Cricket World Cup

The Cricket World Cup is the world championship in one-day cricket and the most important trophy in cricket today . In the traditional test cricket over several days there is no corresponding competition. Since 2007 there has also been a world championship tournament in Twenty20 cricket with the ICC T20 World Cup . The tournament has been held eleven times so far. The record winner is the Australian team , which has won the trophy five times so far.

history

Before the World Cup

The traditional form of cricket, the five-day test cricket , did not allow a world championship to be held. So it was mainly the case that one national team visited the other on a tour and played several games against them during this. Only the one-day format developed in the 1960s, which only lasted one day, made it possible to achieve a compact tournament form. However, this format was still very young, as there had only been 18 clashes between international teams before the first World Cup.

The early years

The first three world championships were named after the sponsor Prudential World Cup. Each game consisted of one innings with 60 overs per team. The dominant team was the team from the West Indies , which managed to win two World Cups. The first World Cup was held in England in June 1975 , with eight teams participating. Two other teams were invited to the six test nations Australia , England , India , Pakistan , New Zealand and West Indies: Sri Lanka , which only received test status in 1981, and an East African team made up of players from Kenya , Tanzania , Uganda and Zambia composed. In the final, which was held at Lord's Cricket Ground , the team from the West Indies beat Australia with 17 runs. The tournament was seen as a success, which further boosted the ODI format.

Four years later a qualifying tournament, the ICC Trophy, was introduced . Sri Lanka and Canada prevailed in this tournament, joining the six test nations. At Lord's again, the West Indies captain Clive Lloyd received the trophy for the second time. He and his team had prevailed in the final against hosts England with 92 runs. From now on the World Cup was established as a four-year tournament.

In 1983 the World Cup took place in England for the third time in a row. Since Sri Lanka had meanwhile become a test nation, there was only one additional place left for a non-test nation, which Zimbabwe was able to secure in the ICC Trophy 1982 . The game itself received some changes, as a fielding circle was introduced which required at least four players from the non-batting team to stay in it. In the final there was a surprise victory of the Indian team with 43 runs against the highly favored team of the West Indies, which missed the third tournament victory in a row.

A game in transition

The 1987 World Cup was the first not to be held in England, but in India and Pakistan . This required a reduction in the number of overs per innings from 60 to 50, due to the shorter day length on the Indian subcontinent compared to that of the English summer. In addition to the seven test nations, Zimbabwe was again able to prevail in the ICC Trophy the year before. The preliminary round groups were won by the two hosts, but they were eliminated in the semi-finals. In the final, Australia prevailed in a close game against England with 7 runs and thus won their first World Cup.

In 1992 the situation arose for the first time that more than eight teams competed in the World Cup. The reason for the short-term expansion was the participation of South Africa , which was re-accepted into the ICC after the end of apartheid and was also given its test status back shortly after the tournament. In the ICC Trophy 1990 , Zimbabwe prevailed for the third time in a row, which also rose to the ninth test nation a few months after the tournament. There have been numerous changes to the game. This allowed the teams to wear colored jerseys with the names of the respective players on their backs. Before, as in test cricket today, white was a must. The ball color was also changed from red to white, which went hand in hand with the introduction of floodlight games. This opportunity was also widely used at the tournaments in Australia and New Zealand. In addition, the rules for the fielding circle were modified again, which now demanded that during the first 15 over no more than two field players were allowed to stay outside the 30-yard circle around the pitch . In terms of sport, New Zealand was able to convince in the preliminary round, which won against all teams except Pakistan. In the semifinals it met Pakistan again and lost again. In the final there was a clash with England, in which the Pakistani team under captain Imran Khan was able to prevail with 22 runs.

The next World Cup was held in 1996 in Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. The field of participants was increased to 12 teams, so that there were three qualifiers from the ICC Trophy. These were the Netherlands , Kenya and the United Arab Emirates . The tournament was marked by scandals, from which the eventual winner Sri Lanka was the main beneficiary. In the preliminary round, Australia and the West Indies refused to play their scheduled group matches in the Sri Lankan capital Colombo , as the civil war in Sri Lanka had intensified shortly before through terrorist attacks. Both times the team from Sri Lanka was awarded the victory, so that it would have advanced to the quarter-finals without a fight. After the victory over England there, the semi-final game against India in the Eden Gardens of Calcutta was canceled and scored for Sri Lanka. Indian fans had started to riot after a playful break-in of their team, threw bottles on the field and set the seating on fire. In the other semi-final, Australia was able to prevail against the West Indies. In the final itself Sri Lanka won with 7 wickets. The game was decisively shaped by Aravinda de Silva , who not only managed to score 3 wickets as a bowler , but also to run 107 runs not out as a batsman .

The Australian dominance

The 1999 edition was played in England, with some games awarded to Wales , Scotland , Ireland and the Netherlands . In the qualification this time Kenya, Scotland and for the first time the test nation Bangladesh prevailed, so that the field of participants consisted of 12 teams. In the semifinals there was a rare tie when South Africa missed the target set by Australia by one run. Australia qualified for the final as they were better placed in the previous Super 6 round. In the final, the team prevailed against Pakistan, which did not manage to repeat the decent performance it had shown during the tournament in the final.

In 2003, the controversy increased again. This time Canada, Namibia and the Netherlands were able to qualify via the ICC Trophy . Kenya had received ODI status after the 1996 World Cup and was exempt from qualification requirements for this tournament. Bangladesh had also received test status in the meantime. The tournament took place in South Africa, but some games were to be played in Kenya and Zimbabwe. However, England refused to play in Zimbabwe due to the political conditions there, just as New Zealand refused to go to Kenya. Here security risks were mentioned and both times the hosts were awarded the victory. This decision took revenge for England, as they would have survived the preliminary round if a victory was likely. Zimbabwe made it into the Super 6, while Kenya even made it to the semi-finals, the first non-test nation to do so. There, however, the team lost to India, which had to face the defending champions from Australia in the final. The game went clearly to the Australian team, which was able to prevail with 125 runs.

The 2007 World Cup was held in the British West Indies. The number of participants was increased again to 16 teams, so that five teams could qualify at the ICC Trophy 2005. These were Scotland, Ireland, Canada, Bermuda and the Netherlands, of which only Ireland made it into the main round, which was played as Super 8. The death of Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer , who was found shortly after the surprise elimination against Ireland, caused a lot of excitement . There was some suspicion that he was murdered, but natural causes were later found to be the cause of death. In the final, Australia was able to celebrate as world champion for the third time in a row. They won against Sri Lanka in a game that was not fully played due to poor lighting conditions with 53 runs using the Duckworth-Lewis method .

Domination at home world championships

The 2011 World Cup was held in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Pakistan was originally supposed to be co-host of the tournament, but lost host status after attacking the Sri Lankan cricket team in a friendly in Lahore in March 2009. In addition to the ten test nations, four qualifiers of the tournament now known as the ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier , which was held in 2009, took part. Ireland, Canada, the Netherlands and Kenya, which had lost their permanent ODI status due to poor performance, were able to prevail there. At the tournament itself, the three South Asian representatives India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, alongside the team from New Zealand, managed to qualify for the semi-finals. Ultimately, India prevailed with a 6 wicket win in the final against Sri Lanka, who managed to knock out the series winner of recent years, Australia, in the quarterfinals.

After the number of participants at the World Cup 2011 declined for the first time, the ICC initially decided to further reduce the number for the next events. At the 2015 World Cup in Australia and New Zealand, only the ten full members of the ICC should take part before there should be another opportunity to qualify for the second row of the national teams in the 2019 edition . After this was heavily criticized by the Associate Members of the ICC, the latter decided to hold the tournament with 14 teams. As a result, the qualification options for associate members were redefined. Two places were awarded to the two best teams in the one-day competition of the World Cricket League Championship 2011-2013 , Ireland and Afghanistan, who qualified for the first time. Another two places went to Scotland and the United Arab Emirates in the 2014 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier in New Zealand . In addition to the two hosts, South Africa and India made it to the semi-finals. In the final, the two hosts faced each other and Australia was able to prevail against New Zealand.

The 2019 Cricket World Cup was held in England from May 30th to July 14th, 2019. This time, compared to the 2011 and 2015 editions, the ICC has decided that the number of teams will be reduced to ten. The seven highest placed ICC world rankings, apart from England, qualify automatically. Two other participants, West Indies and Afghanistan , were identified in a qualifying tournament that took place in Zimbabwe from March 4 to 25, 2018. This also allowed the associate and affiliate members to participate, but it also meant that for the first time two full members of the ICC did not take part in the World Cup, as did no non-full members. In the preliminary round Australia, England, India and New Zealand dominated and qualified for the semi-finals. England and New Zealand prevailed there and England won the final due to more boundaries scored after the game and the subsequent Super Over ended in a draw.

outlook

The 2023 edition is to be held in India.

World Cup tournaments

year	host	winner	Final opponent	Result
1975	England	West Indies	Australia	West Indies win with 17 runs
1979	England	West Indies	England	West Indies win with 92 runs
1983	England	India	West Indies	India wins with 43 runs
1987	India , Pakistan	Australia	England	Australia wins with 7 runs
1992	Australia , New Zealand	Pakistan	England	Pakistan wins with 22 runs
1996	India , Pakistan , Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka	Australia	Sri Lanka wins with 7 wickets
1999	England	Australia	Pakistan	Australia wins with 8 wickets
2003	South Africa	Australia	India	Australia wins with 125 runs
2007	West Indies	Australia	Sri Lanka	Australia wins with 53 runs (D / L)
2011	Bangladesh , India , Sri Lanka	India	Sri Lanka	India wins with 6 wickets
2015	Australia , New Zealand	Australia	New Zealand	Australia wins with 7 wickets
2019	England , Wales	England	New Zealand	England wins with more boundaries
2023	India

Cutting off the teams

The test nations Australia, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and West Indies have been represented each time in the eleven World Cups that have been held so far. South Africa was only allowed to start again from 1992, as it had left the ICC in 1961 .

Preliminary round (VR), Qualified (Q)

Quarterfinals (VF), Super 6 (S6) or Super8 (S8)

Semi-finals (HF)

Second place (2)

Tournament Winner (1)

Not a member of the ICC

team	CWC 1975	CWC 1979	CWC 1983	CWC 1987	CWC 1992	CWC 1996	CWC 1999	CWC 2003	CWC 2007	CWC 2011	CWC 2015	CWC 2019	Participation
Afghanistan											VR	VR	2
Australia	2	VR	VR	1	VR	2	1	1	1	VF	1	HF	12
Bangladesh							VR	VR	S8	VR	VF	VR	6th
Bermuda									VR				1
England	HF	2	HF	2	2	VF	VR	VR	S8	VF	VR	1	12
India	VR	VR	1	HF	VR	HF	S6	2	VR	1	HF	HF	12
Ireland									S8	VR	VR		3
Canada		VR						VR	VR	VR			4th
Kenya 1						VR	VR	HF	VR	VR			5
Namibia								VR					1
Netherlands						VR		VR	VR	VR			4th
New Zealand	HF	HF	VR	VR	HF	VF	HF	S6	HF	HF	2	2	12
East Africa	VR												1
Pakistan	VR	HF	HF	HF	1	VF	2	VR	VR	HF	VF	VR	12
South Africa					HF	VF	HF	VR	HF	VF	HF	VR	8th
Scotland							VR		VR		VR		3
Zimbabwe			VR	VR	VR	VR	S6	S6	VR	VR	VR		9
Sri Lanka	VR	VR	VR	VR	VR	1	VR	HF	2	2	VF	VR	12
Ver. Arab. Emirates						VR					VR		2
West Indies	1	1	2	VR	VR	HF	VR	VR	S8	VF	VF	VR	12
Attendees	8th	8th	8th	8th	9	12	12	14th	16	14th	14th	10

⁽¹⁾ Until 1981, Kenya was part of the East African cricket team

Records

Various statistics are kept as part of the World Cricket Championship. A selection of the services can be found below ( as of: World Cup 2015 ):

Highest team scores
team	year	Runs	opponent
Australia	2015	417/6	Afghanistan
India	2007	413/5	Bermuda
South Africa	2015	411/4	Ireland
South Africa	2015	408/5	West Indies
Sri Lanka	1996	398/5	Kenya

Lowest team scores
team	year	Runs	opponent
Canada	2003	36	Sri Lanka
Canada	1997	45	England
Namibia	2003	45	Australia
Bangladesh	2011	58	West Indies
Scotland	1999	68	West Indies

Most of the runs
player	Tournaments	Runs
Sachin Tendulkar	1992-2011	2,278
Ricky Ponting	1996-2011	1,743
Kumar Sangakkara	2003-2015	1,532
Brian Lara	1992-2007	1,225
AB de Villiers	2007-2015	1,207

Highest individual score
player	year	Runs	opponent
Martin Guptill	2015	237 *	West Indies
Chris Gayle	2015	215	Zimbabwe
Gary Kirsten	1996	188 *	Ver. Arab. Emirates
Sourav Ganguly	1999	183	Sri Lanka
Viv Richards	1987	181	Sri Lanka

Most of the wickets
player	Tournaments	Wickets
Glenn McGrath	1996-2007	71
Muttiah Muralitharan	1996-2011	68
Lasith Malinga	2007-2019	56
Wasim Akram	1987-2003	55
Mitchell Starc	2015-2019	49
Chaminda Vaas	1996-2007	49

Highest individual score
player	year	Wickets	opponent
Glenn McGrath	2003	7-15	Namibia
Andy Bichel	2003	7-20	England
Tim Southee	2015	7-33	England
Winston Davis	1983	7-51	Australia
Gary Gilmour	1975	6-14	England

See also

• Women's Cricket World Cup
• ICC U19 World Cricket Championship

Web links

Commons : Cricket World Cup  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 website
• International Cricket Council

supporting documents

1. ↑ Tony Cozier: West Indies victory heralds a new era ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Rahul Bhattacharya: The first World Cup ( English ) Cricinfo. July 10, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
3. ↑ West Indies retain their title ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
4. ↑ ^{a b} India stun the world ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
5. ↑ Australia win tight tournament ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
6. ↑ Imran's Tigers turn the corner ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
7. ↑ Siddhartha Vaidyanathan: Tears in vain as India crash out ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
8. ↑ Sri Lanka's crowning glory ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
9. ↑ Australia win anti-climactic final ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
10. ↑ Superb Australia leave others trailing ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
11. ↑ Martin Williamson: Australia triumph in a tournament to forget ( English ) Cricinfo. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
12. ↑ World Cup shifts base from Lahore to Mumbai ( English ) Cricinfo. April 27, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
13. ↑ ICC confirms 10 teams for next two World Cups ( English ) Cricinfo. April 4, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011.
14. ↑ Associates included in 2015 World Cup ( English ) Cricinfo. June 28, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
15. ↑ ICC spells out 2015 WC qualification plan ( English ) Cricinfo. October 11, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
16. ^ England lands Cricket World Cup . In: BBC Sport , April 30, 2006. Retrieved January 1, 2012. 
17. ↑ England awarded 2019 World Cup . In: espncricinfo . Retrieved January 1, 2012.
18. ^ Outcomes from ICC Board and Committee Meetings . Archived from the original on February 2, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 17, 2015. 
19. ↑ ICC limit 2019 Cricket World Cup to 10 teams . April 16, 2012. Archived from the original on December 17, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 17, 2014. 
20. ↑ Zimbabwe to host World Cup qualifier in March 2018 ( English ) Cricinfo. October 13, 2017. Accessed March 23, 2018.
21. ↑ Records / World Cup / Highest totals . Cricinfo. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
22. ↑ Records / World Cup / Lowest totals . Cricinfo. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
23. ^ Records / World Cup / Most runs . Cricinfo. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
24. ^ Records / World Cup / High scores . Cricinfo. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
25. ^ Records / World Cup / Most wickets . Cricinfo. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
26. ↑ Records / World Cup / Best bowling figures in an innings . Cricinfo. Retrieved March 29, 2015.