Havraníky

Havraníky
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Area :	920 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 49 '  N , 16 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 48 '52 "  N , 16 ° 0' 51"  E
Height:	288  m nm
Residents :	333 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	669 02
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Jaroslava Šalomounová (as of 2008)
Address:	Havraníky 133 66902 Znojmo 2
Municipality number:	594024
Website :	www.havraniky.cz

Havraníky (German Kaidling ) is a municipality in Okres Znojmo ( Znojmo District), Jihomoravský kraj (South Moravia Region) in the Czech Republic . It is located about six kilometers southwest of the city of Znojmo (Znaim), not far from the southern Czech border with Austria .

geography

Westward as the Devět mlýnů (located Nine mills designated) portion of the ThayaTales with the meander at Šobes . The place itself is laid out as a longitudinal tangle village.

history

The layout of the place and the "ui" dialect (Bavarian-Austrian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicate a settlement by Bavarian German tribes like them, around 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. Havraníky was first mentioned in a document in 1269. In the document, the abbot of the Bruck monastery issued the tithe for the vineyards. 5 years later this document was confirmed by Bishop Bruno von Olomouc. Viticulture in Kaidling had always been pursued with great zeal, which did not change over the next few centuries. In 1314 Otto von Gaya came into possession of the Kaidling estate. In the late 14th century, part of the place and a short time later the entire place came under the rule of the Pöltenberg provost . Remnants of the wall that still exist show that the place was fortified and closed by two gates. During the Thirty Years War , the place lost 70 residents to looting and disease, so that 27 houses were empty. Large fires raged in Kaidling in 1734 and 1830. In 1822, Order Secretary Carl Postl (Charles Sealsfield) visits the inn and school. In 1832 cholera broke out in the village and claimed 42 victims.

Over the years, the spelling of the place changed several times. In the 13th century they wrote Kovernich , 1397 Chovernik , 1513 Khayrnik , 1524 Kahydlink and finally from 1672 Kaidling . From the 14th century the place belonged to the provost of the Kreuzherren with the red star on the Pöltenberg.

After the First World War and the Treaty of Saint-Germain , the place, which in 1910 was 99% inhabited by German South Moravians , became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the interwar period , new civil servants were appointed to an increased influx of people of Czech nationality. In 1931 the Kaidling volunteer fire brigade was founded. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, South Moravia and thus Kaidling belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War (May 8, 1945), which claimed 46 victims, the community returned to Czechoslovakia. After the withdrawal of the Soviets, non-resident Czech "property managers" took possession of the houses of the German local residents. In order to escape the excesses and harassment that followed, many of the German South Moravians fled across the nearby border to Austria or were driven across . The victorious powers of World War II took on August 2, 1945, in Potsdam communiqué , Article XIII specifically to the wild and collectively running expulsion of the German population not position. However, they explicitly called for an "orderly and humane transfer" of the "German population segments" that "remained in Czechoslovakia". Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty. Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 . The "official" forced resettlement of the last 82 German citizens took place on August 27 and September 18, 1945 to Germany. Five people died as a result of the evictions. Five people remained in the place. According to the Beneš Decree 108, the property of German residents as well as German public and church property were confiscated and placed under state administration. There was no compensation.

Up to 31% of the local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany in accordance with the original transfer targets of the Potsdam Agreement. Subsequently, the place was repopulated by residents from Moravian Wallachia .

Register books the place leads since 1637. All birth, marriage and Sterbematriken by the year 1949 are in the National Archives Brno.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest surviving seal dates from the 17th century. It shows the provost's landmark with the star, which is surrounded by four other asterisks. It also shows a vine with grapes removed by a vine knife. After the abolition of the monasteries under Emperor Joseph II, the village used a seal with a two-leaved vine with grapes.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	652	622	25th	5
1890	695	690	3	2
1900	711	707	3	1
1910	759	754	2	3
1921	673	604	49	20th
1930	621	557	37	27

Attractions

• Parish church St. Leonhard (instead of a chapel, which was demolished in 1752) (built in 1771, renovated in 1815/16)
• Floriani column (1st half of the 18th century)
• Johann von Nepomuk Column (1760)
• Lady Chapel
• War memorial (1922)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the course of the year for the German local residents who were expelled in 1945/46:

• The Kirtag took place on the second Sunday after the birth of Mary (September 8th).

Say from the place

There were a multitude of myths among German local residents:

• Thayana as a seductive girl
• Rock remains of the legendary Thayana

Sources and literature

• Wenzel Max: Thayaland, folk songs and dances from South Moravia , 1984, South Moravian Library Geislingen / Steige
• Hubert Kiesling: Memories of the home community Kaidling 2001, South Moravian Library Geislingen / Steige
• Hubert Kiesling: Chronicle of the home community Kaidling , South Moravian Library Geislingen / Steige
• Detlef Brandes : The way to expulsion 1938-1945. Plans and decisions to “transfer” Germans from Poland and Czechoslovakia, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-486-56520-6
• Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark. Anton Schroll & Co, Kaidling 1941, p. 269.
• Johann Zabel: Church handler for South Moravia, 1941, Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Kaidling p. 75
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and crafts in South Moravia , Kaidling, s. 14, C. Maurer Verlag, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities , Kaidling, s. 102f, Josef Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 302 (Kaidling).

Web links

Commons : Havraníky  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9
3. ^ Gregor Wolny : The Margraviate of Moravia , 1837, s. 473
4. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
5. ↑ ^{a b} Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The Znaim District from A to Z , 2009
6. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 302 (Kaidling).
7. ↑ Acta Publica Online search in the historical registers of the Moravian Provincial Archives Brno (cz, dt). Retrieved March 10, 2011.
8. ↑ Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae, Volume II. P. 132
9. ↑ Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960, sv.9. 1984
10. ^ Zuckriegl: Im Märchenland der Thayana, 2000, self-published, p. 79f