Oslavany

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Oslavany
Oslavany coat of arms
Oslavany (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Area : 1871 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 7 '  N , 16 ° 20'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 7 '24 "  N , 16 ° 20' 11"  E
Height: 230  m nm
Residents : 4,693 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 664 12
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Ivančice - Rapotice
Railway connection: Moravské Bránice – Oslavany
structure
Status: city
Districts: 2
administration
Mayor : Vít Aldorf (as of 2020)
Address: Nám. 13. prosince 2
664 12 Oslavany
Municipality number: 583588
Website : www.oslavany-mesto.cz

Oslavany (German Oslawan ) is a city in the Czech Republic in the Jihomoravský kraj ( South Moravian Region ) in the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land District ).

location

Oslavany is located about 20 km southwest of Brno on the Oslava River , which surrounds the place from the west, north and east and is crossed by two bridges. The mountain Kukla rises above the community with the conveyor system of the coal mine of the same name. Padochov, an old mining community, belongs to Oslavany, a little northeast of the town. A railway line starting in Oslavany connects Oslavany with Ivančice and Brno. Oslavany train station and the town's industrial area are in the southeast, across the river. Oslavany also has a bus station.

history

The Oslavany area has been inhabited since the Stone Age. The village was first mentioned in 1104. Since 1197 it belonged to the Trebitsch monastery and in 1225 it was exchanged for Heilwida von Znaim , who founded the Cistercian monastery “Vallis S. Mariae” (Marienthal) in Oslavany . It was the first women's monastery on Moravian soil, for which the papal legate Konrad issued a document in the same year, in which the monastery property and rights were confirmed. It was inaugurated in 1228 by the Olomouc Bishop Robert in the presence of the Bohemian King Ottokar I Přemysl , who gave the monastery numerous privileges .

The monastery was devastated in the Hussite Wars in 1443. After a fire in 1525 it was abandoned and the nuns moved to the Cistercian convent in Old Brno . Oslavany fell to King Ferdinand I , who subsequently gave it several times as pledge. From 1577 Oslavany was owned by Christoph von Althann . His successor Adolf von Althann had the monastery converted into a Renaissance castle with two arcade wings. The next owner, Wolf Dietrich von Althann, was on the side of the rebels in the Bohemian uprising , which is why he was expropriated by Emperor Ferdinand II . The property went to Wolf Dietrich's Catholic brother Michael Adam von Althann.

By marrying Maria Elisabeth, a daughter of Michael Ferdinand von Althann, the rule came to Franz Ernst von Mollart in 1654 . On October 27, 1712, his son Peter Ernst von Mollart sold the Oslawan rule with the Oslawan castle and market, the villages of Neudorf , Řžežnowicz , Ledkowicz , Niemczicz , Padochau and Weschau as well as farms, sheep farms and the neck court for 130,000 Rhenish guilders Brno Cistercian monastery Maria Saal. After its dissolution in the course of the Josephine reforms in 1782, Oslavany again fell to the royal chamber, which in 1789 gave it to Johannes Nepomuk Freiherr von Scharff as an inheritance.

In 1964 Oslavany was promoted to city.

Economic development

A royal privileged copper mining existed in the area around Oslavany since the 13th century . In 1760 the Oslavaner ruler Riedl discovered hard coal deposits in the area around Oslawan and was awarded a gold medal by Maria Theresa , in her capacity as Queen of Bohemia. Industrialization thus found its way into the commune, which had been dominated by agriculture until then, with faience factories playing an important role in addition to copper and coal mining , in which white ceramics with blue decorations were produced. Johann Baptist Müller , who owned the local coal mines around 1800 , earned services to the economic development of Oslawan . In 1860, 53 miners were killed in a firedamp explosion in the Franziska-Schacht mine; in 1921, another 26 were killed in an accident in the Kukla mine. In 1913, the Oslavany thermal power plant, which was heated with coal from the region, was put into operation. In 1973, with the closure of the Kukla mine, mining stopped; the power plant was shut down twenty years later.

Community structure

The city of Oslavany consists of the districts Oslavany ( Oslawan ) and Padochov ( Padochau ), which also form cadastral districts. The basic settlement units are Havírna ( Werkhof ), Hybešova, Oslavany-střed, Padochov, Průmyslový obvod, Stará hora and Zaraženský dvůr.

Attractions

  • Oslavany Castle, especially with the castle chapel, has the structure of the medieval monastery complex, but has been shaped by the Renaissance style due to the renovation in the 16th century. The von Gomperz family had owned the castle since 1885 . Temporarily lived and worked there as a guest of the family of the poet Ferdinand von Saar . In 1939 it was confiscated by the Germans and converted into barracks. In 1945 the Gomperz family was expropriated and the castle fell to the Czechoslovak state. Subsequently it was mainly used as a warehouse. In 1993 the castle became municipal property; Restoration work is underway. Arcades decorate the inner courtyard of the two-storey complex. The castle chapel is used for concerts, the castle itself is only open to the public on a few days.
  • The parish church of St. Nicholas ( Kostel Sv. Mikulaše ) was first mentioned in 1320 and was later rebuilt in the Renaissance and then in the Baroque style. It contains a Gothic statue of St. Mary with Child and a golden statue of the Virgin Mary from 1707.
  • Ecce Homo statue from 1705 in front of the parish church.
  • Statues of Saints Johannes Sarkander from 1746 and Johann von Nepomuk from 1717 on the bridge in front of the town hall.
  • Statues of Our Lady of Sorrows and Jesus with the crown of thorns in the cemetery.
  • Monuments to the two mining accidents, also in the cemetery
  • Nepomuk statue in Padochov.
  • Erbstollen ( Dědičná štola ) in Zaklášteří

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Oslavany  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obec Oslavany: podrobné informace , uir.cz
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Johann Christian von Hellbach: Adels-Lexikon: or manual about the historical, genealogical and diplomatic, partly also heraldic news from the high and low nobility, especially in the German federal states, as well as from the Austrian, Bohemian, Moravian, Prussian, Silesian and Lusatian nobility. L to Z . Voigt, January 1, 1826 ( google.com [accessed September 14, 2015]).
  4. ↑ Části obcí , uir.cz
  5. ↑ Katastrální území , uir.cz
  6. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky , uir.cz