Šumice

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Šumice
Šumice coat of arms
Šumice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihomoravský kraj
District : Brno-venkov
Area : 863 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 0 '  N , 16 ° 26'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 59 '32 "  N , 16 ° 26' 15"  E
Height: 207  m nm
Residents : 270 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 671 75
License plate : B.
traffic
Street: Olbramovice - Malešovice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 1
administration
Mayor : Stanislav Řezáč (as of 2008)
Address: Šumice 11
671 75 Šumice
Municipality number: 594903
Website : www.obecni-urad.net/source/index.php?ID=7537

Šumice (German Schömitz ) is a municipality in South Moravia in the Czech Republic . It is located 14 kilometers southeast of Moravský Krumlov ( Moravian Kromau ) and belongs to the Okres Brno-venkov ( Brno-Land district ).

geography

The broad-street village Šumice is located in the valley basin of the Šumický potok, a tributary of the Jihlava ( hedgehog ) in South Moravia. The Šumický vrch ( Schömitzer Höhe , 234 m) rises to the east of the village . In the southeast is the nature reserve around the pond Šumický rybník .

The neighboring towns are Loděnice ( Lodenitz ) and Odrovice ( Odrowitz ) in the northeast, Cvrčovice ( Urspitz ) and Pohořelice ( Pohrlitz ) to the east, Velký Dvůr in the southeast, Vinohrádky and Branišovice ( Frainspitz ) in the south and Olbramovice ( Wolframitz ) and Kubšice in the West.

history

Main street of Schömitz

In the 11th to 13th centuries there was a great movement of settlements from west to east. Moravia was ruled by the Přemyslid dynasty from 1031 to 1305 . In order to use larger areas for agriculture and thus achieve higher yields, the colonists advertised them, for example, with ten years of tax exemption (German settler law). By 1150, the area around Mikulov (Nikolsburg) and Znojmo (Znaim) was settled by German immigrants from Lower Austria . The layout of the village and the ui dialect show that they originally came from the Bavarian areas of the dioceses of Regensburg and Passau. They brought new agricultural equipment with them and introduced the high-yield three-field economy .

The first written mention of the Šumice manor took place in 1365. Over the centuries the spelling of the place changed several times. So one wrote “Schempnicz” (1442), “Semnytz” (1676) and “Schemnitz” (18th century). Most of the village belonged to the Rosa Coeli monastery , a smaller part was split between different lords. In 1443 the monastic share was transferred to the Louka monastery .

From 1531 Zikmund Válecký von Mírov auf Wolframitz became the owner of Šumice and joined the village to the Wolframitz rule. After the victory of the imperial troops in the battle of the White Mountain , the rule was confiscated by the emperor and sold together with Kromau in 1622 to Gundaker von Liechtenstein . During the Thirty Years' War Schömitz suffered severe devastation and looting. The parish registers of the place be performed since the year 1655th

In 1783 284 people lived in the farming village. In 1790, the community opened a school in the village itself. Before that, all of Schömitz's children had been to school in Lodenitz. The Liechtensteiners remained the owners of the place until 1848. After the abolition of patrimonial in 1848, Šumice / Schömitz became a municipality in the Kromau district in 1850 . In 1890 the place had reached its highest population with 553 inhabitants, four fifths of whom were German. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was reclassified to the Nikolsburg district . Most of the population lived from agriculture. Due to the favorable climate, potatoes, maize, vegetables, wine and sugar beets were grown in addition to various types of grain. Sugar beets, which were sold to the nearby sugar factories, were planted on approximately 25% of the total arable land.

After the First World War , which cost 25 local residents their lives, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . The Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919 declared the place, of which 93% of the inhabitants belonged to the Bavarian-Austrian cultural area in 1910, as part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . Between the 1910 and 1930 censuses, the proportion of the Czech population had increased from 6% to 39%. As in Schömitz, this led to tensions within the ethnic groups in the country. When the autonomy demanded by the German Moravians was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . Thus, on October 1, 1938, Schömitz became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau . - The place was electrified in 1922 and a water pipe was built in 1927. In the 1930s, light bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall were built on both sides of the Šumický potok .

When the Russian troops marched into the town in May 1945, two men were shot. After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 24 victims among the residents of Schömitz, the community came back to Czechoslovakia. Militant Czechs and national militias resulted in five civilian deaths both in post-war excesses against the German local population and in their 'wild' expulsion across the border into Austria. A legal processing of the events did not take place. The Beneš Decree 115/1946 ( Law on Exemption from Punishment ) declares actions up to October 28, 1945 in the struggle to regain freedom ..., or which aimed at just retribution for the acts of the occupiers or their accomplices, ... not illegal. The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945 in the Potsdam Protocol , Article XIII, to the wild and collectively concrete running expulsion of the German population not position. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Between March 29 and September 17, 1946, 148 Schömitzers were forced to move to West Germany. According to Francis E. Walter's report to the US House of Representatives, at no time were these transports carried out in a "proper and humane" manner. All private and public property of the German local residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 . The Catholic Church in the communist era expropriated . The Czech Republic has not made amends .

After the end of the war, until its dissolution in 1960, Šumice belonged to Okres Moravský Krumlov ( Moravian-Kromov district ), from 1961 to 2006 to Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo district ) and since January 1, 2007 to Okres Brno-venkov . ( Brno-Land district )

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest known seal dates from the 17th century. It is oval and shows the inscription "SIGIL.DAS.DARF.SEMNYTZ.1676" between an outer leaf wreath and an inner circle line. In the middle of the seal is a plow knife with the tip pointing upwards.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 491 433 54 4th
1890 553 427 117 9
1900 530 467 52 11
1910 531 492 31 8th
1921 520 373 144 3
1930 537 317 210 4th

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Šumice.

Attractions

  • Chapel of St. Anthony, at the Šumický rybník
  • Bell tower on the village square
  • Bunker of the Czechoslovak Wall
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk

literature

  • Oskar Halusa: Schömitz .
  • Wilhelm Szegeda: Heimatkundliches Lesebuch des Schulbezirks Nikolsburg, 1935, approved teaching aid, publisher: Lehrerverein Pohrlitz, Schömitz s. 117
  • Rudolf Mauer: A teacher's memories of his unforgettable place of work Schömitz . 1950
  • Ilse Tielsch -Felzmann: South Moravian Legends . 1969, Munich, Heimatwerk publishing house
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Schömitz: p. 35; C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Schömitz, p. 216, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The circle Mikulov A to Z . Schömitz, p. 184f, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2006
  • Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German Questions. Legal opinion. Langen Müller Verlag, 1992. ISBN 3-7844-2412-0

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  2. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
  3. ↑ Joachim Rogall: Germans and Czechs: History, Culture, Politics Verlag CH Beck, 2003. ISBN 3 406 45954 4 . Preface by Václav Havel. Chapter: The Přemyslids and the German Colonization S33 f.
  4. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
  5. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects . Their use in speech, song and writing. 25,000 dialect words, 620 pages self-published. 1999.
  6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  7. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
  8. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Nikolsburg from AZ, South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige, 2006, Book of the Dead p. 216
  9. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
  10. ↑ Archive Mikulov, Odsun Němců - transport odeslaný dne 20. května, 1946th
  11. ^ Walter, Francis E. (1950): Expellees and Refugees of German ethnic Origin. Report of a Special Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, HR 2nd Session, Report No. 1841, Washington, March 24, 1950.
  12. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
  13. ^ Pohrlitz district, panel III , Brno, 1910, p. 5
  14. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984