Plutarco Elías Calles

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Plutarco Elías Calles (1924)

Plutarco Elías Calles (born September 25, 1877 in Guaymas , Sonora , † October 19, 1945 in Mexico City ) was a Mexican politician and officer in the Mexican army .

Calles was President of Mexico from 1924 to 1928 . He defended the rights of the state against the economic and political influence of the USA and the foreign oil companies . Internally he turned against the big landowners and the influential Catholic Church . In 1926 he issued the so-called Ley Calles with drastic restrictions on the freedom of the Catholic Church, for example a ban on celibacy , a ban on many religious orders, etc. At the same time, a national church that had recently been founded was strongly promoted in order to interrupt relations between the Catholic population and the Vatican. These circumstances led to a very bloody civil war, the Guerra Cristera (1926–1929).

He signed on 22 November 1927, the death warrant against the later beatified Miguel Pro and his brothers Humberto and Roberto for an alleged involvement in an assassination attempt against General Alvaro Obregon on 13 of the month, knowing that the three brothers unrelated to the attack on had to do. The execution took place the following day, only Roberto survived due to an intervention by the Argentine ambassador, minutes after the execution of his two brothers.

After 1928 Plutarco Elías Calles was state minister several times, for example in 1929 when he was fighting the emerging revolution as minister for war and navy . In 1929 he founded the party Partido Nacional Revolucionario , later Partido Revolucionario Institucional .

In 1936 Calles was pushed into exile by President Lázaro Cárdenas . He lived in the USA for five years and after his return in 1941 tried in vain to regain a foothold in politics.

Before his death he was cared for in a Catholic hospital. Under the impression of the merciful sisters there, he was reconciled with the Catholic Church and died on October 19, 1945 after receiving the sacraments .

Calles was a Freemason in the Helios Lodge in Guaymas in the Mexican state of Sonora.

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  1. ↑ Groppe SJ, P. Lothar: Michael Pro - A Mexican rascal becomes a priest and martyr. Munich 1989. With ecclesiastical imprimatur by Vicar General Dr. Gerhard Gruber of July 21, 1988, p. 132.
  2. ↑ Groppe SJ, P. Lothar: Michael Pro - A Mexican rascal becomes a priest and martyr. Munich 1989. With ecclesiastical imprimatur by Vicar General Dr. Gerhard Gruber of July 21, 1988, p. 136.
  3. ^ Robert A. Minder: Freemason Politicians Lexicon . Edition on the rough stone, ISBN 3-7065-1909-7 .
  4. ↑ Eugen Lennhoff, Oskar Posner, Dieter A. Binder: Internationales Freemaurer Lexikon . Herbig Verlag, 5th edition, ISBN 978-3-7766-2478-6
personal data
SURNAME Calles, Plutarco Elías
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Elías Calles, Plutarco
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mexican politician and officer
DATE OF BIRTH September 25, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Guaymas , Sonora, Mexico
DATE OF DEATH October 19, 1945
Place of death Mexico City , Mexico