Dolní Kounice
| Dolní Kounice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Brno-venkov | ||||
| Area : | 897 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 4 ' N , 16 ° 28' E | ||||
| Height: | 195 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 2,453 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 664 64 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Ivančice - Pohořelice | ||||
| Next international airport : | Brno-Turany Airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Radka Formánková (as of 2016) | ||||
| Address: | Masarykovo nám. 2 664 64 Dolní Kounice |
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| Municipality number: | 582956 | ||||
| Website : | www.dolnikounice.cz | ||||
Dolní Kounice (German Kanitz ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located 18 kilometers southwest of the city center of Brno and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov .
geography
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Dolní Kounice is located in the Jihlava valley at the transition from Bobravská vrchovina to the Thaya-Schwarza valley basin . In the north rises the Vrch svatého Antonína ( Antoniberg , 260 m) and west of the Šibeniční vrch ( Galgenberg , 296 m).
Neighboring towns are Silůvky in the north, Mělčany in the northeast, Bratčice in the east, Pravlov in the southeast, Trboušany in the south, Stavení in the southwest, Nové Bránice in the west and Moravské Bránice and Hlína in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of the place took place in a document dated to 1046 of the Stará Boleslav chapter , which turned out to be a forgery from the 13th century. At the end of the 12th century the village belonged to the von Kaunitz family . The first reliable mention of Dolní Kounice comes from 1183, when Wilhelm von Kaunitz, also called Wilhelm von Pulin, had the Premonstratensian monastery of Sancta Mariae built east of the village. The monastery was later named Rosa Coeli. On December 10, 1185, the Battle of Loděnice took place six kilometers south , in which Wilhelm von Kaunitz on the side of Margrave Konrad III. Otto suffered a defeat against the troops of the Bohemian Duke Přemysl . On June 2, 1268, Pope Clement IV took over the patronage of the Rosa Coeli monastery. In 1278 troops of the German King Rudolf I invaded Dolní Kounice. King Wenceslas II placed the monastery under his patronage on April 8, 1284. At the same time he gave Dolní Kounice the privilege of running a weekly market and elevated the town to a town. The construction of a protective castle, which was completed in 1330, then began on the hill above the monastery. Between 1340 and 1360 an Ausspannhof was built, which was later called Karlov after a visit by Charles IV . In 1423 the Hussites burned the monastery down. It never recovered from it and died entirely a hundred years later. The later Emperor Ferdinand I , who was crowned King of Bohemia in 1527 , added the goods of the monastery, which had died out in 1527, to the crown estates. In 1532 he pledged the Dolní Kounice estate to his vice-chancellor Jiří Žabka von Limberg, who was entered in the land register on October 9, 1537 as the hereditary owner . Ferdinand I granted Dolní Kounice the privilege of sealing with red wax in 1535, the so-called freedom from red wax . Žabka had the town expanded in 1549 and laid the suburb Nové město Jiříkov on the way to Pravlov . His son Burian Žabka sold the Dolni Kounice castle with the desert monastery and most of the rule to Zikmund von Zástřizl in 1561 . At this time, the Boleslav Brothers' unity became very popular. They built a meeting room in 1574, which was later extended to the church. In 1571 Dolni Kounice was confirmed by the emperor to have a coat of arms. Hynko and Jan von Zástřizl granted Dolni Kounice on October 15, 1576 the privilege of mining rights . Two years later they sold the rule to Zdenko Lev von Rosental . In 1582, the small town on the opposite bank of the river acquired the place Za vodou from the later mayor Jan Tišnovský von Czynenperk in order to create a cemetery. Maximilian and Zdenko Lev von Rosental sold the Dolní Kounice estate in 1588 to Bernhard Drnovský from Drnovice on Rájec . In 1604 he had a town hall built in the Renaissance style. In 1607 there was a stronger earthquake in Dolní Kounice. After the rebellion of the Moravian estates was put down, the Dolní Kounice estate belonging to Georg Ehrenreich von Roggendorf and his wife Johanna von Drnovice was confiscated in 1622 and sold to Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein . Cardinal Dietrichstein moved in the house of Jarolím Plucar the following year and had a Catholic rectory built in its place. The town became deserted during the Thirty Years' War. In 1654 the chapel of St. Anthony of Padua and Florian. In 1674 81 houses were still lying desolate. When the plague broke out in 1678, 220 Christian residents and numerous Jews died. In 1697 the parish school was repaired. Ferdinand Dietrichstein sold on September 30, 1698 the former monastery Rosa Coeli to the Strahov Monastery . Until 1718 the Strahov Premonstratensians carried out restoration work on the monastery. A major fire destroyed parts of the town and the manorial sheep farm on July 4th, 1703. The monastery being rebuilt also burned down. In 1717 Walter Xaver von Dietrichstein sold the inn he had acquired in 1711 to the town. In 1741 the place was ravaged by Saxon and Prussian troops. On February 16, 1770 a large fire destroyed eight houses and the manorial sheep farm. In 1776 the town was hit by floods on February 4th and 50 houses were flooded. Between January 1 and January 9, 1799, 15,000 movedCossacks through Dolní Kounice. In the same year, on April 30, almost the entire Jewish quarter burned down. 100 houses were destroyed there, as well as 38 Christian houses. On November 19, 1805, the French passed through the village on the way to Austerlitz . After a revival of the monastery failed, the Dietrichsteiners bought the monastery back in 1808. In the same year a blueprint workshop was set up , from which the Mossig company later emerged. On July 3, 1809, the French marched through the village again. The manorial brewery stopped production in 1848.
After the abolition of patrimonial rule, the market town of Kanitz / Dolní Kounice and the Jewish community formed two independent communities in the Brno District Commission from 1850 . At that time the Jewish community consisted of 104 houses and reached the highest population in its history with 649 inhabitants. The new Jewish school was inaugurated in 1854. On February 2, 1862, Dolní Kounice was hit again by a strong flood that devastated 180 houses. The old town hall was demolished in 1870 and the new parish church consecrated in its place in 1879. In 1883 the cast iron bridge to Závodí was built. In 1880, 2,802 people lived in Kanitz, 574 of them were Germans. In 1887 a local social democratic group was established. The Jewish community was united with the market community in the same year. In 1902 the road to Mělčany was built . On September 16, 1903, a joint German-Jewish school with an attached kindergarten opened in Dolní Kounice. In 1906 the Czech kindergarten was inaugurated. A German school had existed in Kanitz since 1907. On June 1, 1988 Dolní Kounice was raised to the city.
City structure
No districts are shown for the city of Dolní Kounice. Dolní Kounice is divided into Závodí, located on the left of the Jihlava, and the city center, known as Město, on the opposite side of the river.
Town twinning
- Azay-le-Brûlé , France
- Caprese Michelangelo , Italy
Attractions
- Parish Church of St. Peter and Paul, neo-renaissance building from the years 1877–1879, it was built on the site of the former town hall
- Church of St. Fabian Sebastian and St. Barbara, the former Protestant church building arose from a meeting room laid out in 1574 by the Boleslav Brothers and received its present form in 1688 when the church of the Congregation of St. Barbara. It is used today by the Orthodox community.
- Pilgrimage chapel of St. Antonius, built in 1757 by Franz Anton Grimm instead of one built in 1654 and dedicated to St. Antony of Padua and Florian, the predecessor building, a way of the cross with 14 stations leads to the chapel north of the city on the Antoniberg
- Chapel of John the Baptist in Závodí, the late Gothic building was surrounded by a cemetery until 1947.
- Dolní Kounice Castle, the former Gothic castle, was built over the monastery in the 1320s to defend it. After the fall of the monastery, Jiří Žabka von Limberg bought the castle in 1537 and had it converted into a Renaissance chateau until 1552
- Ruin of the Rosa Coeli monastery
- Jewish Quarter, on the western outskirts
- Jewish cemetery , laid out in 1680 on the southwestern outskirts, was used until 1940. On it are tombstones of the Kreisky families, relatives of the former Austrian Chancellor and Samek, relatives of the Austro-British comedian and actor Victor Oliver von Samek .
- Synagogue , built in 1652. After the Second World War, the synagogue was used as a vegetable store. A reconstruction took place between 1991 and 2004. Since then, the building has served as a cultural center.
- Prayer pillar
- Two baroque statues of St. John of Nepomuk, on the market and in front of the Church of St. Peter and Paul
- Rectory, Baroque building from the 18th century
- Town houses in the baroque and renaissance style
