Carl Mannich

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Carl Ulrich Franz Mannich (born March 8, 1877 in Breslau ; † March 5, 1947 in Karlsruhe ) was a German chemist and pharmacist . His fields were Ketobasen , alcohol bases , piperidine - derivatives , papaverine , lactones and cardiac glycosides .

Life

Mannich attended grammar school in Weimar and later in Berlin, which he left before completing school education. Instead, he accepted an internship at a Berlin pharmacy . From 1898 he studied pharmacy in Marburg and Berlin and received his doctorate in Basel in 1903. He caught up with the school leaving examination and in 1905 passed the state examination for food chemists. In 1907 he qualified as a professor at the University of Berlin, whereupon he was appointed associate professor in 1910. Professor followed. From 1911 to 1917 Mannich was an associate professor for pharmaceutical chemistry in Göttingen and moved to Frankfurt am Main in 1920 . From 1927 to 1943 Mannich was full professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin . As the successor to the pharmacist and university professor Hermann Thoms , Mannich also became director of the Pharmaceutical Institute of Berlin University in the Dahlem district. From 1932 to 1934 he was President of the German Pharmaceutical Society . In the winter semester of 1946/1947 he took over the chair for pharmaceutical chemistry at the TH Karlsruhe .

In 1912 he found a special form of aminoalkylation , the Mannich reaction named after him .

Since 1959, the German Pharmaceutical Society has awarded the Carl Mannich Medal for “outstanding achievements in the field of scientific pharmacy”.

Services

Mannich is best known for the Mannich condensation he developed . This synthesis method made it possible to produce substances that were previously difficult to access, such as 1,3-ketamines . In 1912 Mannich succeeded in preparing the first synthetic morphine glucoside. He also devoted a number of works to the opium alkaloids and in 1917 gave a method for the preparation of pure opium extracts. Mannich developed a method for determining the amount of morphine in opium that made it possible to precisely determine effective doses without having to resort to complex physiological individual tests. Mannich contributed to the elucidation of the morphine structure through his synthesis of dihydrocodeinone and other reduction products such as 7-bis (oximethyl) dihydromorphine. In 1919 he presented observations on the absorbability of digitalis glycosides on animal charcoal, which shortly afterwards led to the development of a process for the almost fiber-free production of digital extracts. With this method, the "Pandigal" used as a heart remedy could also be obtained. Through further attempts to separate the glycoside mixture into its components, Mannich found a gentle and widely applicable method of splitting glycosides using acetone / hydrochloric acid . This enabled him to isolate g-strophanthidine and g-strophanthin for the first time . Mannich introduced the palladium-animal charcoal catalyst, with which he succeeded in producing fully hydrogenated fats. This enabled him to describe their properties for the first time. The applied pharmacy owes a lot to Mannich for the introduction of several test and detection methods, such as methods for polarimetric determination of starch, which is used to detect boric acid in food or the methanol in alcoholic beverages . In total, Mannich published 153 original papers and held 20 patents.

Works

  • About the formation of benzene derivatives from dimethylaminobutanone and malonic esters or acetoacetic esters. In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . (A and B Series) Vol. 71 (10), 1938, pp. 2090-2092 .
  • A synthesis of arecaidinealdehyde and arecoline . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . (A and B Series) Vol. 75 (12), 1942, pp. 1480-1483 .
  • About g-strophanthin (ouabain) and g-strophanthidine . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . (A and B Series) Vol. 75 (12), 1942, pp. 737-750 .
  • Synthesis and conversion of 1,3 ‐ keto bases with secondary nitrogen . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . (A and B Series) Vol. 75 (1), 1942, pp. 49-64 .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Berlin address book. Edition 1928, part III; Page 134 Column 4 Pharmaceutical Institute
  2. ^ DPhG: The DPhG former presidents
  3. ↑ C. Mannich, W. Krosche: About a condensation product of formaldehyde, ammonia and antipyrine. In: Archives of Pharmacy . Volume 250, 1912, pp. 647-667. doi: 10.1002 / ardp.19122500151
  4. ^ NDB: New German Biography
  5. ^ NDB: New German Biography
personal data
SURNAME Mannich, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mannich, Carl Ulrich Franz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 8, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 1947
Place of death Karlsruhe