Rosa Mayreder

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Rosa Mayreder (1905)

Rosa Mayreder (née Obermayer , pseudonym: Franz Arnold ) (born November 30, 1858 in Vienna , Austrian Empire ; † January 19, 1938 there ) was an Austrian writer , women's rights activist , cultural philosopher , librettist , musician and painter .

Life

Rosa Mayreder around 16 years old

The daughter of the wealthy Viennese innkeeper from Winterbierhaus was able to work as a painter and writer from her youth. She loved science and at an early age fought against male primacy in education. This seemed to her to be justified in tradition, which she wanted to replace with “the new, better customs”. She started out from anthropology and physics, but soon came across the special importance of language . At the age of 37, she and Hugo Wolf brought out the opera “ Der Corregidor ” (based on the novella “Der Dreispitz” by Alarcon ), the libretto of which she wrote; she was one of Wolf's sponsors.

In 1881 Rosa married her childhood friend, the architect and later rector of the Vienna University of Technology, Karl Mayreder . In the early 1890s she met Marianne Hainisch at the women's rights activist Marie Lang and in 1893 she co-founded the General Austrian Women's Association , of which she became a board member and vice-president. From 1899 she published the journal Documents of Women together with Marie Lang and Auguste Fickert . She was also in contact with the composer Mathilde Kralik von Meyrswalden. In a letter dated May 13, 1936, the composer wrote her a letter, here is an excerpt: “Dear Madam, I am delighted with your wonderful sonnets, which are equally perfect in form, deep in thought and so rich in linguistic beauty that you can already hear the music in carry oneself ... “Source: Vienna Library.

In her books, but also in conversations that she wrote down in her diaries, she tried, as a cultural worker, to establish an equal relationship between the sexes, through which neither the man desires the woman nor the man only physically desires. Her request met with recognition and approval in literary circles. She saw her opponents primarily among representatives of medicine , which Mayreder perceived as a refuge of emotional arbitrariness and the degradation of women to sexual objects. She turned against gender discrimination and the existing double standards. Her works were widely distributed and were also translated into English. On the last 500 Schilling banknote that was issued , the quote “ The two sexes are too closely related and too dependent on each other for conditions that affect one should not affect the other ” was found next to its image (1905) . However, Rosa Mayreder herself also loved upper-class customs, which she tried to merge with her inner concerns.

Her relationship to Rudolf Steiner remained ambivalent : if the mutual correspondence shows that she is genuinely dressed, the diary entries are shaped by displeasure at the distant side of her childhood companion - even if he was considered important as a writer - by the practical.

Mayreder, who first worked as a painter herself, founded the “Art School for Women and Girls” (later renamed the Vienna Women's Academy ) with Olga Prager and Kurt Federn in the years before the First World War .

Before and during the war she was involved with Bertha von Suttner in the peace movement and in 1919 became chairwoman of the “International Women's League for Peace and Freedom” (IFFF), although from 1912 she was severely restricted in her work due to the care of her mentally ill husband . She criticized all forms of militarism, which she saw as typically male work. In the years after the First World War, Mayreder astutely noted a cultural step backwards into the 19th century.

In 1928 Rosa Mayreder was given the title of " Honorary Citizen of the City of Vienna ", but after she publicly acknowledged her Jewish grandfather, she was only recognized as " Honorary Citizen of the City of Vienna ". In 1938 she died in Vienna at the age of 80. Rosa Mayreder is in the family tomb "Mayreder" in the first row behind the church of St. Karl Borromeo in Vienna's central cemetery , next to her husband Karl, her in-laws Leopold and Henriette Mayreder (owner of the famous Matschakerhof hotel in Vienna I, Spiegelgasse 5 / Seilergasse 7), her brother-in-law, the architect Julius Mayreder and her sisters-in-law are buried. To this day, this grave is neither an honorary grave of the City of Vienna nor an honorary grave.

Honors

Rosa Mayreder on the 500 Schilling banknote (1997)

The Rosa Mayreder College in Vienna, founded in 1999 and dedicated to feminist educational work, was named after Mayreder . In 1965, Mayredergasse in Vienna- Donaustadt (22nd district) was named after her. The Rosa-Mayreder-Park has been located near Karlsplatz since 2005.

Her likeness was on the 500 shilling banknote from 1997. The reverse of the banknote shows portrait photos of Rosa and Karl Mayreder (above) and a group picture of the participants in the Bundestag Austrian women's associations in Vienna in 1911.

Works

Essays and essays

  • To the criticism of femininity . Essays. Diederichs, Jena 1905/1907/1922
  • To the criticism of femininity . Essays. Mandelbaum, Vienna 1998; New edition with an afterword by Eva Gerber
  • The typical course of social movements. Lecture given on May 9, 1917 at the Sociological Society in Vienna . Anzengruber, Vienna 1917; New edition: Braumüller, Vienna 1926
  • The woman and internationalism . Frisch, Vienna 1921
  • Gender and culture . Essays. Diederichs, Jena 1923
    new edition, ed. by Eva Geber . Almond tree / AUF edition, Vienna 1998
  • Asceticism and eroticism . Essays. Diederichs, Jena 1926
    new edition ( Ideas of Love, Crisis of Marriage ), ed. by Tatjana Popović. Verlag am Goetheanum, Dornach 2001
  • Ideas of love . Diederichs, Jena 1927
  • Human and humanity . Braumüller, Vienna 1928
  • The marriage crisis . Diederichs, Jena 1929
  • The last god . Cottasche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1932
    new edition, ed. by Tatjana Popović, with an introduction by Hermann Böhm. Böhlau, Vienna 2008
  • The crisis of fatherhood . Excerpts from the writings of Rosa Mayreder, ed. by Käthe Braun-Prager . Stiasny, 1963
  • To the criticism of femininity . Essays
    excerpts, ed. by Hanna Schnedl- (Bubenicek). Frauenoffensive, Munich 1982
    Extended new edition, ed. by Eva Geber. Mandelbaum / AUF-edition, Vienna, 1998
    new edition, ed. by Eva Geber. Mandelbaum, Vienna, 2018, ISBN 978-3-85476-559-2 .
  • Rosa Mayreder or Against the Tyranny of the Norm . Excerpts, ed. by Hanna (Schnedl) -Bubenicek. Böhlau, Vienna 1986

Narrative prose

  • From my youth (3 novellas). Pierson, Dresden 1896; 2nd edition: Heller, Vienna 1908
    Reprint of the novella Sonderlinge : Hillger, Berlin 1921
  • Transitions (novellas). Pierson, Dresden 1897; 2nd edition: Heller, Vienna 1908
  • Idols. Story of a love . S. Fischer, Berlin 1899
  • Pipin. A summer experience . Seemann, Leipzig 1903; 2nd edition: Heller, Vienna 1908
  • Fables about divine and human things . Anzengruber, Vienna 1921
    New edition for Mayreder's 155th birthday, ed. with the addition of contemporary documents, with comments and explanations by Simone Stefanie Klein. edition libica, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-9503701-0-2 .
  • Traugott Wendelin (formerly eccentric ). A novella by Rosa Mayreder, ed. Tatjana M. Popović, in BOD (Books on Demand), Norderstedt / Germany, June / August 2015

libretto

Plays

  • Anda Renata . Mystery in two parts (twelve images). Krey, Vienna 1932
  • Diana and Herodias . A mythical game. Private print 1937

Aphorisms, poems

  • Gifts of experience . Aphorisms, Darmstädter Verlag 1935
  • Ashmedai's sonnets to man . Private print 1937
    New edition for Mayreder's 160th birthday, ed. with the addition of illustrations and a philosophical essay by Simone Stefanie Klein. edition libica, Vienna 2018, ISBN 978-3-903137-21-9 .

Memoirs, diaries, letters

  • Letters to Rosa Mayreder from Hugo Wolf . Afterword by Rosa Mayreder. Rikola Verlag 1921
  • The house in Landskrongasse . Jugenderinnerungen
    Ed. By Käthe Braun-Prager. Mensa, Vienna 1948
    edited by Eva Geber. Almond tree / ON edition, 1998
  • Diaries 1873–1937 . Edited by Harriet Anderson, Insel, Frankfurt 1988
  • My pantheon . Memoirs, ed. by Susanne Kerkovius, Dornach 1988
  • "My dear, distant friends" . Letters to Ellen Kleman and Klara Johanson, ed. by Karin Bang. Text & Context, Copenhagen 2004

literature

  • Käthe Braun-Prager (ed.): The rise of women . For Rosa Mayreder's 70th birthday. Diederichs, Jena 1928
  • Dawn of the century of women . Rosa Mayreder and feminism in Vienna around 1900. Catalog for the special exhibition in the Historical Museum, Vienna 1989/1990
  • Hilde Schmölzer : Rosa Mayreder - A life between utopia and reality . Biography. Promedia, Vienna 2002
  • Leopold Spitzer : Hugo Wolf's “Der Corregidor”, Vienna, music science. Publisher, 2000
  • Kordula Knaus: Feminist on librettistic (dis) paths. Rosa Mayreder's libretto for Hugo Wolf's Corregidor, in: Musikologica Austriaca 26 (2007), pp. 219–230
  • Till Gerrit Waidelich: Rosa Mayreder's libretto for Hugo Wolf and the problem of style. In: Frankfurt magazine for musicology . 2008. Online Publication 11, pp. 1-18
  • Rosa Mayreder: Civilization and Gender . A reader published and provided with an afterword by Eva Geber , AUFedition Mandelbaum Verlag , Vienna 2010, ISBN 978385476-327-7
  • Edith Leisch-Prost: Mayreder, Rosa. In: Brigitta Keintzel, Ilse Korotin (ed.): Scientists in and from Austria. Life - work - work. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-205-99467-1 , pp. 495-499.

Web links

Commons : Rosa Mayreder  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Rosa Mayreder  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rosa-Mayreder-Park in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
personal data
SURNAME Mayreder, Rosa
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Obermayer, Rosa (maiden name); Arnold, Franz (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian women's rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH November 30, 1858
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH January 19, 1938
Place of death Vienna