden ( The Defiant Head ), who had written widely read girls' books as Else Ury's predecessors, were generally judged to be kitsch and harmful to adolescent girls.

Baby of the family

See the main article on the Nestling range .

Shortly before the First World War , the first volume in the Nesthäkchen series was published with Nesthäkchen und ihr Puppen , which grew to ten volumes by 1925. The stories made Else Ury one of the best-known children's book authors of the Weimar period and her heroine Annemarie Braun, the golden-blonde doctor's daughter from Berlin, a figure that identifies many generations of girls. Some of the volumes were translated and published in France, Norway and the Netherlands in the 1930s. By the beginning of the 21st century, the baby boy books had sold nearly seven million copies. In 1983 the first three volumes were filmed as a ZDF Christmas series; they have been repeated several times since then. In a survey of adult women who had grown up in Germany, 55% named youngsters among the best-known girls' books at the end of the 20th century. In 2004, the first volume in the series by Susanne Gaschke was mentioned in her compilation of books particularly suitable for children. In 2006 Steven Lehrer published an English translation of the 4th volume under the title Nesthäkchen and the World War .

With this series of children, Ury describes almost an entire woman's life from the imperial era to the Weimar Republic. The 10 Nesthäkchen volumes are around seventy years old: In Nesthäkchen and her dolls , the protagonist Annemarie Braun is a lively preschool girl. Else Ury introduces the character directly to her young readers:

“Have you ever seen our baby boy? It's called Annemarie, our nestling has a funny sniff and two tiny blond pigtails with large, light blue bows. Brother Hans Annemarie's braids are called 'rat tails', but the little one is immensely proud of them. Sometimes the baby boy wears pink hair bows and the rat tails are tucked over each ear as cute little snails. But it can't stand that, because the old hairpins poke. "

The original 6 volumes describe Annemarie's childhood and youth up to marriage, with which Ury actually wanted to end the series. The other 4 volumes were created at the request of the publisher and tell of Annemarie's children and grandchildren. In Nesthäkchen im weiß Haar (published 1925) Nesthäkchen holds her first great-grandchild in her arms.

Nesthäkchen shows a mostly cheerful children's world in which girls and boys can have the same strengths and weaknesses and grow up playing and competing with each other. This relative child equality disappears, however, with entry into the adult world, which envisages a woman's existence for girls, the highest fulfillment of which is merging into marriage and family, giving up their own professional goals and talents, which, it seems, women like the interests of their husbands subordinate. Annemarie Braun willingly gives up her medical studies after only one year, which she had started because she later wanted to assist her father in his practice. Rudolf Hartenstein, whom Annemarie Braun married, is also a doctor, and she has three children with him. For Annemarie Braun's daughters too, marriage is fulfillment. Even her youngest daughter Ursel, who fought passionately with her father to study singing, forgets her professional ambitions when a rich Brazilian wants to marry her.

In the fourth volume, Else Ury describes the experiences of Annemarie Braun, who is now ten years old, whose father serves as a military doctor in France, while the mother is unable to return to Germany because of the outbreak of war. Together with her two older brothers Hans and Klaus, Annemarie is looked after by her grandmother during this time. The central plot of the story is the encounter with her new classmate, the German-Polish Vera, who speaks no German at the beginning of the story. Vera is excluded from the class community as a foreigner and alleged "spy" by the baby of the class. That only changed when Vera's father was killed in the German military service; the two girls become friends. The volume ends with the words:

“May it soon be the bells of peace that cheer Germany through - God rule that. With this wish, I bid you farewell, my dear young readers. Some of you too, like our baby, the world war made sacrifices, small and large. But I am penetrated by the fact that you too happily took it upon you for your fatherland. When the hard struggle is over and a victorious peace of our dear homeland is bestowed, I will tell you what became of Doctor's baby boy. "

Else Ury wrote the fourth volume of the baby boy story Baby boy and the world war already during the First World War. The date of the first edition is controversial among Ury connoisseurs today: Some assume that it will be published later after the war (due to paper shortages). Others consider it more likely that the volume was released as early as 1917; this is what the final sentence of the book speaks for.

The First World War

Call by Kaiser Wilhelm II for mobilization : "To the German people", poster from August 6, 1914

By the outbreak of World War I , Else Ury published five more books that made her a wealthy woman. The outbreak of war took the Ury family by surprise in their traditional holiday resort, the Silesian Karpacz ; whereupon they immediately traveled home to Berlin.

Else Ury shared the general enthusiasm for war that prevailed in the first days after the outbreak of war. Until the outbreak of war in 1914, the constitutional promise from 1870, which granted Jewish fellow citizens legal equality in the German Reich, had been boycotted mainly by the army. Jews had no chance of becoming active officers. They were not even promoted to reserve officers between 1885 and 1914. With the outbreak of World War I, however, Kaiser Wilhelm II had asserted in his second balcony speech on August 1, 1914 that he no longer knew any parties or denominations, but only Germans. For many Jewish citizens, the time seemed to have come to prove that they were a member of the German nation. The Central Association of German Citizens of Jewish Faith called on the day of the mobilization order on to volunteer for military service:

“… In a fateful hour, the fatherland calls its sons under the banner. It goes without saying that every German Jew is ready to make the sacrifices of property and blood that duty requires. Fellow believers! We call on you to devote your energies to the fatherland beyond the measure of duty! Voluntarily hurry to the flags! All of you - men and women - put yourselves in the service of the fatherland through personal assistance of every kind and through giving money and goods! '"

10,000 German Jews volunteered for military service in Germany. Else Ury's brother, the doctor Hans Ury, accompanied one of the first military trains to France as a military doctor. Else Ury participated in the war relief of the National Women's Service . In the war year 1916 the magazine Das Kränzchen printed one of its war novels, Lieb Heimatland , as a serial. Else Ury's biographer Marianne Brentzel described this story as enthusiastic about the war, loyal to the emperor and full of naive partisanship for the war-driven East Prussians . Patriotism and the trivializing of war can also be found in several other works by Else Ury, e. B. in refugee children (1918) as well as in the story Eine kleine Heldin from the story volume Huschelchen published in 1914 . Nothing is known about Else Ury's reaction to the lost war.

Successful author Else Ury

Krummhübel around 1900; Else Ury bought her holiday home in the resort, which is about 300 kilometers from Berlin

The Nesthäkchen series was completed in 1925 with the last volume. From 1923 Else Ury also worked on a new series of children's books, which she called Professor's Twins , and which was to comprise five volumes.

Else Ury's holiday home in Krummhübel, Silesia

The Nesthäkchen series was the greatest financial success for Ury and its publisher, Meidinger Verlag. In 1960, the head of the book, music and art department of the Wertheim department store, to which the former Meidinger Jugendschriftenverlag also belonged, testified to Else Ury's estate administrator that from 1922 to 1933 the circulation of the youngest books and the Professor's Twins series was around one and a half to one and three quarters million Copies was. During this period, Else Ury received a royalty of around a quarter of a million Reichsmarks.

Else Ury received her fee in gold marks from her publishers and was one of the few who was personally little affected by the inflation of the 1920s. She supported her sister's family, who as a civil servant family suffered much more from the effects of inflation, by taking in her nephew Klaus during the summer months. Thanks to her financial success, she was able to buy a house in the traditional holiday resort of Krummhübel in which she used an apartment as a holiday home for herself and her family. She had already expressed her enthusiasm for the holiday resort in the Giant Mountains , which is popular among Berliners, in the story Hänschen Tunichtgut from 1920/1921 . She christened her house House Nesthäkchen and at least once entertained enthusiastic readers of her Nesthäkchen series with cakes and chocolate. Her financial success also enabled her to go on a trip to Italy with her brother Hans around 1927.

Else Ury was a respected figure in public life in the late 1920s. Their stories have been read on the radio since 1926. For Else Ury's 50th birthday on November 1, 1927, the Meidinger Jugendschriftenverlag organized a birthday reception for her in the Berlin Adlon Hotel. From 1929 to 1932, the Meidinger publishing house set up the so-called Nesthäkchenpost , a column in the Meidinger children's calendar that enabled Ury to receive and publicly answer her extensive admirer mail.

Time of persecution

Hitler's seizure of power was welcomed by many, including those with moderate political views . In her last novel, published in 1933, Else Ury also showed youth ahead! very chauvinistic tones and content similar to the language of the National Socialists .

It tells the story of a family that gets into material hardship after their father loses his job. The mother takes on the paperwork, allegedly because the fatherland needs the cooperation of everyone, whether man or woman, in order to regain strength, but actually because the family urgently needs the money. The son's vacation work on a farm is touted as support for the peasant class as the cornerstone of the German people. It is more likely, however, that the city children should be nursed up in the country and, in return, helped on the farms.

The book, which appeared after the boycott of Jewish businesses on April 1, 1933, the revocation of the medical license for Jewish doctors and the book burnings , ends with a demonstration on May 1, at which Hitler and Hindenburg are present.

Stolperstein , Solinger Strasse 10, in Berlin-Moabit
Auschwitz-Birkenau, site of the murder of Else Ury

Marianne Brentzel writes about Else Ury in this life situation:

“Else Ury was an apolitical, conservative woman of the German bourgeoisie who saw the mass misery of unemployment with great human sympathy and, in the wake of the mass enthusiasm, thought Hitler was a possible solution to the deep state crisis. In 1933 she closed her eyes to political reality, as she did all her life before the events in public space. Once again she wanted to set a monument to the whole German family. "

The disenfranchisement of the Jews in the National Socialist German Reich took place gradually. In the twelve years of the Nazi dictatorship, no uniform Jewish law was passed, but a variety of over 2,000 laws and edicts that gradually made the Jews in Germany without rights until 1941.

On March 6, 1935, Else Ury was expelled from the Reichsschrifttumskammer , which meant that she was banned from practicing the profession. That Else Ury's books were still very popular in Germany after 1935 is shown by a comment in the history of the German book for young people from 1942:

“It (the Backfischliteratur) led to the equally foolish but widespread follow-up stories by Emmy v. Rhoden 'Defiant Head' and the 'Nesthäkchenbände' by the Jewish author Else Ury, which are expressly listed here because they are still read today without being informed about their parentage. "

In 1938/1939 Else Ury tried to translate some of her older fairy tales and stories into English and sell them to England, but the attempt ultimately failed. The background to this was not anti-Semitic: Ury's nephew Klaus Heymann reports that he found the translations "very appalling" and that the publisher Swifton mentioned rejected the stories as being "out of date".

Else Ury's brothers were allowed to continue working in their professions as lawyers and doctors - as participants in the First World War, protected by the frontline fighter privilege . Else's brother Hans, with whom she was especially close, committed suicide in 1937 in the summer of suicide . In 1938 a statutory ordinance revoked their license to practice medicine and all Jewish lawyers their license to practice law; The latter were only allowed to represent the interests of Jews under the name of consultants . The passports of Jews by a so-called Jews temple with a red J marked. With a name change ordinance , compulsory first names were introduced. Some of Else Ury's family members emigrated abroad; her nephews Fritz Ury and Klaus Heymann had lived in London since 1936 . Else Ury visited her nephews in London for a week in 1938, but returned to Germany to continue to care for her disabled mother.

In 1948, Georg Kast, a Commerzbank employee with whom Else Ury held accounts, reported in a letter to Ury's nephew Klaus Heymann about an encounter with her in 1938:

“I was on very good terms with your aunt personally, and we were very conformist in our views. My warning to Miss Ury to emigrate at a time when it was still possible, she refused with the words that I have not forgotten to this day: 'If my fellow believers stay, then I have so much courage, character and the firm determination to share their lot. '"

In 1939 Else Ury made one last trip to her holiday home in Krummhübel. Here, too, the shops wore the signs that forbade her as a Jew from entering. The shopkeepers, however, were willing to deliver goods to the once-respected resident if she sent her caretaker's wife or ordered the goods over the phone. At this point in time, the forced sale of the house had already begun: The ordinance on the use of Jewish assets of December 3, 1938, included the forced sale of real estate owned by Jews. It was not until April 9, 1942, that Else Ury's house was confiscated and the German Reich registered as the owner. The delay was possibly due to the fact that no buyer could be found.

In 1940 the National Socialist government issued further restrictions: Jews, who had not been allowed to own a radio since 1939, were also deprived of their telephone connections, they no longer had clothing cards, shopping and going out times were regulated, and food rations were reduced. After Else Ury's mother died in April 1940, Else Ury no longer had any relatives in Berlin; the rest of the family members were in London and Amsterdam. In 1941 Klaus Heymann tried to get a Cuba visa for his aunt, but without success. Else Ury was only rarely able to transmit written messages; On September 20, 1942, she was able to inform her sister Käthe and her brother-in-law Hugo Heymann, who lived with their daughter, son-in-law and a grandson in Amsterdam and who were later also deported to extermination camps and murdered, that they had made a will in favor of Klaus, who lived in London Heymann deposited with a Jewish lawyer in Berlin.

On January 6, 1943, Else Ury had to go to the deportation assembly point at Grosse Hamburger Strasse 26 in Berlin. The announcement of her status as "Reich enemy" and the resulting confiscation of her property "in favor of the German Reich" reached her there on the 11th of the month. On January 12, 1943, Else Ury was deported to Auschwitz on the 26th so-called "Osttransport" of the RSHA under the number 638 . Of the 1000 Berlin Jews who arrived in Auschwitz on January 13, 1943, only 127 men were registered as "fit for work" prisoners and sent to the camp after the selection at the "Alte Rampe" ; the remaining 873 deportees on this train, including Else Ury, were not registered as prisoners and were murdered in the gas chamber immediately upon arrival.

In 1995, Else Ury's old suitcase was discovered in the former Auschwitz concentration camp with a luggage strap on which her name and her origin (Berlin) were recorded. The suitcase is now kept in the Auschwitz Museum .

Documents about the life of Else Ury

At the time of the annihilation of Jewish life during the Third Reich , Else Ury's private records were also lost. A few letters that Else Ury wrote to her nephew Klaus Heymann, who lived in London, have survived, the brief sign of life that Ludwig Ury and Else Ury, who lived in Amsterdam, exchanged on a Red Cross form, and the letter from Hugo Heymann to his son Klaus, in which he informed him that Else Ury had been deported on January 6, 1943.

On the other hand, the official documents that prove Else Ury's increasing exclusion from life in Germany have been preserved more completely. These include the declaration of assets that Else Ury had to submit in 1941, the official declaration of the confiscation of her entire property and the certificate of delivery of the handing over of the disposition, the official inventory list of the objects in her apartment and the official assignment of the apartment to an "Aryan "and the response of the regional tax office to the request of the mayor of Karpacz, the house pet of the family to transfer the" kingdom enemy Else Sara Ury "of the community free of charge.

plant

Work viewing

Ury's work is limited to prose: children's and youth stories and novels. The target group of the stories were mainly girls up to the older " backfish age "; but also many boys read the Nesthäkchen series and other works by Ury.

There is no extensive reception of Else Ury's work. The baked fish novels , judged to be maudlin, trivial, obedient and kitschy, are almost completely ignored by literary criticism. Even if Else Ury stands out from this genre simply because of her large readership, there is no detailed review of her complete works in literary studies.

Cultural environment

Although Else Ury comes from a Jewish family, her stories take place almost exclusively in a Christian - Protestant environment. Everyday Jewish life, cultural assets and Jewish traditions appear only in the stories The First Lie (published in 1911 in the Guide to Young Adult Literature ) and In the Trödelkeller from 1908 (appeared in the collection of award-winning fairy tales and legends published on the basis of a prize competition organized by the B'nai B. 'rith was created and published in three editions by Loewe-Verlag).

In the first lie that is the Feast of Tabernacles celebrated in the fairy tale in the junk shop can Ury a mezuzah tell from the German bourgeoisie from the career of an increasingly assimilated Jewish family. The latter narrative may contain autobiographical elements. (The anthology collection of award-winning fairy tales and legends was a project of the B'nai B'rith society, which strives internationally to preserve Jewish culture, religious tolerance and the fight against anti-Semitism .)

The reasons why Else Ury largely ignores her own cultural background in her stories and novels are not known. It can be both the expression of a very extensive assimilation of their own family and the reaction to the anti-Semitism that was already widespread during the Wilhelmine era .

Ury's niece Martha Wallenberg said in an interview that while reading the works of her aunt, she (the relatives' children) would never have thought of looking for something Jewish, and they did not miss it either. Their feeling was similar to the attitude in the parable of the three rings from Nathan the Wise von Lessing , in which the three great monotheistic religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam are presented as being of equal value. "No matter what one believes - people count, whether they are Christian or Jew or whatever."

It can also be assumed that the publishers saw better sales opportunities for stories in the typical milieu of most readers.

Baptism, confirmation or communion and church weddings are mentioned in Ury's stories. The most important festival of the year is Christmas and in the stories usually the reason to give away some of the toys to poorer children.

Family and society

The families Else Ury describes usually belong to the educated bourgeoisie, even if, as in Else Ury's last novel Jugend vor , for example , they are threatened by material hardship. In most of the stories, however, the young heroines belong to families who are relatively wealthy. The fathers are doctors, professors or have the title of privy councilor .

The Braun family of the Nesthäkchen series has three servants: a housemaid, a cook and a nanny who looks after little Annemarie Braun around the clock.

The portrayal of these servants is stereotypical . The maid is busy; the cook is fat, friendly, rules her empire vigorously, and expresses her pleasure by giving the children delicacies.

Having to work as a domestic servant is inconceivable, however. In the novel The Gray House , which was published before the First World War, one of the most dishonorable humiliations that one of the three heroines suffers is that she has to earn her own living as a domestic servant. Annemarie Braun, the baby girl heroine, also gets the embarrassment one day of having to work as a nanny for a few days. Her knowledge of Latin and art, the desire to be seen in the street wearing only a hat - a matter of course for a lady at the time - and her reading of Selma Lagerlöf reveal her as a member of a better class who only came into it through the chaos after the war Situation got. After her true status has been discovered, she will of course be treated as a foster daughter by her employer.

pedagogy

The stories - regardless of whether they are about the baby girl Annemarie Braun or the other heroines of her stories - are always linked to the more or less direct indication of which qualities a girl should acquire: order, cleanliness, diligence, obedience, fulfillment of duty, willingness to help: “The main thing with the little girl is order and behavior, that is worth more than any 'very good'”, Annemarie Braun's mother comments on her daughter's grades, when her certificate shows “very good” in all subjects, but in behavior and Okay the evaluation poor. This emphasis on bourgeois virtues is not, however, a specific feature of Else Ury's stories. During the time when Else Ury was writing her works, children's literature mainly pursued educational goals. In the so-called Backfischromanen in particular, the readers were given the qualities that were considered necessary for civil happiness as a wife and mother.

However, it is by no means easy for Else Ury's heroines to acquire these virtues: They are clumsy, stubborn and defiant. This probably made it easier for readers to identify with the heroines and contributed to the popularity of Else Ury's books. In her study of children's literature from the Weimar period, Helga Karrenbrock pointed out that another book success of this time relied on the inversion of the catalog of virtues propagated in the Backfischromanen. Waldemar Bonsel's heroine Maya the Bee stubbornly defies all the rules of her bee colony and in the 1920s was one of the favorite reading books, especially among girls.

humor

Another reason for the great popularity of the girls' books is certainly Else Ury's Berliner Humor, which is particularly evident in the Nesthäkchen series: A very graphic language with lots of puns and jokes as well as successful situation comedy raise her works above the average of other backfish novels . An example from the baby boy and the world war : Brother Hans brings home a foundling who Annemarie calls "Hindenburg" with exuberant patriotism. (Hans wants to say that this is not a first name, but Klein-Hindenburg "yells at him".) The nanny, who only comes home from a visit late in the evening, knows nothing about the billeted baby. The young woman is therefore terribly shocked when loud screaming breaks out in the nursery in the middle of the night. When asked, “Annemarie, what is that?” The girl replies: “Oh, that's just Hindenburg”, the nurse asks herself in horror whether her protégé is delusional.

The adventures that Else Ury lets her heroes experience in her stories often have a very amusing side for the reader. A hole in the exercise book appears when Annemarie Braun tries to correct spelling mistakes with pumice stone ; the doll loses her hair when the girl tries to bathe her; The elegant white linen boots are exchanged for the poor boatman's girl's wooden clogs; the greeting poem to the Queen of Denmark is recited from the height of a flagpole.

Others

Berlin memorial plaque in Berlin-Charlottenburg , Kantstrasse 30
  • Else Ury wrote all of her books by hand in pencil, often in school notebooks ("Kladden").
  • Josephine Felsing, the mother of actress Marlene Dietrich , was a classmate of Else Urys.
  • A memorial plaque for Else Ury was placed on the grave of the Ury family at the Berlin-Weißensee cemetery (Section II, Grabfeld P).
  • In Berlin-Charlottenburg there is  a memorial plaque for Else Ury at Kantstrasse 30. She lived there from 1905 to 1933.
  • Very close to their former home, the short passage that connects Savignyplatz along the S-Bahn arches with Bleibtreustraße was given the name Else-Ury-Bogen . The passage became famous for the scenes filmed there for Bob Fosse's film adaptation of the musical Cabaret .
  • The book Collection of Award-Winning Fairy Tales , which contains the Ury story Im Trödelkeller , was a collection of stories from the Jewish culture and was a victim of the book burns and is therefore the rarest of all Ury books in antiquarian terms . Republication of the other books by the author was prohibited, but sale and possession were still permitted.
  • The street, initially laid out as Alfred-Klabund- Weg in Hanover , Misburg-Nord district in 1988 , was renamed Else-Ury-Weg in 2003 .

Work overview

Nesthäkchen series

  • 1913/1918 baby birds and their dolls
  • 1915/1918 baby's first year of school
  • 1915/1921 baby boy in the children's home
  • 1917/1921 baby boy and the world war
  • 1919 The baby's backfish time
  • 1921 The baby boy flies out of the nest (only the 1927 edition contains an afterword by Else Ury)
  • 1923 baby boy and her chicks
  • 1924 The youngest of the children
  • 1924 baby boy and her grandchildren
  • 1925 baby boy in white hair (in 1928 a chapter ("The Radio") was revised by Else Ury and adapted to the more modern technology)

Professors Twins series

  • 1923 Professor twins Bubi and Mädi
  • 1925/1926 Professor's twins in the forest school
  • 1927 Professor's twins in Italy
  • 1928 Professor's twins in the star house
  • 1929 Professor's Twins - From school to life

Novels

Illustration by Richard Gutschmidt for Lilli Liliput 1930. Lilli scanned the letter curiously.
  • 1906 Studierte Mädel (from the 26th edition by Else Ury himself edited under the title Studierte Mädel von heute , published)
  • 1908 golden blonde
  • 1910 Master Builder's Ranges
  • 1911 Fourteen Years and Seven Weeks (EA, Das Kränzchen 21 (1909/1910))
  • 1913 Councilor Olly
  • 1914 The Gray House (EA, Das Kränzchen 24 (1910/1911)) (Slightly edited and reissued in the 1920s)
  • 1916 Sleeping Beauty (EA, Das Kränzchen 26 (1913/1914, continuation of Fourteen Years and Seven Weeks )) (slightly edited and reissued in the 1920s)
  • 1917 The council daughter of Rothenburg
  • 1918 refugee children
  • 1919 Lieb Heimatland (EA, Das Kränzchen 28 (1915/1916))
  • 1920 Lilli Liliput (EA, Das Kränzchen 30 (1917/1918), illustrated by Richard Gutschmidt from the 11th edition )
  • 1921 Hänschen Tunichgut
  • 1925 Lillis Weg (EA, Das Kränzchen 35 (1922/1923) under the title Lillis Weg ins Dichterland , continuation of Lilli Liliput )
  • 1929 Studied girls of today
  • 1930 The Rosenhäusel
  • 1930 As in May (EA, Das Kränzchen 40 (1927/1928))
  • 1933 Kläuschen und Mäuschen
  • 1933 youth ahead

Short story collections

  • 1905 What the Sunday child can hear
  • 1910 Baby's first story book (published in 1929 in Latin script)
  • 1914 Huschelchen
  • 1917 Lotte Naseweis
  • 1923 Jungmädelgeschichten, from the 3rd edition "The Two Ilsen"
  • 1931 We girls from north and south
  • 1932 For my youngest children

Short stories

  • 1898 In the train station restaurant Danziger Röss'l, (private)
  • 1906: Princess Snowflake, pp. 24–30 (children's calendar from Globus Verlag 1906), appeared again later in “Lilli Liliput”.
Auf dem Schutthaufen, pp. 81–86 (children's calendar from Globus Verlag 1906).
From Stein, pp. 59–66 (Auerbach's German children's calendar, 25th year).
approx. 50-page “Calendar with 12 fairy tales”, written by Else Ury. These are new versions of well-known children's fairy tales (album 1906 "Das Theater" by Benno Jacobson, N. Israel Berlin)
Inventory, Leipziger Tageblatt No. 587/100. Volume (December 30, 1906)
  • 1907: Der Geis - Sepp, p. 121–127 (children's calendar from Globus Verlag 1907).
Into the wide world pp. 73–76 with a picture by Werner Zehme (Kinderlust Vol. 13, Velhagen and Klasing).
  • 1908: Komödiantengretel, pp. 37–48 (children's calendar from Globus Verlag 1908), appeared again later in “Huschelchen”.
In der Rumpelkammer, pp. 109–115 (Auerbach's German children's calendar, year 26).
Backfischchen als Wirtin, pp. 518-520; The young gardener, p. 443 ff (Das Kränzchen 21)
The dance class ball dress, p. 248 (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 21)
How do I play with my sick sister, p. 286, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 21).
Jungfer Rührmichnichtan, pp. 33–45, appeared again later in “Huschelchen”, (Der Jugendgarten 33).
  • 1909: Das Liserl von der Alm, pp. 37–46 (children's calendar from Globus Verlag 1908), appeared again later in “Huschelchen”.
The Bookworm, pp. 295–299, appeared again later in “Lotte Naseweis”; Am Nordseestrand, p. 772 ff (no author details) (Das Kränzchen 22)
Ein Nordpolfest, p. 252, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
"I congratulate", pp. 375–376, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
Easter bunny at work, p. 446, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
An event, p. 534, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
Am Strande, p. 534, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
Am Nordseestrand, p. 772ff, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
Die Anglerin, p. 792, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
Poetry and Reality, pp. 826–827, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 22).
  • 1910: Lieschen Scarecrow, pp. 27–376 (children's calendar from Globus Verlag 1908), appeared again later in “Huschelchen”.
The first excursion, p. 757 ff (Das Kränzchen 23)
From the Arlberg area, For travel and hiking, supplement 14 September, features section (Königlich privilegierte Berlinische Zeitung (Vossische Zeitung), No. 431).
Mutterfreuden, morning edition, December 10th (Royal privileged Berlinische Zeitung (Vossische Zeitung), No. 579).
Das neue Fräulein, pp. 1–22, appeared again later in “Huschelchen”; Die Junge Künstlerinnen p. 238–241 (Der Jugendgarten 35).
Lotte's masterpiece, pp. 29–30, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 23).
Margueriten, p. 46, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 23).
Morgenritt, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 23).
Das Christmas tree, p. 213, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 23).
In der Pflanzschule, p. 455, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 23).
Erntesegen, p. 727, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 23).
Father's little witch, S, 806, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 23).
Mother Joy, Vossische Zeitung
From the Alberggebirge, Globus
  • 1911: Huschelchen, pp. 129–138 (Globus Verlag children's calendar 1911), appeared again later in “Huschelchen”.
The free ticket, p. 184 ff (Das Kränzchen 24)
The first lie, pp. 27–29 (Guide to youth literature. Ed. M. Spanier, Volume 7, No. 4).
Wasserratten, pp. 146-150; Uncle Ernst “Vielliebchen”, pp. 205–211 (Der Jugendgarten 36).
Am Strande, p. 4, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 24).
A cozy corner, p. 359, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 24).
  • 1912: Der Kaiser vom Bleisoldatenland, pp. 48–56 (Meidinger's children's calendar. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
Fräulein Professor, p. 312 ff, appeared again later in “Lotte Naseweis”; Backfischchen auf Reisen, p. 696 ff (Das Kränzchen 25)
The last one, pp. 36–60, appeared again later in “Huschelchen” (Der Jugendgarten 37).
  • 1913: Sommersingen, pp. 127-137 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
Hänschen Tunichtgut, p. 152 ff, not identical to the book of the same name (Das Kränzchen 26).
Lotte Naseweis, pp. 65–79, appeared again later in “Lotte Naseweis” (Der Jugendgarten 38).
  • 1914: Eine kleine Heldin, pp. 131–144 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag), appeared again later in “Huschelchen”.
Kornblumentag pp. 1–20, appeared again later in “Lotte Naseweis”; Christmas potillion pp. 169–175 (Der Jugendgarten 39).
  • 1915: Goldhänschen, pp. 131–149 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag), later published again in “Lotte Naseweis”.
Ilse's first birthday, pp. 151–157 (Herzblätchen's pastime 61).
A funny music lesson, pp. 169–177 (Der Jugendgarten 40).
A trip to Kovno, pp. 788–792, (published anonymously in Das Kränzchen 28).
  • 1916: Die kleine Samariterin, pp. 21–32, (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag), appeared again later in “Lotte Naseweis”.
Eva, the war child, pp. 87–113, later appeared again in “Lotte Naseweis” (Der Jugendgarten 41).
  • 1917: Hänschens Ritt zu Hindenburg, pp. 18–28 (Meidinger's children's calendar. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
The best friend, pp. 257–283, later appeared again in “Lotte Naseweis”; What the beach chairs experienced, pp. 90–112 (Der Jugendgarten 42).
  • 1918: How Rudi got to know the little princes, pp. 19–29 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
Schwäbische Wanderfahrt, p. 567 ff (Das Kränzchen 31).
  • 1919: Kriegsmetall, pp. 43–52 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
The twelfth birthday, pp. 257–279 (Der Jugendgarten 44).
  • 1920: Mäusens Christmas, pp. 155–164 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
The Broken Wedding Cup, pp. 205–236, appeared again later in “For my youngest children” (Der Jugendgarten 45).
  • 1921: Ruths Brüderchen, pp. 10-20 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
The Kinderhirtin, p. 610 ff, appeared again later in "Jungmädelgeschichten" (Das Kränzchen 34).
  • 1922: Der Hertasee, pp. 87–115, later appeared again in “Jungmädelgeschichten” (Der Jugendgarten 47).
  • 1925: Im Trödelkeller, pp. 99-106 (Youth Writings Commission of the UO Bnei Briß (Ed.), Collection of award-winning fairy tales and sagas, Loewes-Verlag Ferdinand Carl, Stuttgart.)
  • 1926: Knecht Ruprechts Rundfunk, pp. 149–151 (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
Mockingbird, pp. 179–193, appeared again later in “For my youngest children” (Töchter - Album 73).
  • 1927: Nesthäkchenpost, p. 169 ff (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
Lising von der Waterkant, pp. 83-104, later appeared again in "We girls from north and south" (Töchter - album 74).
Camelia, the fisherman's child from Capri, pp. 1–38, later appeared again in “We girls from north and south” (Der Jugendgarten 52).
  • 1928: Nesthäkchenpost, p. 155 ff (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
Marga la Tedesca, pp. 197–217, appeared again later in “We girls from north and south” (daughters - album 75).
In Leipziger Strasse, pp. 119–121 (Der Jugendgarten 53).
  • 1929: Nesthäkchenpost, p. 141 ff (Meidinger's Kinderkalender. Berlin: Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag).
The beautiful green balloon, pp. 56–60 (Heart leaflet pastime 75).
Margot the bookworm, pp. 1–12 (Der Jugendgarten 54).
  • 1930: Lore's greatest wish, pp. 49–69 (Der Jugendgarten 55).
  • 1931: Erika makes bad weather, S, 158–173, later appeared again in “For my youngest children” (Der Jugendgarten 56).
Trip - trip - droplets, guardian angel. A friend, teacher and guide to the children. Donauwörth: Verlag Ludwig Auer, No. 23/56 year (also published in Baby's first story book )
  • 1933: Tante Eilig, pp. 243–262 (Der Jugendgarten 58).

Translations

Holland

  • 1915 Olga Anderson (= Kommerzienrat Olly) (Van Holkema & Warendorf, Amsterdam)
  • 1931 Benjaminnetje en hair poppen (= baby boy and their dolls) (Van Holkema & Warendorf, Amsterdam)
  • 1932 Benjaminnetje's eerste schooljaar (= baby's first year of school) (Van Holkema & Warendorf, Amsterdam)
  • 1934 Benjaminnetje op Sonnevanck (= baby boy in the children's home) (Van Holkema & Warendorf, Amsterdam)

Finland

  • 1924 Hannu veitikka: kertomus nuorille (= Hänschen Tunichtgut) (Kustannusosakeyhtiö Kirja, Helsinki)

Sweden

  • 1923 Rådsherretösen i Rothenburg: en berättelse för unga flickor (= The Council Daughter of Rothenburg) (Chelius, Stockholm)

Switzerland / France

  • 1931 Benjamine et ses poupées (= baby boy and their dolls) (Delachaux et Niestlé, Neuchâtel (Suisse), Paris)
  • 1932 Benjamine à l'école (= baby's first year of school) (Delachaux et Niestlé, Neuchâtel (Suisse), Paris)
  • 1933 Benjamine au bord de la mer (= baby boy in the children's home) (Delachaux et Niestlé, Neuchâtel (Suisse), Paris)

Norway

  • 1936 Annemor og dukkene hennes (= baby boy and her dolls) (NW Damm & Søn, Oslo)
  • 1937 Annemor på skolen (= baby's first year of school) (NW Damm & Søn, Oslo)
  • 1938 Annemor drar hjemmefra (= baby boy in the children's home) (NW Damm & Søn, Oslo)
  • 1939 Annemor på egen hånd (= Nesthäkchens Backfischzeit) (NW Damm & Søn, Oslo)

United States

Released after 1950 in a shortened and revised form

  • The "Nesthäkchen" series (without volume 4 Nesthäkchen and the World War )
1951–56 Hoch Verlag (edited), Note: Without explicit reference to this radical adaptation, Volume 3 Nesthäkchen im Kinderheim is added in an additional final chapter, “War Time”, by the volume Nesthäkchen and the World War , in order to introduce Annemarie Braun's future friend Vera.
1983, Tosa Verlag. The volume Nesthäkchen is a greatly abbreviated and again linguistically edited summary of the Hoch-Verlag editions of Nesthäkchen and her dolls , Nesthäkchen's first year of school , Nesthäkchen in the children's home , Nesthäkchens Backfischzeit and Nesthäkchen flies out of the nest .
1983, Tosa Verlag. The volume Nesthäkchen and their chicks is an abbreviated summary of the high-publisher editions of Nesthäkchen and their chicks , Nesthäkchens youngest , Nesthäkchen and their grandchildren and Nesthäkchen in white hair .
1993 Thienemann Verlag (revised again by Gunther Steinbach)
  • The "Professors Twins" series
1950/1951 Hoch Verlag Volumes 1–3 (edited by Maria Schlatter)
1980 TOSA Verlag Volumes 1–5 (edited by Trude Wilhelmy)
  • "Lilli Liliput" 1951 Finck Verlag, Bremerhaven (the last chapter is missing in this edition)

Film adaptations

  • 1983 Nesthäkchen (film implementation of the first 3 volumes of the series by ZDF (3 VHS / 2x3 DVD))

Radio plays

Baby of the family

  • 1975 baby boy and her dolls (RCA (MC / LP))
  • 1975 Baby's first school years (RCA (MC / LP?))
  • 1983 baby boy and her dolls (Sonocord (MC / LP), Karussell (MC), Ariola (MC))
  • 1983 Baby's first year at school (RCA (MC? / LP), Sonocord (MC / LP?))
  • 1983 Baby's first year at school (Karussell (MC), Ariola (MC))
  • 1983 baby in the children's home (Ariola (MC))
  • 2005 Nesthäkchen 1 (Junior CD)
  • 2005 Nesthäkchen 2 (Junior CD)
  • 2005 Nesthäkchen 3 (Junior CD)
  • 2008 baby boy and her dolls. Read by Stefanie Stappenbeck , Der Audio Verlag (DAV), Berlin, 2008, ISBN 978-3-89813-710-2 (reading, 2 CDs, 139 min.)

Professor's Twins series: radio play by Fränze Arndt based on Else Ury

  • 1978 Professor's twins: Bubi and Mädi (Zebra (MC / LP))
  • 1978 Professor's twins in the forest school (Zebra (MC / LP))
  • 1978 Professor Twins in Italy (Zebra (MC / LP))
  • 1978 Professor's Twins in the Star House (Zebra (MC / LP))
  • 1978 Professor's Twins: From School Desk to Life (Zebra (MC / LP))

literature

  • Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin, Bettina Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Reunion with the baby boy. Else Ury from today's perspective . Textpunkt, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-938414-46-0 .
  • Barbara Asper: Else Ury . In: Children's and Youth Literature. A lexicon ( loose-leaf collection ). Corian, Meitingen 1995ff, ISBN 978-3-89048-150-0 .
  • Marianne Brentzel : The baby comes to the concentration camp - An approach to Else Ury 1877–1943. eFeF, Zurich / Dortmund 1993, ISBN 3-931782-36-0 ; as a new edition: Nothing can happen to me. The life of the youngest author Else Ury . Edition Ebersbach, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-938740-54-5 .
  • Peter Geils (Ed.): Complete directory of German-language literature. Sauer, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-598-30000-X .
  • Angelika Grunenberg: The world was so whole - the Else Ury family. Chronicle of a Jewish Fate. List, Berlin 2006. ISBN 978-3-548-60683-5 .
  • Aiga Klotz: Children's and Young People's Literature in Germany 1840–1950. Complete list of publications in German. Repertories on German literary history. 6 volumes, Metzler, Stuttgart 1990-2000, ISBN 3-476-00701-4 .
  • Martina Lüke: Else Ury - A Representative of the German-Jewish bourgeoisie. In: Andrea Hammel and Godela-Weiss-Sussex (eds.): Not an Essence but a Positioning. German-Jewish Women Writers (1900-1938) . Meidenbauer, Munich 2009 / Institute of Germanic & Romance Studies; School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2009, pp. 77-93, ISBN 978-3-8997-5161-1 (= Publication of the Institute of Germanic Studies , Volume 93).
  • Susanne Zahn: Daughter life. Studies on the social history of girls' literature. Youth and media. Volume 4. dipa, Frankfurt am Main 1983, pp. 263-336, ISBN 3-7638-0117-0 .

Web links

Wikisource: Else Ury  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Else Ury  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

References

  1. ↑ Birth register StA Berlin I No. 1929/1877 .
  2. ↑ On the educated middle class biography and Jewish identity see Martina Lüke “Else Ury - A Representative of the German-Jewish bourgeoisie”
  3. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: Nothing can happen to me . P. 23.
  4. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . Pp. 41-43.
  5. ^ A b Marianne Brentzel: Nothing can happen to me . P. 9.
  6. ^ Volker Ulrich: The nervous great power 1871-1918 . P. 334.
  7. ↑ Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin and Bettine Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Reunion with the baby boy. Else Ury from today's perspective . P. 63.
  8. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . P. 24.
  9. ↑ Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin and Bettine Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Reunion with the baby boy. Else Ury from today's perspective . P. 110.
  10. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . P. 82.
  11. ↑ Helga Karrenbrock: Fairy Tale Children - Contemporaries. Studies on children's literature from the Weimar Republic . Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-476-45276-X , p. 49.
  12. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . P. 9.
  13. ↑ Susanne Gaschke: Witches, Hobbits and Pirates - The best books for children . Verlag Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-596-15989-X , p. 251.
  14. ↑ Else Ury: Baby babies and their dolls
  15. ↑ cit. after Friedrich Battenberg: The European Age of the Jews - from 1650 to 1945 . Primus Verlag, Darmstadt 1990, ISBN 3-89678-151-0 , p. 244.
  16. ^ Arno Herzig: Jewish history in Germany . Verlag Beck, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-406-39296-2 , p. 189.
  17. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . Pp. 102-109.
  18. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . P. 132.
  19. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . P. 136f
  20. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . P. 154.
  21. ^ Arno Herzig: Jewish history in Germany . P. 224.
  22. ↑ Irene Graebsch: History of the German youth book . Verlag Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1942, p. 163.
  23. ↑ Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin and Bettine Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Reunion with the baby boy. Else Ury from today's perspective . Pp. 102-103.
  24. ↑ Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin and Bettine Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Reunion with the baby boy. Else Ury from today's perspective . Pp. 55-56.
  25. ↑ Marianne Brentzel: The baby is going to the concentration camp . P. 181.
  26. ^ Friedrich Battenberg: The European Age of the Jews . P. 282.
  27. ↑ Angelika Grunenberg: The world was so whole . P. 319.
  28. ↑ see: Marianne Brentzel: Nesthäkchen comes into the concentration camp , p. 231.
  29. ^ Cf. Danuta Czech : Calendar of the events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1939-1945 , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1989, p. 382; Stephen Lehrer: Nesthäkchen And The World War , 2006, p. XII; see also: http://www.mariannebrentzel.de/ury-rezensions.html
  30. ↑ Else Ury's suitcase back to Auschwitz Museum after Grenzquerelen . dpa, August 29, 2002.
  31. ↑ In her biography Marianne Brentzel printed the letters and reproduced the official documents.
  32. ↑ Angelika Grunenberg: The world was so whole . P. 29.
  33. ↑ On Else Ury's educational background, see the detailed description by Martina Lüke: Else Ury - A Representative of the German-Jewish Bürgertum .
  34. ↑ Else Ury: Nesthäkchen , summarized edition of the Tosa publishing house from 1983, ISBN 3-85001-103-8 , pp. 276–285.
  35. ^ Else Ury: Nesthäkchen , summarized edition of the Tosa publishing house from 1983, ISBN 3-85001-103-8 .
  36. ↑ A more detailed description can be found in Helga Karrenbrock: Märchenkinder - Contemporaries: Investigations into children's literature from the Weimar Republic
  37. ↑ Helga Karrenbrock: Fairy Tale Children - Contemporaries . Pp. 51-58.
  38. ^ Else Ury: Nesthäkchen , summarized edition of the Tosa publishing house from 1983, ISBN 3-85001-103-8 , pp. 68-72.
  39. ↑ Else Ury: Nesthäkchen , summarized edition of the Tosa publishing house from 1983, ISBN 3-85001-103-8 , pp. 46–51.
  40. ↑ Else Ury: Nesthäkchen and their dolls , Meidinger's Jugendschriften Verlag GmbH Berlin (243th to 247th thousand), p. 112.
  41. ^ Else Ury: Nesthäkchen , summarized edition of the Tosa-Verlag from 1983, ISBN 3-85001-103-8 , pp. 184-188.
  42. ↑ Helmut Zimmermann : Hanover's street names - changes since 2001. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Episode 57/58 (2003), pp. 277–286.
  43. ↑ a b c Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin and Bettine Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Reunion with the baby boy. Else Ury from today's perspective . P. 115.
  44. ↑ Barbara Asper: Else Ury . In: Children's and Youth Literature. A lexicon . Corian Verlag, (loose-leaf collection)
  45. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin and Bettine Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Reunion with the baby boy. Else Ury from today's perspective . P. 120.
  46. ↑ Barbara Asper, Hannelore Kempin, Bettine Münchmeyer-Schöneberg: Wiedersehen mit Nesthäkchen, Else Ury from today's perspective , p. 147.
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on July 3, 2006 in this version .
personal data
SURNAME Ury, Else
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer and children's book author
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH January 13, 1943
Place of death Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp