Hodonice

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Hodonice (disambiguation) .

Hodonice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	871 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 50 '  N , 16 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 50 '29 "  N , 16 ° 10' 2"  E
Height:	212  m nm
Residents :	1,815 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	671 25
traffic
Street:	Znojmo - Krhovice
Railway connection:	Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou – Znojmo
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	František Houšť (as of 2009)
Address:	Obecní 287 671 25 Hodonice
Municipality number:	594067
Website :	www.hodonice.cz

Parish church

Hodonice (German Hödnitz ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic . The place is at 212 m and is located 8 km east of Znojmo.

geography

Neighboring towns are Tasovice ( Taßwitz ) in the west and Krhovice ( Gurwitz ) in the south. The place is laid out as a square village.

history

The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes, as they did around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The first documentary mention of the place falls on March 13, 1229. The landlord was the provost Wigbert vom Pöltenberg near Znaim . This ownership was confirmed again in 1247 and 1252. In 1299 the Znojmo Clare Monastery also acquired part of the town. As a result, the place was administered from two different agencies. In 1351 the plague raged in the village and claimed half of the population of Hödnitz. Before the end of the 14th century, the Hödnitzer received special rights from the Poor Clare Monastery, which put them on an equal footing with the townspeople of Znojmo. The spelling of the village changed over the centuries. In 1229 “Godonich”, 1299 “Hedenitz”, 1641 “Oednitz”, 1781 “Hednitz” and from 1846 “Hödnitz” were written.

During the Thirty Years War , many residents of the place were Protestants, so that in 1627 there were only 120 Catholics in the place. In 1645 the Swedish general Lennart Torstensson invaded Moravia and also occupied Hödnitz. During the occupation a fire broke out, which caused great damage. The Swedish troops also brought in the plague, which in turn caused a large part of the population to lose their lives. From this time there are many reports that the residents of Hödnitz collected their money in clay jugs and walled them into the walls. These reports were confirmed by later finds in old buildings. In order to support the local economy and to make better use of the local water, a brewery was built in Hödnitz in 1722. In 1782, by decree of Emperor Joseph II, the monasteries were dissolved and Hödnitz changed hands. From 1801 Hödnitz was owned by the Baron von Liebenberg.

During the coalition wars, Hödnitz was occupied twice by the French. During the first occupation in 1805, the place suffered only financial damage, as the French only asked for money from the parish. However, during the second occupation in 1809, there was looting and occasional abuse. This looting hit the place all the harder, since the place had only recovered from a major fire in 1807. In the days of the occupation even Napoleon himself stayed in the village. In 1832 cholera raged in Moravia, claiming 482 lives in the area around Hödnitz. As if by a miracle, the local population was spared. Out of gratitude for this, the Hödnitzer built a Marienkapelle. But cholera returned in 1855 and the cemetery had to be expanded because of the victims. Hödnitz owned a train station on the Brno-Znojmo line as early as 1870, which explains the town's economic boom over the next few years. After almost 150 years, the brewery was closed in 1870. The building itself was converted into an inn. From 1883 there is a volunteer fire brigade in Hödnitz. In 1926 there was a flood of Hödnitz.

After the First World War , which claimed 22 victims among the Hödnitz people, the multi-ethnic state of Austria-Hungary fell apart . The peace treaty of Saint Germain in 1919 declared the place, whose population in 1910 consisted of 98% German South Moravians , as part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . During the interwar period , all civil servant posts were filled by Czechs. The long-established malt production was relocated inland, which led to unemployment. According to the Munich Agreement in 1938, the place belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau until 1945 . During these years Hödnitz was merged with the neighboring town of Taßwitz to form the municipality of “Kirschfeld”.

In the Second World War , the place had 51 victims to mourn. After its end (May 8, 1945), the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement (1939), including Hödnitz, were reassigned to Czechoslovakia based on the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) . Soon after the end of the war, the German local residents, except for 24 people, were wildly driven across the border into Austria by militant Czechs and national militias . Others fled the excesses, assuming they would be able to return soon. The four main allies of the Second World War did not comment specifically on the wild and collective expulsions of the German population in Article XIII of the Potsdam Communiqué on August 2, 1945 . However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia".

Seven local residents were officially forcibly evacuated via Znojmo between August 11 and September 18, 1946. 17 people remained in the place. Due to the Beneš decree 108 of October 25, 1945, the property of the German Moravians was confiscated and placed under state administration. The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.

In accordance with the original transfer targets of the Potsdam Communiqués, the Red Army demanded, in January 1946, the deportation of all Sudeten Germans from Austria to Germany. The expelled Hödnitzer settled in Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Hesse. Individual families were able to stay in Austria and settled in the Vienna area. After the war, the community "Kirschfeld" was dissolved and Hödnitz became independent again.

The registers have been kept since 1663 and are in the Brno State Archives.

Coat of arms and seal

Two seals are known from the year 1750 . This resulted from the fact that part of the place was administered by the Znaim monastery and the other part by the Pöltenberg provost. The seal of the Znojmo monastery showed a plow iron and a knife, which are surrounded by flowers. In contrast, the seal of the Propstei Pöltenberg showed a jumping horse.

After the dissolution of the subject relationship in the 19th century, the place received a uniform seal. It showed a bunch of grapes in the inscription "GEMEINDEAMT HÖDNITZ". After the place became part of Czechoslovakia, the seal became bilingual and now showed a plow instead of a grape.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	734	732	2	0
1890	690	683	7th	0
1900	913	904	9	0
1910	876	858	14th	4th
1921	916	772	86	58
1930	1009	879	99	31

Attractions

• Parish Church of St. Jacob the Elder (1270), renovation after a lightning strike (1690), high altar and pulpit from the 18th century and altarpiece by Johann Lukas Kracker
• Rectory (1703)
• Plague column
• Johann Nepomuk monument
• Lady Chapel (1833)
• Gothic column on the road to Mühlfraun
• Floriani Column (1735)
• War memorial in the church garden

Local economy

In addition to the traditional craftsmen, such as bakers, cooper, hairdressers, saddlers, chimney sweepers, blacksmiths, locksmiths, tailors, shoemakers, tinsmiths, carpenters, watchmakers, wagons and confectioners, there were also industrial companies in the village.

There was a steam mill, a malt factory, a cucumber and cabbage canning factory, a dairy, a brick and schnapps distillery.

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year of the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• In preparation for the solstice festival, the local boys collected wood and brushwood and brought it to the highest point of the village, the so-called "sparrow". The girls, on the other hand, made lanterns and in the evenings went up to the festival square with the other villagers singing.
• The village's Kirtag was always celebrated on the second Sunday in August. Traditionally, the local residents of Oberort celebrated with their host in Oberort and those of Unterort with their host in Unterort. At this event, the young men were allowed to dance with their chosen one. Two semicircles were formed and the boys pointed to their chosen one with small waving to invite them to dance. According to tradition, the women are asked to dance later. At the end of the evening, the young man was allowed to bring his chosen one home, but was neither allowed to propose marriage to her in front of the house nor to accompany her into the house.

Literature and Sources

• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, Geislingen / Steige
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, Hödnitz 293, 294, 406, 423. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
• Josef Schwarz: Hödnitz - A German Village in South Moravia , 2003.
• Elfriede Paweletz-Klien: The South Moravian ITZ Villages and the Beginnings of Settlement History in South Moravia, 2007.
• Detlef Brandes : The way to expulsion 1938-1945. Plans and decisions to “transfer” Germans from Poland and Czechoslovakia, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-486-56520-6 .

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume III, p. 148
4. ^ Gregor Wolny : "The Margraviate of Moravia", Znojmo district, Brno 1837
5. ^ Josef Schwarz: Hödnitz - A German Village in South Moravia, 2003, p.33f
6. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
7. ↑ Milan Churaň: Potsdam and Czechoslovakia , 2007. Published by the Working Group of Sudeten German Teachers and Educators EV ISBN 978-3-9810491-7-6
8. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 10, 2011.
9. ^ Gustav Gregor: The political district Znaim , vol. 1, s. 179
10. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
11. ^ Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart: Handbook of German Art Monuments in the Ostmark, 1941, Anton Schroll & Co, Hödnitz p. 257
12. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia (1990), Hödnitz p. 12
13. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009