Vienna Opera Ball

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Vienna State Opera : venue of the Opera Ball

The Vienna Opera Ball is the social highlight of the ball season in Vienna Carnival every year, along with the Philharmonic Ball . It always takes place in the Vienna State Opera , usually on the last Thursday before Ash Wednesday .

With 5150 guests, the Opera Ball is Austria's largest meeting place for cultural workers, entrepreneurs and politicians from home and abroad. Including the participants and employees of the house, around 7,000 people populate the State Opera on the evening of the ball.

The ball goers and the advertising effect for Austrian tourism have also developed into an economic factor in Vienna. 180 couples from home and abroad open the ball.

history

The famous staircase of the opera - meeting point during the opera ball

The tradition of the opera ball goes back to 1814/1815, the time of the Congress of Vienna . Following this political event, the artists of the court opera organized dance events. An opera ball at today's location took place for the first time as a court opera soirée on December 11, 1877. Income from this event was dedicated to the opera pension fund . The name also comes from the fact that the emperor should not have danced because he feared the tumultuous conditions at the Paris opera balls. Johann Strauss (son) conducted the court opera orchestra, and when his brother Eduard Strauss first performed his opera soirée polka with the Strauss orchestra, the armchairs were moved aside and there was dancing. The program for the second Court Opera Soirée on January 15, 1878 was subtitled “(Ball.)”, As did the “Third and last Court Opera Soirée” that year on February 23. On March 2, 1878, the "First Redoute in the kk Hof Opera Theater" took place. As a result, two, sometimes three redoubts took place annually until 1899, which were numbered annually. The ladies were masked until midnight.

After the end of the Danube Monarchy , the ball was quickly back to the ball tradition: the first redoubt of the First Republic took place on January 29, 1921 ( in favor of the old pensioners of the two state theaters ) , and the second on February 8. In general they were already called opera redoubts . This was also the title for the following individual events in 1924, 1928 and 1929.

The first, also known as the Opera Ball , was organized (after five years of global economic crisis ) on January 26, 1935 under the honorary protectorate of Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg in favor of Winter Aid 1934/35 . Since then, it has taken place (almost) every year on the last Thursday at Mardi Gras in the Vienna State Opera . Exceptions were mostly times of military conflict, such as the Second World War from September 1939 and the occupation until 1955 thereafter. Before that and just under a year after the " Anschluss of Austria ", the ball was held on February 21, 1939 by order of the German government.

On February 9, 1956, it was held again for the first time after the Second World War. The only interruption was in 1991 due to the Gulf War , during which the safety of the numerous domestic and foreign (state) guests could not be guaranteed.

On February 7, 1962 Herbert von Karajan (1908–1989) resigned from the artistic direction of the Vienna State Opera, which caused the federal theater administration to set the ball on March 1 of that year.

In 2005 the Vienna Opera Ball was declared a “ smoke-free zone” for the first time . It was only allowed to smoke in two smoking salons and in the annex around the box. In 2007 guide dogs were allowed at the Opera Ball for the first time. Since the 2008/2009 season there has been a general smoking ban in the Vienna State Opera - but smaller smoking bars have been set up for the Opera Ball.

Since the 2011 Opera Ball, the Vienna Philharmonic has also been involved in the opening. The 60th Vienna Opera Ball since its reopening in 1955 took place on February 4, 2016.

organization

poster

The Vienna State Opera is transformed into a large ballroom in a very short time . There will be two closing days before the ball. The renovation and decoration will begin immediately after the last performance on Monday at around 10 p.m., so there will be around 70 hours available until the admission on Thursday at 8:30 p.m. As one of the first activities, the seating on the ground floor will be dismantled and a floor will be drawn in on a scaffolding so that it forms a flat area of ​​around 850 m² with the stage. The idea of ​​converting the various levels of the parquet, orchestra pit and stage into a single dance floor came from Willy Elmayer , who was given the task of designing the opera ball as a large state ball in the 1920s. After many years of resistance, the federal theaters agreed shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. In addition to the 76 tier boxes, 34 stage boxes have been set up in three tiers since 1985, some of which are double boxes. Since 2008, a roofed and screened entrance of 30 × 6.5 m with red carpet has been built in front of the main entrance on the Ring . A total of around 650 people are involved in the renovation. The dress rehearsal will take place on Wednesday evening. On Thursday morning, the authorities do the renovations, and then defects can be corrected and the decoration added.

Organizers of the opera ball:

Another innovation by the opera ball organizer Elisabeth Gürtler was to only rent the coveted and prestigious ground floor and tier boxes in the auditorium of the Vienna State Opera to the opera's donors. Now long-term regular guests of the Opera Ball also have to pay an annual contribution of 36,800 euros (plus 10% sales tax) in order to keep their boxes. Otherwise, only the less prestigious stage boxes are available to them at 16,000 euros each.

The opening of the ball took place in 2008 with a football ballet (choreography: Giorgio Madia , music composed by Moritz Eggert ) in the light of the European Football Championship in 2008 . Giorgio Madia was also responsible for the choreography in 2005 and 2010.

Since the Opera Ball in 2009, the choreography of the opening ceremony has been given to a different dance school from a different federal state each year, previously that was the task of the Mühlsiegel dance school in cooperation with the Elmayer dance school . Klaus Mühlsiegel contributed the choreography, and the Elmayer dance school was responsible for the Viennese waltz and the rehearsal of the choreography. From 2009 to 2018, Roman E. Svabek from the dance school of the same name was the master of ceremonies for the opera ball and was in charge of the opening. In 2019, dance teacher Dominik Truschner will be responsible for the move in of the committee and the waltz, the audience quadrilles will be announced alternately by Maria Santner , her brother Christoph Santner and Dominik Truschner.

Those responsible for the choreography of the opening polonaise:

  • 2009: Kummer Dance School , Graz
  • 2010: danceschool horn, Linz and Tanz & more Werner Dietrich, Bad Mitterndorf
  • 2011: Hieble dance school, Dornbirn
  • 2012: dance school isi-dance, Bruck an der Leitha
  • 2013: Iris Huber dance school, Villach
  • 2014: Tanzschule Fränzl, Mödling and Eddy Franzen Dance School, Vienna
  • 2015: Luger Dance School, Salzburg (Brigitte Wlodkowski-Luger)
  • 2016–2018: Svabek Dance School, Vienna (Elisabeth and Roman Svabek)
  • 2019 and 2020: Santner dance school, Upper Austria ( Maria Santner and Christoph Santner)

After the ball, some of the floral decorations will be taken away by the last ball visitors, and cleaning and dismantling will start at 6 a.m. If this was previously completed by Friday evening, you now have one more day. On Friday afternoons there have been two concert performances of the “Magic Flute for Children” on the ball floor since 2003, to which around 7,000 visitors from all over Austria come. The dismantling will be completed by Saturday evening and the first regular performance will take place.

procedure

The 2009 Opera Ball

Around 180 dance couples are involved in the opening - the young women and men committee . The ball begins with the entry of the Federal President into his box, which is accompanied by a fanfare. Immediately after the national anthem and joy, beautiful spark of the gods, the first part of the committee moves into the ballroom to the sounds of the fan polonaise composed by Carl Michael Ziehrer . After the obligatory interludes such as singing and dance performances, the second part is followed by the entry of the dancing couples.

In 2010 there was an innovation for the first time when the young ladies and gentlemen's committee moved in: right at the beginning, after the hymns, all 176 dance couples moved to Frédéric Chopin's Polonaise in A major, Op. 40 to open the ball to Johann Strauss' Warschauer-Polka after the artistic performances .

Subsequently, traditionally with the Johann Strauss jun. embossed command "Alles Walzer" the dance floor is released for everyone.

At midnight, the midnight quadrille follows . At 2 a.m. and 4 a.m., more quadrilles follow. Traditionally, the Opera Ball Orchestra plays at the end of the following three pieces: Danube Waltz , Radetzky March and Fraternal strife from the farmer a millionaire by Ferdinand Raimund . The ball ends at 5 a.m.

The opera house during the ball

The Vienna State Opera will be opened from the basement to the attic during the ball - everyone can play, walk and, above all, dance. In the Schwind foyer above the staircase, Casinos Austria set up a gambling establishment every year especially for the Opera Ball . Restaurants, champagne bars, oyster bars as well as a disco and a Heuriger (in the Philharmonic room) will be set up. The Viennese KuK Hofzuckerbäckerei Café Gerstner is responsible for most of the catering at the Opera Ball .

The tea room of the Vienna State Opera, which is located directly in front of the central box, is not open to the public on the evening of the Opera Ball either. It is reserved for the artists of the Vienna State Opera and the official guests of the ball.

"Export" of the Vienna Opera Ball

Foyer of the Vienna State Opera

A Vienna Opera Ball is also organized in some other cities around the world, for example in New York . In 2005 such an event took place for the first time in Dubai and Zagreb , and in 2007 in Kuala Lumpur .

media

Since 1969, with the exception of 1982 and 1983, ORF has broadcast  the opera ball live on TV  until 2013 together with Bayerischer Rundfunk . The broadcast takes place simultaneously on 3sat .

Since then, numerous different moderators have been used at ORF, most of whom are changed every few years. Commentators in the studio have been Karl Hohenlohe and Christoph Wagner-Trenkwitz since 2001 and member of the management of the Vienna Volksoper since 2003 .

Since 1992, reports about the former building contractor Richard Lugner and the question of which prominent person accompanies him to the opera ball for a high fee have been predominant in the Austrian print media .

Moderators

year Moderators Commentators
1958 Fritz Senger
1965 Walter Pissecker
1972 Heinz Fischer-Karwin , Walter Richard Langer , Gerhard Vogl
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980 Horst Friedrich Mayer , Robert Hochner , Ursula Stenzel and Hans-Paul Strobl
1981 Horst Friedrich Mayer, Eva Maria Klinger , Robert Hochner, Gerhard Vogl and Erwin Fischer
1982 Gertrude Aubauer , Gerhard Vogl, Erwin Fischer, Walter Seledec (no live TV broadcast; see: Media)
1983 Erwin Fischer and Gerhard Vogl (no TV live broadcast; see: Media)
1984 Horst Friedrich Mayer, Ursula Stenzel, Erwin Fischer and Gerhard Vogl
1985 Horst Friedrich Mayer, Erwin Fischer, Gerhard Vogl, Nora Frey , Reinhold Henke, Herbert Dobrovolny, Walter Seledec and Vera Russwurm for 3sat
1986 Nora Frey, Ricarda Reinisch, Ernst Grissemann , Erwin Fischer, Gerhard Vogl and Reinhold Henke
1987 Horst Friedrich Mayer, Nora Frey, Alfred Stamm, Gertrude Aubauer, Wolfgang Pav, Herbert Dobrovolny and Robert Reumann
1988 Herbert Dobrovolny, Erwin Fischer and Nora Frey
1989 Herbert Dobrovolny and Erwin Fischer
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994 Max Schautzer , Eva Twaroch, Dieter Chmelar and Catherina Braunsteiner
1995 Horst Friedrich Mayer, Barbara Stöckl and Alfons Haider
1996
1997
1998
1999 Ingrid Thurnher , Alfons Haider, Günther Ziesel
2000 Ingrid Thurnher, Barbara Rett , Dieter Chmelar
2001 Ingrid Thurnher, Dieter Chmelar Karl Hohenlohe and Christoph Wagner-Trenkwitz
2002 Ingrid Thurnher, Alfons Haider
2003 Alfons Haider, Arabella Kiesbauer
2004
2005
2006 Alfons Haider, Arabella Kiesbauer, Tamee Harrison
2007 Alfons Haider, Barbara Rett , Arabella Kiesbauer, Tamee Harrison
2008 Alfons Haider, Barbara Rett, Claudia Stöckl, Marie-Claire Zimmermann (ZIB 2 live from the tea salon)
2009 Alfons Haider, Barbara Rett, Dorian Steidl, Elke Winkens , Marie-Claire Zimmermann
2010 Alfons Haider, Barbara Rett, Kati Bellowitsch , Claudia Reiterer , Dominic Heinzl
2011 Alfons Haider, Mirjam Weichselbraun , Barbara Rett, Kati Bellowitsch, Klaus Eberhartinger
2012 Alfons Haider, Mirjam Weichselbraun, Barbara Rett
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020 Alfons Haider, Mirjam Weichselbraun, Teresa Vogl

Opening ceremony artist

Alternative balls

At the same time, the Vienna Rose Ball traditionally takes place on the evening of the Opera Ball , during which the gay scene is wrapped in robes, among other things. (Due to the failure of several private sponsors, there will be no rose ball in 2020.)

Furthermore, on the day of the opera ball, the sacrificial ball organized by the street newspaper Augustin took place from 1998 to 2004 . This saw itself as a counter-event to the opera ball and was supposed to be the “revival of the forgotten meaning of carnival ”. Homeless people had free entry, the music groups did not take a fee, and the proceeds went to the homeless project.

Demonstrations

Police banned seats in the vicinity of the opera during the 2008 Opera Ball

The first demonstration took place on February 22nd, 1968 and was the beginning of the few actions of the Austrian 1968 movement . There was a seated demonstration on the ramps in front of the opera by students who broke away from the onlookers, including members of the Association of Democratic Students. Nobody dared to sit in front of the entrance. The demonstrators were then carried away by police officers. Leaflets were also thrown into the foyer and others threw leaflets from the gallery onto the stalls.

After the spectacular action at the New Year's Concert in 1982, members of the loose association Rosa Wirbel were able to briefly open the banners “Human rights for everyone” and “Ass in the mouth - no crooked dog” and let pink leaflets rain down on the balcony at the opera ball in the same year.

Since 1987, on the occasion of Franz Josef Strauss's visit and as a protest against the Wackersdorf reprocessing plant , the opera ball has been the target of political demonstrations on various topics almost every year that exploited the presence of the global audience. In some years there were also violent clashes between demonstrators and police officers . Further protests were directed against social injustice ("Eat the rich!"), Hunger in the Third World, against fur farming and protests against the coalition governments of the ÖVP and FPÖ and the Iraq war . At the end of the 1990s and the end of the 2000s, the protests either ebbed or fell completely. In 2000, actor Hubsi Kramar, disguised as Adolf Hitler , was chauffeured to the opera ball in a limousine. He was only arrested by the police on the stairs to the ballroom. In 2011 some representatives of the satirical group " Friends of Prosperity " met in front of the opera.

Trivia

A scoop of ice cream at the Opera Ball costs 5 euros, an espresso 6 euros, a mineral water 7.50 euros, a small beer 9 euros, a goulash soup 10.50 euros and a bottle of champagne 487 euros.

Others

literature

  • Jan Zawiejski: The adaptation of the kk Hofoperntheater in Vienna for opera redoubts . (Lecture given in the Department of Architecture and Building Construction on February 14, 1899). In: Paul Kortz (Red.): Journal of the Austrian Association of Engineers and Architects . Volume 51.1899, No. 11.1899, LI. Year, ZDB -ID 2534647-7 . Self-published, Vienna 1899, pp. 157–161. - Full text online (PDF; 18 MB) .
  • Heinrich Kralik : The Vienna Opera . Rosenbaum, Vienna 1962, OBV .
  • Christl Schönfeldt : The Vienna Opera Ball . 2nd, expanded edition. Koska, Vienna / Berlin 1980, OBV .
  • Markus Niklas Ludvik: Violations of fundamental rights by the executive at demonstrations in Austria with (special) consideration of the police operation in the “Hainburger Au”, as well as at the “Vienna Opera Ball 1990” . Thesis. University of Salzburg, Salzburg 1991, OBV .
  • Ulrike Messer-Krol (ed.), Karlheinz Roschitz: The Vienna Opera Ball. From the myth of waltz dancing . First edition. Brandstätter, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-85447-639-6 .
  • Sabine Schiechl: The Vienna Opera Ball - cultural theoretical considerations on an invented tradition as a dormant pole in the course of time . Thesis. University of Graz, Graz 2001, OBV .
  • And again it was said: “It's all waltz!” Beautiful, tingling, beguiling - the Vienna Opera Ball . In: Peter Meier-Bergfeld: People, gifted for the beautiful? Ten years as a correspondent in Austria. Reports, essays, comments, interviews . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2003, ISBN 3-8334-0502-3 , pp. 46-50. - Table of contents online .
  • Klaus Schmeh : The cult factor. From marketing to myth. 42 success stories from Rolex to Jägermeister. Redline Wirtschaft, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 978-3-636-01082-7 . (Contains a detailed chapter on the Vienna Opera Ball).
  • Johannes Kunz : The Vienna Opera Ball . Molden, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85485-186-3 . - Table of contents online (PDF; 34 kB).
  • Vienna Opera Ball. Program . Published annually, ZDB -ID 2435965-8 . Vienna State Opera 2008–.

Web links

Commons : Vienna Opera Ball  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Court Opera Soirée. In:  Wiener Zeitung , December 11, 1877, p. 5, center left. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz
  2. ↑ Soirée in the Court Opera Theater. In:  Wiener Zeitung , Wiener Abendpost, December 12, 1877, p. 3, center left. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz
  3. ↑ a b Now they are dancing again, the Viennese. ORF, February 20, 1995 12:00 noon (start and 28:00, online ( memento of the original from March 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link accordingly Instructions and then remove this note. In the TVthek) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / tvthek.orf.at
  4. ↑ Local report. The first opera redoute. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, January 22, 1921, p. 7, center left. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp
  5. ↑ Local report. The opera redoute. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, January 29, 1921, p. 6 middle. (Online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp
  6. ↑ All about the Opera Ball. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 25272 S / 1935, January 20, 1935, p. 9, above. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  7. ↑ Federal Law Gazette 1934/337. In:  Federal Law Gazette for the Federal State of Austria , year 1934, p. 795. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / bgl.
  8. ↑ The Opera Ball. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 25279 S / 1935, January 27, 1935, p. 9. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp,
    Pictures from the Vienna Opera Ball 1938. In:  Wiener Bilder , No. 5/1935 (XL. Volume), February 3, 1935, p. 11. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrb.
  9. ↑ Grace and grace at the opera ball. In:  Das Kleine Blatt , series 54/1939 (XIIIth year), February 23, 1939, p. 6, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / dkb,
    Caption: Wiener Opernball 1939. In:  Wiener Bilder , No. 9/1939 (XLIV. Volume), February 26, 1939, p. 3. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrb.
  10. ↑ Head of opera Karajan resigned. (...) The Opera Ball is still taking place . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 8, 1962, p. 1 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  11. ↑ 12,000 working hours for the Opera Ball. In: wien.orf.at. February 25, 2014, accessed on February 28, 2014 (with reference to the newly published memoir “Vom Sattel zum Tanzparkett” (K&S Verlag)).
  12. ↑ The stage , spending 352-363, 1988, p 48
  13. ↑ Numbers games around the opera ball . In: wien.orf.at , February 9, 2007, accessed on March 13, 2013.
  14. ↑ Opera is becoming a ballroom again . In: wien.orf.at , February 9, 2010, accessed on March 13, 2013.
  15. ↑ How the opera becomes a ballroom . In: wien.orf.at , January 29, 2008, accessed on March 13, 2013.
  16. ↑ derStandard.at - Maria Großbauer is the new opera ball organizer . Article dated March 23, 2016, accessed March 23, 2016.
  17. ↑ orf.at: Opera ball loses master of ceremonies . Article dated September 21, 2018, accessed September 21, 2018.
  18. ↑ a b Kleine Zeitung: Opera Ball 2019: Santner dance school designs the opening choreography . Article dated September 29, 2018, accessed September 29, 2018.
  19. ↑ diepresse.com - Ball opening: Vienna dances to its tune . Article dated February 8, 2015, accessed February 13, 2015.
  20. ^ Hans Pleininger: Waagner-Biró assembles stage boxes ( memento from December 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In : wirtschaftsblatt.at , February 19, 1998, accessed on September 16, 2012.
  21. ^ The Stage , Edition 2, 2003, p. 20
  22. ↑ APA : Decoration with 40,000 flowers after two hours like swept away . In: derstandard.at , February 20, 2009, accessed on March 13, 2013.
  23. ↑ It's all a waltz! The Vienna Opera Ball will be broadcast on Chinese television for the first time . In: welt.de , February 3, 2005, accessed on March 13, 2013.
  24. ↑ 90 minutes live broadcast after a two-year break: FS 2 brings the Opera Ball again . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 10, 1984, p. 14 , above ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  25. ↑ Guest list from “Förtschi” to “Ruby” . In: wien.orf.at , March 1, 2011, accessed on March 13, 2013.
  26. ↑ The ORF story of the opera ball ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved March 8, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kundendienst.orf.at
  27. ^ Eva Lind Opera Ball 1986
  28. ↑ APA: Valentina Nafornita and Adam Plachetka sing at the opening . In: vienna.at , February 4, 2013, accessed on March 13, 2013.
  29. ↑ "Meyer relies on young artists at the opening" in the Kronen Zeitung on January 28, 2014
  30. ↑ State Opera: Opera Ball 2016 . Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  31. ↑ orf.at - star tenor Kaufmann opens opera ball . Article from January 23, 2017, accessed on January 23, 2017.
  32. ^ Orf.at: Opera Ball: Debut for President and Chancellor . Article dated February 17, 2017, accessed February 18, 2017.
  33. ↑ Soprano Daniela Fally is canceled for the Opera Ball In: sn.at , February 5, 2018, accessed on February 14, 2018.
  34. ↑ orf.at: Netrebko sings at the opera ball opening . Article from January 16, 2019, accessed on January 16, 2019.
  35. ^ Association Sand & Zeit: Augustin ABC (...) Sacrificial Ball ( Memento of the original from December 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: augustin.or.at , accessed on March 13, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.augustin.or.at
  36. ↑ a b Helga Maria Wolf: Austrian festivals & customs in the annual cycle , NP Buchverlag, St. Pölten 2003, ISBN 3-85326-225-2 , p. 45 f.
  37. ↑ 1968: “Against the System” , Die Universität Online, June 2, 2008
  38. ^ Otmar Bauer: 1968. Artes Literature , Edition Roesner, 2004, ISBN 3-902300-11-6 , pp. 27-28.
  39. ↑ Ulrike Repnik: The history of the lesbian and gay movement in Austria . Feminist Theory, Volume 48, ZDB -ID 2025316-3 . Milena-Verlag, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85286-136-5 , p. 122. (Partly at the same time: Diploma thesis. University of Vienna, Vienna 2003: Ulrike Repnik: Homosexualities as a political topic. Origin and course of the lesbian and gay movement in Austria ). - Table of contents online (PDF) .
  40. ↑ Lukas Kapeller, Rosa Winkler-Hermaden, Hubsi Kramar: "I already had the costume" . In: derstandard.at , February 10, 2010, accessed on March 17, 2011.
  41. ^ Protest rally of the "Friends of Prosperity" at the Opera Ball (...) 2011 . In: Unser-wohlstand.com , March 3, 2011, accessed on February 2, 2016.
  42. ^ "Random Guest" Lang Lang. (...) Mini-demonstration against “proletarianization” . In: orf.at , March 3, 2011, accessed on September 16, 2012.
  43. ^ The million dollar opera ball, in: FAZ No. 25, February 10, 2018, p. 25.
  44. ↑ The 2016 Opera Ball has opened . APA notification dated November 11, 2015, accessed November 16, 2015.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The event was so sought after - 4,000 visitors were expected - that forged tickets were circulated in advance. - See: The fake tickets for the Opera Ball. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, No. 25276 A / 1935, January 24, 1935, p. 1 middle. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  2. ↑ Because of the unfortunate reports of the last few years , the decision was made against a TV broadcast in 1982, but four hours of live reports were broadcast on Ö Regional and Radio Wien . - See: hearing + seeing. Today on Ö R: The Opera Ball . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 18, 1982, p. 14 , above ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized). The day after the ball, a fifteen-minute recording of the opening was broadcast on FS 2. - See: hearing + seeing. FS 2 . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 19, 1982, p. 14 , top right ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  3. ↑ Ten minutes preliminary report on FS 2 on the evening of the event; Live radio broadcast like 1982. - See: Hören +ehen . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 10, 1983, p. 14 , passim ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized). On the following day, 45-minute recording on FS 2. - See: Hearing + Seeing. FS 2 . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna February 11, 1983, p. 14 , top right ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).