Set elements
A quantity element (also macro element ) is a mineral substance which, in contrast to the trace element (micro element ), occurs in various media in a mass fraction of more than 50 mg per kilogram. Because bulk elements are usually ionized in an aqueous medium, ie as positively (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ) or negatively (Cl - , HPO 4 2− , SO 4 2− ) charged particles, they are called Called electrolytes .
The quantity elements important for the human organism are:
- Calcium (Ca) - meaning u. a. for stabilization of the skeletal system , blood clotting, conduction of excitation ( muscle contraction ), activation of enzymes
- Potassium (K) - meaning u. a. for maintaining the membrane potential , regulating blood pressure, protein and glycogen formation
- Sodium (Na) - meaning u. a. for concentration gradient in nerve cells (together with potassium), absorption and transport of nutrients, regulation of the water balance and the acid / base balance
- Magnesium (Mg) - part of bones, teeth, numerous enzymes and energy-rich phosphate compounds
- Phosphorus (P) - as phosphate u. a. Part of bones, nucleic acids and monomeric nucleotides (such as ATP ), phospholipids
- Sulfur (S) - part of the amino acids cysteine and methionine as well as the B vitamins biotin and thiamine
- Chlorine (Cl) - together with sodium u. a. important for water balance, acid / base balance; Chlorine is a component of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl)
The four basic elements of the organisms hydrogen , carbon , nitrogen and oxygen do not belong to the minerals and thus also not to the quantity elements .
The entire biomass consists of 99% of these four elements.
H | Hey | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Li | Be | B. | C. | N | O | F. | No | |||||||||||
N / A | Mg | Al | Si | P | S. | Cl | Ar | |||||||||||
K | Approx | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | |
Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mon | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | CD | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I. | Xe | |
Cs | Ba | La | * | Hf | Ta | W. | re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Ed | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Marg |
Fr. | Ra | Ac | ** | Rf | Db | Sg | Bra | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | |||||||
* | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | He | Tm | Yb | Lu | ||||
** | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pooh | At the | Cm | Bk | Cf | It | Fm | Md | No | Lr |
The four basic organic elements | Set elements | essential trace elements | probably essential trace elements |
literature
- Gertrud Rehner, Hannelore Daniel: Biochemistry of nutrition . Springer, 2010. ISBN 9783827422170 . P. 260.
- Hans-Konrad Biesalski, Olaf Adam: Nutritional medicine: according to the nutritional medicine curriculum of the German Medical Association . Georg Thieme, 2004. ISBN 9783131002938 . P. 167.