Němčičky u Brna

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Němčičky
Coat of arms of Němčičky
Němčičky u Brna (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Area : 457 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 3 ′  N , 16 ° 30 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 3 ′ 1 ″  N , 16 ° 30 ′ 2 ″  E
Height: 190  m nm
Residents : 315 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 664 66
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Pravlov - Medlov
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Jan Jelínek (as of 2009)
Address: Němčičky 39
664 66 Němčičky u Židlochovic
Municipality number: 583472
Website : www.nemcickyubrna.cz

Němčičky (German Klein Niemtschitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located in South Moravia in the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ), 20 km south of Brno .

geography

The street village with a triangular ranger is on the left of the Jihlava at, 220 m above sea level. d. M.

Neighboring towns are Mělčany ( Mieltschan ) in the north, Bratčice ( Bratschitz ) and Sobotovice ( Sobotowitz ) in the northeast, Ledce ( Laatz ) in the east, Medlov ( Mödlau ) in the southeast, Malešovice ( Malspitz ) in the south, Kupařovice ( Kuprowitz ) in the southwest, Trboušany ( Pausche ) in the west and Pravlov ( Prahlitz ) in the northwest.

history

The layout of the place and the “ui” dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) with their special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they were especially in the 12/13. Century took place. The place was mentioned for the first time in 1349 and again in 1416 in a Latin document as "Nyemczycz, Prope Pogorzelicz" and in a Brno document "Nyempcziczka" on July 11, 1441. The spelling “Nembschitz” or “Nempcziss” has appeared since 1500, as was the case in the 1771 mountain book. From 1417 to 1848 the village belonged to the Kanitz rule. From 1562 to 1622, Klein Niemschitz was one of the centers of the South Moravian Anabaptist movement . Its bishop, master rope maker Leonhard Lanzenstiel, lived in the village until 1565.

In the Thirty Years' War the population suffered a lot, only 24 houses remained cultivated. In 1622 the Anabaptists ( Hutterites ) were expelled from the country and moved on to Transylvania . The place has had registers since 1634 . Online search via the Brno State Archives. In 1884 a one-class school was built in the village. Around 1900 a water cooperative was founded to build a dam to protect the fields from annual flooding. The inhabitants of Klein-Niemtschitz mostly lived from agriculture. All types of grain, sugar beet, vegetables and fruit are grown. Blacksmith, locksmith and carpenter can be found as craftsmen. There is also a distillery which has the largest water wheel in Moravia.

After the First World War, the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated . In 1910, 96% of the inhabitants of Klein-Niemtschitz were German South Moravians . The peace treaty of Saint Germain declared the place part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period there was an increased influx of people of Czech nationality. The place was electrified in 1930. After the Munich Agreement of 1938, in which the Sudeten German territories were ceded to Germany, German troops moved into the place in October, which until 1945 belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau . A kindergarten was opened in 1940.

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 20 victims among the inhabitants, the community came back to Czechoslovakia. Five civilians were killed in the post-war excesses by militant Czechs. The Beneš decree 115/1946 protected against a legal review of the events. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a concrete position on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population in the Potsdam Protocol Article XIII on August 2, 1945 , despite the intervention of the Western powers . However, they explicitly called for an orderly and humane transfer of the parts of the German population who remained in Czechoslovakia . Between March and September 1946, 203 German-Moravian local residents were forcibly resettled in six transports to Germany . Four families stayed in the village. According to the Beneš Decree 108, the property of the German residents was confiscated and placed under state administration. The place was repopulated. Four families found a new home in Austria, one in the USA and the remaining Klein-Niemschitzer in Germany.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest surviving seal is a document dated April 21, 1509. It shows a round shield with two diagonally crossed vine branches, each with a grape and a winegrower's knife above the vines. In the 18th century this seal was simplified and showed a sign with a plow in the inscription "GEMEINDE KLEIN NEMTSCHITZ". From 1848 the place only used a non-image municipal temple.

Population development

census Houses Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs other
1793 40 246
1836 47 255
1869 57 306
1880 59 318 298 20th 0
1890 63 341 323 18th 0
1900 67 312 289 23 0
1910 71 315 301 14th 0
1921 69 321 276 39 6th
1930 73 333 280 51 2
1939 359
Source: 1793, 1836, 1850 from: South Moravia from A – Z, Frodl, Blaschka
Other: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984

Attractions

In 1903, a Marienkapelle with an altar made in Tyrol was built and consecrated in 1904.

literature

  • Anton Schwetter, Siegfried Kern: Outline of the History of Moravia, 1884
  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the Nikolsburg school district, 1935, approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Klein-Niemtschitz p. 120
  • Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941
  • Mikulov Archives: Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna, 1946
  • Karl Wittek: The Anabaptists in South Moravia
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia, 1990
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, 2006

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  3. ↑ Bernd Längin: Die Hutter , 1986, p. 237
  4. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 21, 2011.
  5. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919–1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  6. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918–1938 , Munich 1967
  7. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216
  8. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  9. ↑ Mikulov Archives: Odsun Němcå - transport odeslaný dne 20. kvĕtna, 1946
  10. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46, diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  11. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Vol. VIII, p.2