Lagting (Norway)
The laging was a Norwegian political institution . Since the saga , the laging has been mentioned as a general assembly ( ting ) that formulated laws ( lag ).
The oldest lagings were Frostating for Trøndelag with Nordmøre and Romsdal , Gulathing for Vestlandet and Sørlandet , later Hallingdal and Valdres , Eidsivating for the inner Østlandet and Borgarting for Viken . Herjedalen , Jemtland , which then belonged to Norway, and for a time Hålogaland and other Fylke had their own Lagting.
Originally every free farmer had the duty to appear at the laging. With the increasing concentration of power towards the end of the 10th century, the large Lagtinge expanded geographically. Nordmøre ( Møre og Romsdal ) and Hålogaland were added to the Frostating, Agder (now Vest-Agder and Aust-Agder ) came to Gulating. At the end of the 13th century, new Lagtinge were founded in the four large cities of Bergen, Nidaros, Oslo and Tðnsberg. The general ting became a delegate ting. Delegates were chosen from each county for the lagging. The king was represented by feudal men and bailiffs, the church by the bishops and clergymen.
The Lagting was originally a legislative assembly headed by a legally trained lagman . Later, the lagings were mainly courts, which created new law through their court decisions. That is why they were then presented with new laws and resolutions on taxes and duties for assessment. This applied to both secular and ecclesiastical law. In the late saga period, the lagging gradually lost its importance as a popular assembly. The Lagting also lost its function as a legislative assembly when the royal power took over legislation and introduced the imperial assembly and later the imperial council for legislation. But Magnus lagabøte still had to submit his Landslov to the Lagting in order for it to become law. But for a long time the laging retained its function as a communication center between the royal power and the people. In the 16th century this function was taken over by the gentleman's day. Until late in the union with Denmark, the government obtained the approval of the Lagting for recesses and regulations.
Although they were responsible for the judiciary, they were not appellate bodies to the city and district courts from the start. The hierarchical court order with appellate authorities is a later development. Since the time of King Sverre at the latest , the lagmen were firmly integrated into the lagging, but over time they developed into the actual judges. The Lagting gradually lost its judicial function to the collegially staffed Lagmanns Court. The Lagmanns -gericht consisted of the Lagmenn and a committee of experts, which was often identical to the magistrate ( byråd ). It was not until the reign of Christian IV that they became courts of appeal against the lower courts. They ceased to exist in 1797 when the higher courts were established.
In 1814 the name Lagting came into use again: According to the Basic Law of Eidsvoll , the Storting consisted of two departments, the Lagting and the Odelsting (Section 49). According to Section 76, the Odelsting had the right to initiate legislation and had to submit the draft laws to the Lagting. If it was rejected by the Lagting, it had to be treated again in the Odelsting. For three times a rejection of the Odelsting could design either drop or submit to the plenary session of the Storting, where for adopting a 2 / 3 was required -Mehrheit. The division into Lagting and Odelsting was eliminated with the legislative period beginning in 2009.
In addition, the members of the Lagting together with the members of the Supreme Court formed the Imperial Court. Criminal cases were tried there that had been initiated by the Odelsting against state councilors or members of the Supreme Court for offenses in office or against members of the storting for offenses that they had committed in their capacity as MPs.
Individual evidence
The article is based on Norsk historisk leksikon . Other information is shown separately.
- ↑ Sigurðsson p. 28.
literature
- Jón Viðar Sigurðsson: Det norrøne Samfunnet. Vikingen, Kongen, Erkebiskopen og Bonden. Oslo 2008.
- Norsk historisk leksikon : Keyword “Lagting” accessed on January 30, 2010.