English national cricket team

English national cricket team
Test status received	1877
First Test - Match	against Australia in Melbourne , March 1877
First ODI	against Australia in Melbourne , January 1971
First T20I	v Australia in Southampton , June 2005
captain	Joe Root ( test ), Eoin Morgan ( ODI , T20I )
Coach	Chris Silverwood
Official ICC test ranking	4 of 12
Official ICC ODI ranking	1 of 20
Official ICC T20I ranking	2 of 84
World Cup participation	12
First World Cup	1975
Best World Cup result	Winner (2019)
Champions Trophy participation	8th
First Champions Trophy	1998
Best Champions Trophy result	Finalist (2004, 2013)
World Twenty20 participations	6th
First World Twenty20	2007
Best World Twenty20 result	Winner (2010)
As of May 26, 2020

The England national cricket team is the national cricket team that represents England and Wales internationally. She is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) and is therefore entitled to carry out tests against other full members. It has been run by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) since January 1, 1997 , which replaced the Test and County Cricket Board (TCCB), which in turn succeeded the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1968 . Until the early 1990s she formally represented Scotland and Ireland, which have since been independent members of the ICC.

history

Pre-test era

The first team known today to represent "England" was an "All-England" team that narrowly lost on July 9, 1739 to a strong team from Kent. In the following decades many games of a similar nature followed, until in 1846 William Clarke called an "All-England Eleven" into being. Between 1857 and 1866, annual games were played against the "United All-England Eleven", which was later founded and were the highlight of the English cricket season at the time.

The first English team to compete overseas traveled to North America in September 1859. It consisted of six players each from the two "All-England Elevens", its captain was George Parr .

With the outbreak of the Civil War one had to look elsewhere, and in the winter season 1861/62 an English team traveled to Australia for the first time under the direction of HH Stephenson . The games played there, however, were played against teams that mostly consisted of more than 11 players, as they hoped for the greatest financial return. Another tour took place under George Parr in the 1863/64 season.

The first tests

The first test , as it was subsequently called, took place from March 15, 1877, on a tour organized by James Lillywhite, at the Melbourne Cricket Ground against Australia . The English team lost this with 45 runs. The Australian Charles Bannerman scored the first century in test cricket history with his only first-class century ever, and to date the largest percentage of a single player in a full test innings . England was able to return the favor with a 4 wickets victory almost two weeks later. The hosts won the first test match in England in 1880. This was also the first time that England could compete in full strength, including WG Grace .

In the years that followed, other tours followed, with the Australian tour in England in 1882 standing out in particular. Australia managed to surprisingly beat the English with 7 runs in a close game; as a result, the Ashes were born. After the victory of the English team in the first Ashes series in Australia in 1882/83, the English dominated this series in the early days and were able to win the Ashes ten more times by the end of the 19th century. They also contested their first test match against South Africa in 1889 . For the Ashes series in 1899, the MCC and the county clubs set up a selection committee for the first time to select the players, which in England had always been previously determined by the respective home club of the venue.

Beginning of the 20th century

The beginning of the new century was very mixed. Before the First World War, only four of the eight Ashes series played against Australia were won and in 1905/06 they even lost a test series against South Africa for the first time. In the 1912 season, the first and only time a test cricket tournament was held between the then three test nations England, Australia and South Africa over nine games. England won the tournament with four wins out of six games, but a very rainy summer, a weakened Australian team, not very effective South African bowlers and little spectator interest in the games without English participation made the tournament a failure overall. Before the outbreak of the First World War there was a tour to South Africa.

After the war, the team initially struggled and lost the first three Ashes series significantly. In the 1920/21 series, England even suffered its first whitewash , i.e. defeats in all games. It was not until 1926 that they were able to win back the Ashes and even defend them with 4 to 1 wins in Australia in 1928/29. At that time, the West Indies and New Zealand were the fourth and fifth test nations, but initially they hardly had a chance. In the 1929/30 season England even sent two separate teams to New Zealand and the Caribbean. While they were victorious in New Zealand, they drew against the West Indies, which was mainly due to the rainy conditions in the fourth and final test.

The 1930 Ashes, dominated by the Australian batsman legend Don Bradman , lost England 1-2.

Bodyline Series

Fourth test of the Bodyline Series 1933

The Ashes series in Australia in 1932/33 went down in history as the Bodyline series. Australia's Don Bradman was so outstanding that the English captain Douglas Jardine decided to use a new bowling tactic. This was a modification of the so-called Leg Theory and was later named Bodyline by the Australians . From the Australians' point of view, the ball was bowled unfairly onto the batsman's body in such a way that he ran the risk of being hit by the ball and he was therefore only able to fend off the ball uncontrollably behind him on the leg side, wherever a number of English outfielders stood ready to catch the ball. The English strategy worked out and through this style of play the team managed to win the series 4 to 1. This tactic led to rule changes in later years that limited the number of field players behind the batsman on the leg-side to two, so that it can no longer be used today.

Prewar years

England's tour to India in 1933/34 saw the first test there on the Indian subcontinent. The English almost bowlers Morris Nichols and Nobby Clark even forced Indian batsmen to wear pith helmets instead of ordinary caps for protection.

The 1934 Ashes won Australia 2-1. You should keep them for the next 19 years until after the war. Because of the "batsman-friendly" pitches , many beat records were set and many games ended in a draw after high scores.

The 1938/39 test series in South Africa, which England won 1-0, went down in cricket history through the so-called "Timeless Test" in Durban . Since the series had not yet been decided before this last test, the game was set to have no time limit, but had to be canceled as a draw after 10 days, as otherwise the English team would not have been able to get their train to the ship for the journey home in time.

The last test series before the war England won in 1939 at home 1–0 against the West Indies, although a team was still selected for a tour to India, which it did not come to.

Post-war years

Immediately after the war, the English team struggled at first. Despite victories against India and South Africa, they lost against Australia first 0-3 and then in 1948 against the so-called "Invincibles" with 0-4. To make matters worse, there was even a 0-2 defeat against the West Indies.

It was not until the 1950s that the English team enjoyed another good star. The team won three Ashes series between 1953 and 1956, the 1954/55 series in particular, in which England's “Typhoon” Tyson defeated the Australians almost single- handedly with his almost single-handed bowling. The Ashes 1956 were dominated by the English off-spin bowler Jim Laker , who achieved 46 wickets with an average of 9.62 and at Old Trafford with 19 wickets for 90 runs, a record unmatched to this day. A draw against South Africa was followed by easy wins against the West Indies and New Zealand. But the Ashes 1958/59 were lost with 0-4 despite high expectations.

In the 1960s, international cricket became increasingly balanced as the West Indies became a major test nation and dominated against England. Australia was also able to successfully defend the Ashes in this phase. A strong phase followed again between 1967 and 1971, when England did not lose ten test series in a row. During this time England won victories against New Zealand, India, the West Indies and Pakistan. Under their captain Ray Illingworth , they also retook the Ashes in 1970/71.

The rise of limited-overs cricket

From the mid-1970s onwards, one-day cricket became increasingly important alongside test cricket . At the first World Cup in 1975 , the team advanced to the semi-finals, where it failed to the Australians. From 1977 to 1986 a dominance against Australia in test cricket followed. England won five of nine series and ended two in a draw. At the World Championships at that time, England failed in the final against the West Indies in 1979, in the semi-finals against India in 1983 and in the final against Australia in 1987 .

From the 1990s until today

From 1989 the dominance of the Australians began, because England lost the eight Ashes series between 1989 and 2002, some very significantly. At the 1992 World Championships, they finished second behind Pakistan, but from then on, one-day cricket went downhill. In 1996 the quarter-finals were still difficult to reach, where they lost significantly to Sri Lanka. At the next events in 1999 and 2003 , even that was no longer achieved, as Zimbabwe, which is otherwise much weaker, placed in the preliminary round before England. Only with second place in the Champions Trophy 2004 behind the West Indies did things improve again. In 2005, under captain Michael Vaughan , Ashes managed a surprising victory against Australia on home soil and at the 2007 World Cup, the team only narrowly failed in the second round. In the newly emerging Twenty20 Cricket, the team initially struggled. In the first two events in 2007 and 2009 , the English failed in the intermediate round. Real changes came when Andy Flower took over the team as coach in 2009 . After Ashes' victory in 2009, the first ever world championship was won by winning the World Twenty20 in the West Indies. At the 2011 World Cup , however, the team failed again in the quarter-finals against Sri Lanka, but was able to become the leading test nation in the world thanks to successes in the home series in test cricket 2011. They lost this position to South Africa a year later and the team slipped further into the crisis even in the shorter formats. At the World Twenty20 2012 you failed in the Super 8. At the 2013 you achieved a good result with a second place. However, this could not be confirmed in the following tournaments. The World Twenty20 2014 ended disappointingly after the Super 10 and at the Cricket World Cup 2015 you had to let Bangladesh go first and were eliminated in the preliminary round.

They hosted the Cricket World Cup 2019 and were able to assert themselves in the preliminary round and advance to the semi-finals. There they won dominantly against Australia and then met New Zealand in the final. The final ended in a draw, as did the subsequent Super Over. Since England had more boundaries in the game, they won the World Cup for the first time.

Captains

So far, a total of 79 players have captained England in a test match.

No.	Surname	Period
1	James Lillywhite	1876-1877
2	Lord Harris	1878-1884
3	Alfred Shaw	1881-1882
4th	Albert N. Hornby	1882-1884
5	Honorable Ivo Bligh	1882-1883
6th	Arthur Shrewsbury	1884-1887
7th	Allan Steel	1886-1888
8th	Walter Read	1887-1892
9	Flat share Grace	1888-1899
10	C. Aubrey Smith	1888-1889
11	Monty Bowden	1888-1889
12	Andrew Stoddart	1893-1898
13	Sir Tim O'Brien	1895-1896
14th	Lord Hawke	1895-1899
15th	Archie MacLaren	1897-1909
16	Plum Warner	1903-1906
17th	Honorable Stanley Jackson	1905
18th	Tip Foster	1907
19th	Frederick Fane	1907-1910
20th	Arthur Jones	1907-1908
21st	HDG Leveson-Gower	1909-1910
22nd	Johnny Douglas	1911-1924
23	CB Fry	1912
24	Lionel Tennyson	1921
25th	Frank Mann	1922-1923
26th	Arthur Gilligan	1924-1925
27	Arthur Carr	1926-1929
28	Percy Chapman	1926-1931
29	Rony Stanyforth	1927-1928
30th	Greville Stevens	1927-1928
31	Jack White	1928-1929
32	Harold Gilligan	1929-1930
33	Honorable Freddie Calthorpe	1929-1930
34	Bob Wyatt	1930-1935
35	Douglas Jardine	1931-1934
36	Cyril Walters	1934
37	Gubby Allen	1936-1948
38	Walter Robins	1937
39	Wally Hammond	1938-1947
40	Norman Yardley	1946-1950
41	Ken Cranston	1947-1948
42	George Mann	1948-1949
43	Freddie Brown	1949-1951
44	Nigel Howard	1951-1952
45	Donald Carr	1951-1952
46	Len Hutton	1952-1956
47	David Sheppard	1954
48	Peter May	1955-1961
49	Colin Cowdrey	1959-1969
50	Ted Dexter	1961-1964
51	MJK Smith	1963-1966
52	Brian Close	1966-1967
53	Tom Graveney	1968
54	Ray Illingworth	1969-1973
55	Tony Lewis	1972-1973
56	Mike Denness	1973-1975
57	John Edrich	1974-1975
58	Tony Greig	1975-1977
59	Mike Brearley	1977-1981
60	Geoffrey Boycott	1977-1988
61	Ian Botham	1980-1981
62	Keith Fletcher	1981-1982
63	Bob Willis	1982-1984
64	David Gower	1982-1989
65	Mike Gatting	1986-1988
66	John Emburey	1988
67	Chris Cowdrey	1988
68	Graham Gooch	1988-1993
69	Allan Lamb	1989-1991
70	Alec Stewart	1992-2001
71	Mike Atherton	1993-2001
72	Wet Hussain	1999-2003
73	Mark Butcher	1999
74	Michael Vaughan	2003-2008
75	Marcus Trescothick	2004-2006
76	Andrew Flintoff	2006-2007
77	Andrew Strauss	2006–2012
78	Kevin Pietersen	2008-2009
79	Alastair Cook	2010-2017
80	Joe Root	2017 – today

Stages

See also : List of test cricket stadiums

No.	Stadion	city	First edition
1	The oval	London	September 6, 1880
2	Old Trafford Cricket Ground	Manchester	July 10, 1884
3	Lord's Cricket Ground	London	July 21, 1884
4th	Trent Bridge	Nottingham	June 1, 1899
5	Headingley Stadium (Headingley)	Leeds	June 29, 1899
6th	County Cricket Ground (Edgbaston)	Birmingham	May 29, 1902
7th	Bramall Lane	Sheffield	July 3, 1902
8th	County Ground (Riverside)	Chester-le-Street	June 5, 2003
9	SWALEC Stadium (Sophia Gardens)	Cardiff	July 8, 2009
10	Rose Bowl	Southampton	June 16, 2011

Balance sheet

The team has the following results against the other full members of the ICC in Test, ODI and Twenty20 cricket ( as of August 1, 2020 ).

opponent	Testing					ODIs					Twenty20s
	Sp.	S.	U	N	N	Sp.	S.	U	N	NO	Sp.	S.	U	N	NO
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	0
Australia	351	110	0	146	95	149	62	2	82	3	16	6th	0	9	1
Bangladesh	10	9	0	1	0	21st	17th	0	4th	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	122	47	0	26th	49	100	42	2	53	3	14th	7th	0	7th	0
Ireland	1	1	0	0	0	11	9	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1
New Zealand	105	0	48	11	46	91	41	3	43	4th	21st	12	1	7th	1
Pakistan	83	25th	0	21st	37	88	53	3	32	0	15th	10	1	4th	0
Zimbabwe	6th	3	0	0	3	30th	31	0	8th	1	1	1	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	34	15th	0	8th	11	75	36	2	36	1	9	5	0	4th	0
South Africa	153	64	0	34	55	63	28	1	30th	4th	18th	8th	0	9	1
West Indies	160	51	0	58	51	102	52	0	44	6th	18th	7th	0	11	0

International tournaments

World Cricket Championship

• 1975 semi-finals
• 1979 2nd place
• 1983 semi-finals
• 1987 2nd place
• 1992 2nd place
• 1996 quarter-finals
• 1999 preliminary round
• 2003 preliminary round
• 2007 Super 8
• 2011 quarter finals
• 2015 preliminary round
• 2019 winner

Champions Trophy

• 1998 quarter-finals
• 2000 quarter-finals
• 2002 preliminary round
• 2004 2nd place
• 2006 preliminary round
• 2009 semi-finals
• 2013 2nd place
• 2017 semi-finals

World Twenty20

• 2007 Super 8
• 2009 Super 8
• 2010 winner
• 2012 Super 8
• 2014 Super 10
• 2016 final

Individual evidence

1. ↑ MCC History ( English ) MCC. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
2. ↑ The history or Cricket in Scotland ( English ) Cricket Scotland. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
3. ^ Wisden Cricketers' Almanack , 128th Edition, John Wisden & Co Ltd, 1991, Sn. 293 and 1321, ISBN 0-947766-16-2
4. ↑ Other matches played by England ( English ) Cricket Archive. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
5. ^ G Parr's XI in North America 1859 ( English ) Cricket Archive. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
6. ^ Martin Williamson: England v Australia 1861-1888 ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
7. ↑ England tour of Australia, 1876/77 - 1st Test ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
8. ↑ England tour of Australia, 1876/77 - 2nd Test ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
9. ↑ Australia tour of England, 1880 - Only Test ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
10. ^ Australia in England 1880 . Wisden. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
11. ↑ England v Australia 1882 ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
12. ↑ Test matches ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
13. ^ The English team in South Africa 1888–89 ( English ) Cricinfo-Wisden. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
14. ↑ Test matches ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
15. ↑ Test matches ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
16. ^ MCC team in New Zealand, 1929-30 ( English ) Cricinfo-Wisden. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
17. ^ MCC team in the West Indies 1929-30 ( English ) Cricinfo-Wisden. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
18. ↑ The Ashes, 1930 / Results ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
19. ↑ SJ Southerton: The MCC team in Australia and New Zealand, 1932-33 ( English ) Cricinfo-Wisden. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
20. ↑ Test matches ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
21. ↑ Test matches ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
22. ↑ Test matches ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
23. ↑ England dethrone India to become No.1 ( English ) Cricinfo. August 13, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
24. ↑ The time period refers to the corresponding cricket season in which the first or last game of the time as captain took place
25. Jump up ↑ The only player who was both the captain of England's national soccer and cricket teams. [1]
26. ↑ Records / England / Test Matches / Result Summary ( English ) Cricinfo. Accessed July 31, 2020.
27. ↑ Records / England / One-Day Internationals / Result Summary ( English ) Cricinfo. Accessed July 31, 2020.
28. ↑ Records / England / Twenty20 Internationals / Result Summary ( English ) Cricinfo. Accessed July 31, 2020.