Pravlov

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Pravlov
Pravlov coat of arms
Pravlov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Area : 291 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 3 '  N , 16 ° 29'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 3 '17 "  N , 16 ° 29' 4"  E
Height: 190  m nm
Residents : 604 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 664 64
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Dolní Kounice - Pohořelice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Zdeněk Kail (as of 2009)
Address: Pravlov 30
664 64 Dolní Kounice
Municipality number: 583693
Website : www.pravlov.cz

Pravlov (German Prahlitz , older also Preles ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 15 kilometers southwest of Brno and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ). The place is laid out as a square village.

geography

Pravlov is located on both sides of the Jihlava ( hedgehog ) in the Thaya-Schwarza Depression . The village lies partly in the area of ​​the Niva Jihlavy Nature Park.

The neighboring towns are in the north Dolní Kounice ( Kanitz ) and Mělčany ( Mieltschan ), in the west Trboušany ( Pausche ), in the south Kupařovice ( Kuprowitz ), southeast Němčičky ( Klein Niemtschitz ) and in the east Ledce ( Laatz ) and Sobotovice ( Sobotowitz ) and in the Northeast Bratčice ( Bratschitz ).

history

The Jihomoravský kraj (German South Moravian Region ) was settled by German colonists from Lower Austria until 1150. The layout of the village and the "ui" dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

Prahlitz is mentioned for the first time in 1222 in a royal document by Ottokar I. Previous document references from the year 1045 turned out to be forgeries. In the 13th century the place grew into a trading center with a lordly castle. In 1276 Prahlitz was big enough to be a parish seat. On October 4, 1486, King Matthias Corvinus gave Prahlitz a mining law, market rights and eleven years later the jurisdiction over the neck. In 1537 Prahlitz came under the rule of the Rosa Coeli monastery . A Jewish community developed in the village during these years. In the following years there were several changes of ownership.

After the victory of the imperial troops in the battle of the White Mountain over the insurgent Bohemian estates at the beginning of the Thirty Years War , Prahlitz came under the rule of Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein in 1623 . During the war itself, the place was devastated and looted several times. Registries have been kept since 1634. In 1652 a wooden bridge was built over the Igel River and a toll station was set up. A single-class school in Prahlitz has been recorded since 1671. All rights of the place were in 1740 by Emperor Charles VI. approved. Due to the increasing number of children, a two-class school was built in 1820, which was expanded to three classes in 1870. During the German-Austrian War in 1866, Prussian troops march through the town. Among the troops was the young lieutenant Paul von Hindenburg , who asked for directions to Nikolsburg. During excavations during this period, an oven from the Celtic era was found, which suggests that Prahlitz was settled early on. The water supply of the place was secured by five public wells. In 1904 a volunteer fire brigade was established. A large part of the population lived from agriculture, with viticulture, which has been cultivated for centuries in South Moravia, occupying a special position. Due to the phylloxera plague around 1900, however, almost all of the vines were destroyed, which meant that the area under cultivation decreased continuously over the next 40 years, so that the amount of wine produced only covered the village's own needs. Due to the favorable climate, sugar beets, corn, asparagus, cucumbers, vegetables and various types of fruit could be grown in addition to various types of grain. In particular, large quantities of plums were grown, which were bought and valued in Vienna as "Prahlitzer". In addition to the usual small businesses, there was also a brickworks, grain and coal trade.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated and one of the newly created states was Czechoslovakia . In spite of Woodrow Wilson's proclaimed right of peoples to self-determination, this new state also laid claim to the German-settled parts of the lands of the Bohemian Crown and created a fait accompli when Czech troops occupied South Moravia in November / December 1918. The Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919 declared the place, whose population in 1910 belonged to 98.7% of the German language group, to be part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . State measures followed, such as the land reform and the language ordinance, which resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. In 1919 the wooden bridge over the Igel was torn away by a flood. Instead, a steel bridge was built in 1922. The place was electrified in 1935. However, when the autonomy required by the German-speaking people was not negotiated, tensions between the German and Czech population intensified. With the threat of armed conflict, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which were regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Prahlitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .

During the Second World War the place suffered 36 victims. After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Prahlitz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . After the war ended, the place was taken over by militant Czechs. In August 1945 ten German-Moravian families were “wildly” driven across the border to Austria , while others fled from the excesses. When attempting a post-war order, the victorious powers of the Second World War did not take a specific position on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". The "official" forced resettlement of 380 German citizens to Germany took place between spring and October 1946. The post-war excesses and the expulsion resulted in ten civilian deaths. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Benes Decree 115/46 ( impunity law ) explains actions to October 28, 1945 in the struggle for the recovery of freedom ... or had a fair retaliation for acts of occupation forces and their accomplices goal ... 'for not illegally . 58 people remained in the place. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

In accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Agreement, all Sudeten Germans were transferred from Austria to Germany. Three families were still able to stay in Austria.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest community seal of the place dates from 1486. ​​It shows a split renaissance shield in which a plow iron and a winegrower's knife stand next to each other. Around the shield there is a scroll with the words "sigi * 11 * vm civivm de praliz".

In 1648 the seal changed. It now showed a grape instead of the winemaker's knife. In the 18th century the sign again showed the winemaker's knife, but the plow was replaced by a malting knife. From 1848 the place only had a non-image parish temple, which was bilingual from 1920.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 670 669 1 0
1890 590 582 8th 0
1900 623 623 0 0
1910 646 638 8th 0
1921 582 536 24 21st
1930 590 540 43 7th

Attractions

The parish church
  • Parish Church of the Visitation of Mary (1300) built in Gothic style with a fortified tower and redesigned in 1758
  • Rectory (15th century) built in the Renaissance style and renovated in 1761
  • Cemetery Cross (1819)
  • Statue of St. Nepomuk (1733)
  • Court Marterl (1497)
  • Marterl (1576)
  • War memorial (1921)
  • Jahn Memorial (1928)

regional customs

The annual markets always took place on the Monday before Pentecost, before Laurentius (August 10th) and after Martini (November 1st).

Personalities

  • Rudolf Puttner (* 1933), winner of the Josef Löhner Prize

Sources and literature

  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Local history reading book of the school district Nikolsburg, 1935, approved teaching aid, teachers' association Pohrlitz Verlag, Prahlitz s. 119
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . Munich, Verl. Heimatwerk, 1969
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. , Prahlitz: s. 31; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. , Prahlitz, s. 191f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 256 (Prahlitz).
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from A to Z , Prahlitz, p.174f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ http://biblio.unibe.ch/adam/zoom/zoom.php?col=ryh&pic=Ryh_4407_5
  3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  6. ^ Moravian local history Pohrlitz district , Brno 1910, p. 17
  7. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved April 9, 2011.
  8. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: I dream of a vine , Chapter 7, p. 261
  9. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  10. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  11. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  12. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
  13. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216
  14. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, p. 244, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  15. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995
  16. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 256 (Prahlitz).
  17. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris regni Bohemiae Volume I, p.370
  18. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
  19. ^ Johann Zabel: Kirchlicher Handweiser for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Prahlitz p. 45