Odrovice

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Odrovice
Odrovice coat of arms
Odrovice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Area : 479 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 0 ′  N , 16 ° 30 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 30 ″  N , 16 ° 29 ′ 47 ″  E
Height: 186  m nm
Residents : 226 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 664 64 - 664 65
License plate : B.
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Dáša Koudelová (as of 2007)
Address: Odrovice 42
664 64 Dolní Kounice
Municipality number: 583529
Website : mesta.obce.cz/odrovice

Odrovice (German Odrowitz ) is a municipality in Jihomoravský kraj ( South Moravia region ), Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ) in the Czech Republic . The place is a row village created.

geography

The neighboring towns are Malešovice ( Malspitz ) in the north, Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) in the south, Loděnice ( Lodenitz ) in the west and Smolín ( Mohleis ) in the east .

history

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The place was first mentioned in a document when the Bruck Monastery was founded in 1190. As a result of the plague the place became deserted in 1521. Odrowitz belonged to the Premonstratensian Monastery of Klosterbruck until 1540 and was parish after Malspitz. In 1578 Ordrowitz belonged to Gut Wostitz. After the repression of the class uprising in Bohemia , the property of the rebellious nobles was confiscated and sold. Odrowitz was acquired by Cardinal Franz von Dietrichstein in 1622 . During this time, viticulture was an important source of income in the area. From the end of the 18th century until 1848 there was a parceled estate of the lordship in Dorf. In 1822 a major fire destroyed the entire place. By opening a school, von Odrowitz's children were able to go to school in their own town from 1878. They had previously attended school in Malspitz. In 1910 a local library was set up. There was also a milk collection point in the village. Most of the residents of Odrowitz lived from agriculture. In addition to various types of grain, rape, maize, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit and vegetables were also planted. Registries have been kept since 1634. Online search via the Brno State Archives.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories against the will of the people of Czechoslovakia. The south Moravian town of Odrowitz, of which 99.7% of the inhabitants were German Moravians in 1910 , also fell to the new state. The filling of civil servants and settlers resulted in an influx of people of Czech nationality in the interwar period . These measures intensified tensions between the German and Czech populations. When the autonomy demanded by the Sudeten Germans was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which was regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus, on October 1st, 1938, Odrowitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau , as Lower Austria was then called. - The place was electrified in 1921.

After the end of the Second World War on May 8, 1945, which claimed 10 war victims, the community returned to Czechoslovakia. The onset of post-war excesses resulted in 15 civilian deaths. The Beneš decree 115/46 (Law on Exemption from Punishment) protected against legal processing of the events. Other German citizens fled or were wildly driven across the border into Austria . In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). The ongoing, collective expulsion of the German population was not mentioned, but an “orderly and humane transfer” of the “parts of the German population” who “remained in Czechoslovakia” was explicitly required. Between March 29 and October 3, 1946, 76 German citizens of Odrowitz were forcibly resettled to Germany . According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, at no time were these transports carried out in the approved "orderly and humane" manner. One family stayed in the place. The assets of the German residents were confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the local Catholic church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Protocol, the Red Army demanded the deportation of all Sudeten Germans from Austria to Germany. Of the Odrowitzers, 10 families were still able to stay in Austria, while the other local residents were transferred to Germany. One person each emigrated to South America, the USA and Australia. The place was repopulated again.

In 1976, the neighboring municipality of Malešovice ( Malspitz ) was incorporated into Odrovice.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest seal of the place was from the year 1618. It showed a split shield, the front half of which showed a plow iron over a plow knife and an ear, while the back half contained a vine knife and a grape.

Another seal was created in 1695. It shows the inscription "SIGILL VM * DER * GEMEIN * IN * ORWITZ" in a wreath of leaves. Inside is an undivided baroque shield with a plow iron, side by side with a vine knife and a bunch of grapes.

Population development

census Houses Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1793 50 248
1836 52 293
1869 54 277
1880 55 324 301 23 0
1890 56 305 285 20th 0
1900 58 310 292 17th 1
1910 60 326 325 1 0
1921 59 311 276 28 7th
1930 62 271 254 16 1
1939 261

Attractions

  • Filial church of the Blessed Virgin Mary from 1900 with cemetery,
  • Plague column (1521), renovated in 1923
  • Marterl from the Thirty Years War and three field crosses

Literature and Sources

  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, Pohrlitz Publishers' Association, Odrowitz p. 113
  • Johann Moder: Chronicle Odrowitz , 1953
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
  • Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Odrowitz: p.29; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Odrowitz, p.176f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 242 (Odrowitz).
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Odrowitz, p.156, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006
  • Archives Mikulov, Odsun Němcå - transport odeslaný dne 20.kvĕtna, 1946

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
  3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3-406-45954-4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  6. ^ Franz Josef Schwoy : Topographie vom Markgrafthum Moravia, Volume 2 , 1792, p. 278
  7. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  8. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  9. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  10. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, p. 216
  11. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  12. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  13. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  14. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 242 (Odrowitz).
  15. ^ Johann Moder: Chronik Odrowitz , 1953