Rajhrad
| Rajhrad | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Historical part of the country : | Moravia | ||||
| Region : | Jihomoravský kraj | ||||
| District : | Brno-venkov | ||||
| Area : | 948 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 5 ' N , 16 ° 36' E | ||||
| Height: | 190 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 3,852 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 664 61 | ||||
| License plate : | B. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Modřice - Židlochovice | ||||
| Railway connection: | Břeclav – Brno | ||||
| Next international airport : | Brno-Turany Airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | František Ondráček (as of 2007) | ||||
| Address: | Masarykova 32 664 61 Rajhrad |
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| Municipality number: | 583758 | ||||
| Website : | www.rajhrad.cz | ||||
Rajhrad (German Groß Raigern ) is a town with 3,609 (2016) inhabitants in South Moravia ( Czech Republic ).
location
The city is located on the outskirts of Brno about 12 kilometers south of the Moravian capital on the right bank of the Svratka River at an altitude of 190 meters above sea level. M.
history
Great Moravian Period
There used to be a large Moravian fortress in the city's territory . It was probably founded in the 9th century. The castle wall is said to have been built around 985 and disappeared from the map about a hundred years later after the fall of the empire. This is also indicated by the grave sites discovered. The present Rajhrad came into being after the fall of this settlement.
Foundation phase
In 1031 a Benedictine monastery Rajhrad was built. The first written references to the place itself can be found in two Brenau falsifications from the 13th century. One is a donation contract from Prince Břetislav I from October 18, 1045. In addition to the donation, the right to hold a fair was granted and the right to levy bridge tolls. The founding deed of November 26, 1048 contains donations to the monastery, in which individual places are listed.
13th and 14th centuries
On November 2, 1234, Großraigern was raised to a town by the Brno margrave Přemysl under German law, with the right to hold a seven-day market. In the meantime the place was not only the seat of an abbey, there was also an order of women who ran a hospice. The Čeladice settlement was established nearby, and its inhabitants were tasked with protecting the monastery. In the 14th century, the power of the monastery steadily increased. In 1327, the lords of the church received the right of jurisdiction from King John of Luxembourg , which, in addition to the permission to conduct interrogations even under physical agony, contained the right to the death penalty. In 1330 the city received its first church building. A chapel was built on the site of today's cemetery church. In the second half of the 14th century, the community and the monastery received brewing rights. From the end of the 16th century beer was only brewed in the monastery.
Start of viticulture
The tradition of viticulture goes back to the 16th century. The first evidence of the cultivation of wine can be found in 1554. At that time, the community acquired an inn from the monastery, which they rededicated in the town hall, in which there were wine stores in the cellar vaults. These wine cellars can still be visited today. In 1691 Abbot Placid Novotny began building a monastery wine cellar in today's Štefániková ulice. In 1720 a lower cellar was added and in 1774 it was converted into a baroque press and pleasure house, with an arbor above it. The baroque building fell into disrepair over time. It was demolished in 1934 and renewed in 1960. Another large cellar was built at the beginning of the 19th century. Construction began in 1827 by Josef Klein, a member of the iron and road construction family. In the 1930s, the monastery acquired the wine cellars. There were also other cellars, but they are no longer preserved. The traditional wine brand "Rajhradské klášterní" has been preserved to this day.
17th to 19th century
Abbot Kotelik opened the first school at the beginning of the 17th century. The monastery employed Václav Hanslík as the first teacher from 1623 to 1642. The school remained in the hands of the monastery until 1914. The second half of the 17th century was characterized by brisk construction activity. The monastery was renovated and refurbished, water pipes laid, and a monastery malt house built. On the site of the previous chapel from 1330, the citizens are building a small church with a cemetery. The wine cellars were expanded and fruit trees were exposed. In the 18th century, the monastery was rebuilt, this time in the Baroque style. The main road from Brno to Vienna now also ran through the village, a stone bridge was built over Svratka in 1760, and the construction of the monastery courtyard began a year later. The pillory on the market square was replaced in 1795 by a stone fountain, fed by the water pipe built in the years before, the wooden pipes of which were replaced by steel pipes in 1898.
The fate of the population was often severely tested in the 18th century. Armies passed twice. In 1742 it was the Prussians and in 1789 Russian armies that marched against the French. In addition, there were severe frosts in 1771/1772, which resulted in famine. At the end of the 18th century, 130 families lived in 90 houses, a total of 650 inhabitants.
However, the face of the village and the monastery continued to change. New vineyards were planted, the water channel to the mill was renovated, in 1827 the construction of the new, this time two-class school was added and in 1838/1839 connection to the railway line from Vienna to Brno. After the heavy floods of 1830, the village of Čeladice, east of Rajhrad between two arms of the Svratka river, was abandoned and its inhabitants settled on the road to Brno.
20th century
At the beginning of the 20th century, Müller Tomek founded his electricity company in 1902 and supplied the village with direct current until 1934. After a long break, the power station went back into operation in 1995. Also at the beginning of the century one of the three Moravian orphanages was built. In 1925 the construction of a sports hall began, which also served as a cinema and theater. The amateur theater founded in the village produced some well-known actors, such as Rudolf Chromek, who later appeared in Brno, or Konstantin Mátl, an actor in Olomouc. The expansion of the town continued until before the World War. The railway line will be double-tracked and another bridge over Svratka was built. During the Second World War , some local resisters were executed, while others were imprisoned or tortured to death in concentration camps. On April 25, 1945 the Soviet army liberated Raigern. On October 27, 2000, Rajhrad was promoted to city.
Local division
No districts are shown for the city of Rajhrad. The Čeladice ( Czeladitz ) desert belongs to Rajhrad .
Attractions
- District archive in the monastery building
- Moravia literary monument. The monument is located in the Benedictine monastery and is open to the public. Works and information about Moravian personalities in literary history are exhibited. The library with more than 18,000 books can also be visited. There are a total of 65,000 documents in the library.
- The Abbey Raigern is one of the oldest and most important monasteries in Moravia. The Benedictine abbey from Breunau (Prague) was founded in the middle of the 11th century. In the years 1721 to 1840 the monastery was rebuilt in the Baroque style and expanded to include the Church of St. Peter and Paul based on designs by Johann Blasius Santini-Aichl . The monastery used to be the cultural and educational center of the region with a famous library with more than 60,000 volumes and valuable incunabula as well as valuable frescoes.
- Monastery of the Comforters of the Divine Heart of Jesus ( Kongregace sester Těšitelek Božského Srdce Ježíšova )
sons and daughters of the town
- Matthäus Ferdinand Sobek von Bilenberg (1618–1675), Archbishop of Prague
