Ludvig Kristensen Daa

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Ludvig Kristensen Daa

Ludvig Kristensen Daa , originally called Ludvig Christensen Daae (born August 19, 1809 in Saltdal , † June 12, 1877 in Christiania ) was a Norwegian historian, politician and ethnologist.

Life

His parents were the pastor Christen Daae (1776-1854) and his wife Elisabeth Marie Friis (1785-1865). On November 6, 1840 he married Julie Christence Augusta Henriksen (July 1, 1823-28 August 1842), daughter of the small trader and landowner Gulbrand ("Guul") Henriksen and his wife Signe Marie Arnesdatter Espelien. On August 26, 1848 he was second married to Pernille Marie Kobroe Daae (March 7, 1821 - January 6, 1911), daughter of the chief customs officer Ludvig Daae (1795-1865) and his wife Helene Margrethe Fritzner (1790-1850). In the 1830s he changed his father's name and his gender name to Norwegian.

Daa was the central ideologue in the patriotic opposition to the government in the 1840s.

youth

Daa belonged to the great Daae family of pastors. He spent his first years in Nordland and later in Jølster , where his father had become a pastor. He attended the cathedral school in Bergen. In Munkvoll near Trondheim he became tutor to the politician Christian Krohg , grandfather of the painter Christian Krohg . There he learned English and was also familiar with English conditions and was impressed by his ideas about a democracy based on an enlightened middle class and landowners. After this stay he moved to Christiania in 1826 to study philology. There he joined the national and liberal student group, fought for Constitution Day on May 17, and was chairman of the student union when it came to conflict with the military on the occasion of the May 17, 1829 celebrations. This Constitution Day was also celebrated in 1830. The subsequent arrests prompted him to write the polemical text 17de Mai og Politiet (May 17th and the Police) (1831). He headed the student association as a morally impeccable front-line figure and saved the association in the crisis in which Welhaven and his supporters left the association. He became Wergeland's best friend and supporter. Both were supporters of patriotic liberalism.

Career

Unsuccessful efforts to get a chair

In 1834 he passed his philological exam and was praised by the historian Steenbloch as one of the most capable historians of his time. During Steenbloch's illness, he took over his representation in lectures. When the position was to be filled again, however, the choice fell on Peter Andreas Munch . There were political reasons for this. Most of the professors voted for the experienced Daa, but the head of government Hermann Wedel-Jarlsberg pushed through the Munch, which he considered more reliable. That hit him hard. The suspicion of nepotism was reinforced when, despite thorough preparation, he was denied the chair of statistics after the death of Gregers Fougner Lundh and was chosen to replace his Anton Martin Schweigaard . Originally the chair had belonged to the philosophy faculty, but was transferred to the law faculty under pressure from the lawyers. The chair was renamed "State Economy and Statistics". So the lawyer Schweigaard came to the chair in 1840. In 1840 Daa applied unsuccessfully for the post of headmaster in Christiania.

The time as an official

Daa had allies in Storting who made sure that he was appointed state auditor in 1839. He held the office until 1851. In 1840 he was also supposed to become Ministerialrat with responsibility for the Reichsarchiv, but declined because it could lead to a collision with his office as state auditor. Wergeland then received the position in November. At the same time Welhaven received the chair for philosophy. The suspicion grew again in Daa that a horse trade had been at work here, and he wrote an article in Granskeren that Wergeland and Welhaven were alike in that they were neither qualified for their subject. Wergeland responded with the farce Engelsk salt , in which he mocked Vinæger Daa in the main character, which led to the break of friendship after several mutual abuse. There was a trial for insult. Daa successfully hid behind editorial secrecy, but Wergeland was convicted of insult. From 1841 he was archivist of the Storting. In 1845 he introduced an archive order there, which essentially still exists today.

During the time at Storting, he turned back to class. In 1849 he was earmarked for the position of rector in Kristiansand, but did not take up the position. In 1850 he was first assistant teacher, in 1852 senior teacher at the cathedral school in Christiania. During this time he was also released for study trips in ethnology and geography and published works on migrations of ethnic groups, as well as a large work Jordbeskrivelse for den norske Almue (description of the earth for the Norwegian general public) Vol. 1-3 (1857-1859). His unorthodox teaching method, which was well received by the students, and his political views brought him into conflict with the rector, who ultimately obtained the government's dismissal. The matter came before the Storting, which in 1860 established the illegality of the dismissal.

After Rudolf Keyser left the chair for history in 1862, he again applied unsuccessfully. Because Oluf Rygh was initially preferred to him. In 1863 he headed the ethnographic museum. In 1866 he became a professor and mainly taught ethnology.

The time in Storting

Wergeland also tried to prevent Daa's election to Storting. He didn't succeed. Daa became a delegate from Akershu's office. In 1842 he was the spokesman for the opposition in the fight against the Konventikkel poster. He later approached the government side but advocated moderate ministerial responsibility and complained that the minister for the naval department did not have the knowledge required to manage public funds. That was the tentative start for politics in the 1840s, when the legislature challenged the executive. In 1845 he proposed to amend the constitution so that the councils of state had access to the negotiations of the Storting. He also advocated the amendment of Section 2 of the constitution (Jewish paragraph). In the next session, its popularity fell as its principled stance stood in the way of the often necessary political tactics. The next election was not recognized by the Storting because he did not have a residence in the constituency in which he was drawn up. In 1853 he was re-elected to the Storting as Christiania's delegate, but since he was also President of the Lagting , he did not develop any notable activity in the Storting.

Journalistic activity

In addition to these tasks, Daa worked as a publicist and journalist. 1840-1843 he published the newspaper Granskeren , most of which he wrote himself. Here he attacked people and circumstances so sharply that he had to discontinue the paper due to lawsuits and lawsuits. From 1839 to 1847 he was a permanent employee of the Morgenbladet newspaper with the “Foreign Policy” section. 1848-1851 he had the same department at the Christiania-Posten newspaper . In 1851 he published the political newspaper Den norske Tilskuer (The Norwegian Viewer). 1853-1856 he was editor-in-chief at Morgenbladet . He also wrote historical works. He also used his ethnological research. In his textbook Om Nationaliteternes Udvikling (On the Development of Nations), of which only the first part came out in 1869, he was the first in Norway to fall back on Charles Darwin . He rejected the immigration theory of Keyser and Munch, according to which Norway was settled from the north and only the southern part of Scandinavia was settled by the continent. In 1868 he gave a lecture on this at the conference of Scandinavian naturalists, which is referred to as the " funeral speech for the immigration theory" and in 1869 under the title Have Germanerne indvandret til Scandinavia fra Nordell. Syd? has been published. 1872-1876 he edited the magazine Tids-Tavler , in which political and literary topics were treated.

Political attitude

Daa combined Scandinavianism and nationalism. For him, Scandinavianism was a cultural project, and he stuck to it even after the time of Scandinavianism was over. He was close to Scandinavianism, which Count Wedel had represented in 1814. His membership in the “Scandinavian Society” brought him criticism from anti-union circles. He also included Finland in his Scandinavianism, which he regarded as the "fourth link in Scandinavia". As early as 1836 he had campaigned for the replacement of Hebrew by Old Norse in schools. Under the influence of Rasmus Rask , he also wanted to Norwegianize the language and simplify the written language. In this endeavor he also changed his name by omitting the silent "e" and changing from Christensen to Kristensen. He promoted the literary connection to Sweden as a counterbalance to Danish influence. A Swedish grammar and a Swedish-Norwegian dictionary served this purpose. He also initiated a Nordic spelling congress that took place in Stockholm in 1869.

Honors

Daa was one of the first members of the Scientific Society in Christinia (today Det Norske Videnskaps Academy), a member of " Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab " and from 1863 a member of the "Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhället" in Gothenburg. In 1864 he was a co-founder and board member of "Det skandinaviske Selskab". In 1868 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Lund University . In 1866 he became a knight of the Order of St. Olav .

literature

Individual evidence

The article is essentially based on Norsk biografisk leksikon . Other information is shown separately.

  1. ↑ a b Yngvar Nielsen: Daa, Ludvig Kristensen . In: Bernhard Meijer, Theodor Westrin (ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Cestius-Degas . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1906, Sp. 1040 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  2. ↑ a b c d Øverland / Bull p. 402.
  3. ↑ The state auditor checked the state expenditures for compliance with the Storting decisions.
  4. ↑ Engelsk salt was a popular laxative back then. In the piece it was supposed to help relieve Vinæger's disgruntled constipation.
  5. ↑ a b Yngvar Nielsen: Daa, Ludvig Kristensen . In: Bernhard Meijer, Theodor Westrin (ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Cestius-Degas . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1906, Sp. 1041 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  6. ^ Fr. Ording: Henrik Ibsens vennekreds Det lærde Holland. Et chapter av norsk cultural life . Oslo 1927. p. 103.
  7. ↑ Konventikkelplakaten was a law of January 3, 1741, which forbade a preacher to hold meetings (conventicles) without the consent of the local pastor and was directed against lay preachers. It was repealed in 1842, which initiated the development of freedom of assembly in Norway. Article Konventikkelplakaten in the Norwegian language Wikipedia.
  8. ^ Iver Hesselberg . In: Store norske leksikon .
  9. ↑ Department is the Norwegian name for a ministry
  10. ↑ The councilors of state were not allowed to take part in the Storting negotiations. It was feared that the civil servants would not be able to decide freely if their top superiors were present.
  11. ↑ § 2 of the constitution contained a passage that forbade Jews to enter the country.
  12. ↑ a b Yngvar Nielsen: Daa, Ludvig Kristensen . In: Bernhard Meijer, Theodor Westrin (ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Cestius-Degas . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1906, Sp. 1042 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
personal data
SURNAME Daa, Ludvig Kristensen
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Daae, Ludvig Christensen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Norwegian historian and politician, member of the Storting
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1809
PLACE OF BIRTH Saltdal
DATE OF DEATH June 12, 1877
Place of death Christiania