Žatčany
| Žatčany | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Brno-venkov | ||||
| Area : | 968 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 5 ' N , 16 ° 44' E | ||||
| Height: | 192 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 898 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 664 53 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Židlochovice - Újezd u Brna | ||||
| Next international airport : | Brno-Tuřany | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | František Poláček (as of 2017) | ||||
| Address: | Žatčany 125 664 53 Újezd u Brna |
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| Municipality number: | 584240 | ||||
| Website : | www.obeczatcany.cz | ||||
Žatčany (German Satschans , formerly Satczan ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 15 kilometers southeast of the city center of Brno and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov .
geography
Žatčany is located at the foot of the foothills of the Steinitz Forest in the Thaya-Schwarza valley . The village is located on the left bank of the Litava , also called Cezava , above the confluence of the Hranečnický potok. The Vinohrádky (218 m) rises to the south. The fountains of bitter water Šaratica lie to the southeast .
Neighboring towns are Sokolnice in the north, Újezd u Brna and Šternov in the Northeast, Třebomyslice and Otnice the east, Šaratský Dvůr, Bošovice , Šinkovický Dvůr and Nesvačilka the southeast, Rozářín, Moutnice and Jalovisko in the south, Albrechtov and Blučina in the southwest, Měnín and Rajhradice in West and Otmarov , Vladimírov and Telnice in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of the village Satcane was made in 1131 in a document from Bishop Heinrich Zdik as the owner of the church in Brno . In the middle of the 13th century Satcane was an important village and belonged to the possessions of the Olomouc bishopric . The place had the privilege of hosting a game market. After the market rights had been temporarily transferred to Měnín , King Wenceslas I ordered it to be held again in the traditional location in Satcane in 1248.
Since 1247 the Church of St. Martin and a plebany in Satcane demonstrably. In 1348 Margrave Jobst of Moravia attached the village to the Spielberg domain . To the north and west of the village there was an extensive Satczan pond from the second half of the 15th century. In 1560 Satcane was sold to the estates of the Margraviate of Moravia. In the following year Hans Haugwitz von Biskupitz bought the village including the ponds Žatčanský, Nesvačil, Hranečník, Jezírko and Nadymač. The Olomouc bishop Jan Grodecký von Brod bought the village back in 1573 and added it to the Chrlice estate.
Only 28 people survived the outbreak of the plague in 1616 in Žatčany. At this time the gentlemen from Mensdorf are waiting for the owners of Žatčany. The church was dedicated to St. Trinity consecrated. After the parish was extinguished, due to the decimation of the population by the plague epidemic, Satschans was parish off to Újezd u Brna in 1634 . When house numbers were introduced in Žatčany in 1771, 29 houses were registered.
In 1785 the manorial farm was parceled out and the Olomouc district chief Count Dubský had the settlement of Třebomyslice built to the east of Žatčany . The new settlement was named after Třebomyslice near Horažďovice , where the founders of the village came from. Most of the new settlers were Germans from the areas of Trübau , Leitomischl and Grulich . In 1790 Třebomyslice consisted of 40 houses and had 162 inhabitants.
In 1794 the municipality bought the town hall from the Chrlice manor. Before the Battle of Austerlitz , the area was ravaged by the French in 1805 and the population tormented. After the defeat, on the afternoon of December 2, 1805, the troops of the allies fled across the dam of the Satczaner pond. A large number of the refugees were driven into the pond by the French who were advancing. Between December 6 and 12, 1805, the Satczaner pond was drained on the orders of Napoleon and more than 200 dead horses and several wagons were recovered. With the exception of three Russian soldiers, the bodies of the drowned people were left in the pond. In 1809 the French invaded again.
School lessons began in 1815 in a chaluppe at the cemetery. In the cholera epidemic of 1831, 81 people died in Žatčany. In 1834 the Satczan pond was drained after the fish were difficult to sell because of the human remains in the pond. The pond area was leased to J. Rainer from Tuřany as arable land. In 1840 he had the mill on the dam turned into an agricultural estate and built a chicory dehydrator hut opposite for his chicory coffee mill in Tuřany. In a great fire in 1844 36 houses and three barns from Žatčany burned down in Třebomyslice.
After the abolition of patrimonial Začany and Třebomyslice formed two independent communities in the district authority Auspitz from 1850 . In 1859 a new school building was inaugurated in Začany. In 1864 the diocese of Brno acquired the property. In 1869 Začany had 452 inhabitants.
During a flood of the Litava on February 25, 1871, the old pond dam broke, and two people drowned in Začany. In 1881 there were 462 people in Začany. The road from Začany to Třebomyslice was built in 1887, five years later the road from Začany to Újezd followed. In 1890 Rainer sold the mill on the dam to the diocese. Due to the increase in the number of pupils, a new school building was built for a two-class school. This was inaugurated in 1893 and visited by the children from Začany and Třebomyslice. The Zichoriendörrhütte ceased operations in 1895. In 1902 a joint volunteer fire brigade was founded for Začany and Třebomyslice. In 1907 the road from Začany to Nesvačilka was built.
At the census of 1910 Začany had 519 inhabitants, in Třebomyslice there were 383. In 1911 the association Jednoty pro zařízení samostatné duchovní správy při filiálním chrámu Páně v Žatčanech was founded , the aim of which was the re-establishment of the parish in the 16th year of Pest .
In 1921, 472 people lived in Třebomyslice and 465 in Začany. In 1925, the place name Začany was changed to Žatčany . In 1928 the Litava near Žatčany was regulated and straightened. In 1930 the parish in Žatčany was renewed.
During the German occupation, five German families from Bessarabia were settled in Třebomyslice and Začany . The 20 Bessarabian Germans fled on April 15, 1945 after the first Russian bombing raid on the village. On April 23, 1945, during the Bratislava-Brno operation , the villages got caught up in the fighting between the Red Army and the Wehrmacht, in which 22 Red Army soldiers and one resident died. Three houses were destroyed and three barns burned down. Other buildings, including the school and church, were damaged. On the night of April 24, 1945, the Wehrmacht blew up all three bridges over the Litava before retreating.
After the end of the Second World War, 143 Czech residents moved to the areas of Znojmo and Šumperk after the Sudeten Germans were expelled . This involved 38 families, most of which were poor, who received houses and land in the border areas with government support on favorable terms.
On December 31, 1948 Třebomyslice was merged with Začany to one municipality. At the same time, the community was assigned to the new Okres Slavkov. Since its abolition in 1961, Žatčany belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov. In 1963 a new bridge was built over the Litava; it replaced a wooden temporary structure built after the end of the war in 1945. In the same year, the Hranečnický potok was also regulated. The community has had a coat of arms and a banner since 1998.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Žatčany. The locations Třebomyslice ( Trebomislitz ), Kout, Velká Niva, Malé Zahrady and Papírny belong to Žatčany.
Attractions
- Church of St. Trinity. The church tower that used to be dedicated to St. Martin consecrated church was raised around 1600 and provided with four bells. After the plague epidemic of 1616, the church was dedicated to St. Trinity consecrated. In 1700 a baroque reconstruction of the church began.
- Baroque cemetery chapel of St. Maria Magdalena, built between 1616 and 1618
- Natural monument Písky, northwest of the village, the former floating sand dump on the terrain of the former Satczan pond is characterized by its sandy vegetation and fauna
- Former mill on the old pond dam